scholarly journals Dynamic Expression Profiles of Circular RNAs during Brown to White Adipose Tissue Transformation in Goats (Capra hircus)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1351
Author(s):  
Xujia Zhang ◽  
Siyuan Zhan ◽  
Shizhong Yang ◽  
Tao Zhong ◽  
Jiazhong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
And Function

Adipose tissues are mainly divided into brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT). WAT mainly functions to buffer excess calories, whereas BAT plays a role in the non-shivering thermogenesis to maintain body temperature and energy balance. Moreover, circRNAs play important roles in various biological processes. However, knowledge of the expression profile and function of circRNAs from BAT to WAT remains largely unknown. In this study, a total of 6610 unique circRNAs were identified in the perirenal adipose tissues of 1-day, 30-days, and 1-year goats. Functional annotation revealed that host genes of circRNAs were involved in some BAT-related pathways, such as the thyroid hormone signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and VEGF signaling pathway. Furthermore, a total of 61 DEcircRNAs were detected across three stages. Additionally, five selected circRNAs were validated by RNase R assay, qPCR, and Sanger sequencing. Finally, the circRNA–miRNA network was constructed between the DEcircRNAs and their miRNA binding sites.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effects of Grateloupia elliptica, a Red Seaweed, in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Suppression of Adipogenic Factors in White Adipose Tissue and Increased Thermogenic Factors in Brown Adipose Tissue

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Geun Lee ◽  
Yu An Lu ◽  
Xining Li ◽  
Ji-Min Hyun ◽  
Hyun-Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Obesity is a serious metabolic syndrome characterized by high levels of cholesterol, lipids in the blood, and intracellular fat accumulation in adipose tissues. It is known that the suppression of adipogenic protein expression is an effective approach for the treatment of obesity, and regulates fatty acid storage and transportation in adipose tissues. The 60% ethanol extract of Grateloupia elliptica (GEE), a red seaweed from Jeju Island in Korea, was shown to exert anti-adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells and in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. GEE inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, and significantly reduced expression of adipogenic proteins. In vivo experiments indicated a significant reduction in body weight, as well as white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, including fatty liver, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and leptin contents. The expression of the adipogenic proteins, SREBP-1 and PPAR-γ, was significantly decreased by GEE, and the expression of the metabolic regulator protein was increased in WAT. The potential of GEE was shown in WAT, with the downregulation of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α mRNA; in contrast, in brown adipose tissue (BAT), the thermogenic proteins were increased. Collectively, these research findings suggest the potential of GEE as an effective candidate for the treatment of obesity-related issues via functional foods or pharmaceutical agents.

Novel Aspects of White Adipose Tissue Browning by Thyroid Hormones

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (06/07) ◽  
pp. 446-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Krause
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Tissue Browning ◽  
Thermogenic Capacity ◽  
Thermogenic Response

AbstractThyroid hormones are essential for the full thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue. The thermogenic response of brown adipocytes to thyroid hormones is resulting from the synergistic interaction of thyroid hormones with the sympathetic nervous system. In recent years, evidence has been provided that thyroid hormones also induce the browning of white adipose tissues. This review will provide a brief overview about the recent findings regarding the effects of thyroid hormones on adipose tissue thermogenesis including central and peripheral regulation of white adipose tissue browning.

scholarly journals Using RNA-Seq to Identify Reference Genes of the Transition from Brown to White Adipose Tissue in Goats

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
Linjie Wang ◽  
Xingyue Chen ◽  
Tianzeng Song ◽  
Xujia Zhang ◽  
Siyuan Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Gene Normalization ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Study Gene Expression

Brown adipose tissues have unique non-shivering thermogenesis functions, can be found in newborn ruminate animals, and then are gradually replaced by white adipose tissues in adulthood. For the purpose of exploring the intrinsic mechanism underlying the conversion process from brown (BAT) to white adipose tissue (WAT), it is necessary to utilize Quantitative PCR (qPCR) to study gene expression profiling. In this study, we identified reference genes that were consistently expressed during the transformation from goat BAT to WAT using RNA-seq data. Then, twelve genes were evaluated as candidate reference genes for qPCR in goat perirenal adipose tissue using three tools (geNorm, Normfinder, and BestKeeper). In addition, the selected reference genes were used to normalize the gene expression of PGC-1α and GPAT4. It was found that traditional reference genes, such as GAPDH, RPLP0, HPRT1, and PPIA were not suitable for target gene normalization. In contrast, CTNNB, PFDN5, and EIF3M, selected from RNA sequencing data, showed the least variation and were recommended as the best reference genes during the transformation from BAT to WAT.

GDF5 Promotes White Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis via p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1303-1312
Author(s):  
Wenting Zhang ◽  
Xiaohui Wu ◽  
Zhou Pei ◽  
Wieland Kiess ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Mapk Signaling Pathway

scholarly journals A Role for Phosphodiesterase 3B in Acquisition of Brown Fat Characteristics by White Adipose Tissue in Male Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (9) ◽  
pp. 3152-3167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Guirguis ◽  
Steven Hockman ◽  
Youn Wook Chung ◽  
Faiyaz Ahmad ◽  
Oksana Gavrilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 3B ◽  
Clear Shift ◽  
Pr Domain

Obesity is linked to various diseases, including insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. The idea of inducing white adipose tissue (WAT) to assume characteristics of brown adipose tissue (BAT), and thus gearing it to fat burning instead of storage, is receiving serious consideration as potential treatment for obesity and related disorders. Phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) links insulin- and cAMP-signaling networks in tissues associated with energy metabolism, including WAT. We used C57BL/6 PDE3B knockout (KO) mice to elucidate mechanisms involved in the formation of BAT in epididymal WAT (EWAT) depots. Examination of gene expression profiles in PDE3B KO EWAT revealed increased expression of several genes that block white and promote brown adipogenesis, such as C-terminal binding protein, bone morphogenetic protein 7, and PR domain containing 16, but a clear BAT-like phenotype was not completely induced. However, acute treatment of PDE3B KO mice with the β3-adrenergic agonist, CL316243, markedly increased the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, which catalyzes prostaglandin synthesis and is thought to be important in the formation of BAT in WAT and the elongation of very long-chain fatty acids 3, which is linked to BAT recruitment upon cold exposure, causing a clear shift toward fat burning and the induction of BAT in KO EWAT. These data provide insight into the mechanisms of BAT formation in mouse EWAT, suggesting that, in a C57BL/6 background, an increase in cAMP, caused by ablation of PDE3B and administration of CL316243, may promote differentiation of prostaglandin-responsive progenitor cells in the EWAT stromal vascular fraction into functional brown adipocytes.

scholarly journals Effects of high-carbohydrate diets on lipogenesis in rat interscapular brown adipose tissue

1982 ◽  
Vol 206 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. John Weaire ◽  
Tazeen F. Kanagasabai
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Brown Adipose

Cycloplasmic preparations from brown and white adipose tissues were assayed for three lipogenic enzymes throughout a programme of starvation followed by refeeding on either a normal or a white-bread diet. In the brown adipose tissue of rats fed on a white-bread diet the three enzymes were elevated to levels significantly higher than those in white adipose tissue.

scholarly journals miR17-92 cluster drives white adipose tissue browning

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Huang ◽  
Hanlin Zhang ◽  
Meng Dong ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Jun Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Beige Adipocytes ◽  
Beige Fat ◽  
And Function ◽  
White Fat

White adipose tissue (WAT) browning may have beneficial effects for treating metabolic syndrome. miRNA are important regulators of the differentiation, development, and function of brown and beige adipocytes. Here, we found that the cold-inducible miRNA17-92 cluster is enriched in brown adipose tissue (BAT) compared with WAT. Overexpression of the miR17-92 cluster in C3H10T1/2 cells, a mouse mesenchymal stem cell line, enhanced the thermogenic capacity of adipocytes. Furthermore, we observed a significant reduction in adiposity in adipose tissue-specific miR17-92 cluster transgenic (TG) mice. This finding is partly explained by dramatic increases in white fat browning and energy expenditure. Interestingly, the miR17-92 cluster stimulated WAT browning without altering BAT activity in mice. In addition, when we removed the intrascapular BAT (iBAT), the TG mice could maintain their body temperature well under cold exposure. At the molecular level, we found that the miR17-92 cluster targets Rb1, a beige cell repressor in WAT. The present study reveals a critical role for the miR17-92 cluster in regulating WAT browning. These results may be helpful for better understanding the function of beige fat, which could compensate for the lack of BAT in humans, and may open new avenues for combatting metabolic syndrome.

On the characteristics of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase in pancreas and adipose tissues from genetically obese mice

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Tong ◽  
A. D'Iorio ◽  
C. Kandaswami
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Mitochondrial Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
Isolated Adipocytes

The substrate specificity of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) in pancreatic and adipose tissues of obese mice and their lean counterparts was determined. The pancreatic MAO of obese mice had a greater specific activity than that of the lean mice. The white adipose tissue MAO was found to be more active than the brown adipose MAO in both groups of mice. While there was no appreciable difference in the MAO activities of brown adipose tissues between obese and lean mice, the enzyme from the white adipose tissue of obese mice had a higher specific activity than that of the lean mice. The higher MAO activity in white adipose tissue was observed when tyramine or serotonin was employed as substrate but not with benzylamine. Examination of mitochondrial MAO from epididymal adipocytes revealed marked differences in the properties of the enzyme between whole adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes. The inhibition characteristics of MAO from these tissues were studied with the specific inhibitors clorgyline and deprenyl.

scholarly journals Cajanolactone A, a Stilbenoid From Cajanus canjan (L.) Millsp, Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Suppressing Energy Intake

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuohui Luo ◽  
Jiawen Huang ◽  
Zhiping Li ◽  
Zhiwen Liu ◽  
Linchun Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Brown Adipose

Cajanolactone A (CLA) is a stilbenoid isolated from Cajanus canjan (L.) Millsp with the potential to prevent postmenopausal obesity. In this study, the effect of CLA on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in female C57BL/6 mice was investigated. It was found that, treatment with CLA reduced the energy intake and effectively protected the mice from HFD-induced body weight gain, fat accumulation within the adipose tissues and liver, and impairment in energy metabolism. Further investigation revealed that CLA significantly down-regulated the expression of ORX, ORXR2, pMCH, and Gal in the hypothalamus and antagonized HFD-induced changes in the expression of UCP1, Pgc-1α, Tfam, and Mfn1 in the inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT); Caveolin-1, MT and UCP3 in the perigonadal white adipose tissue (pWAT); and Pdhb, IRS2, Mttp, Hadhb, and Cpt1b in the liver. CLA also protected the pWAT and liver from HFD-induced mitochondrial damage. However, neither HFD nor CLA showed an effect on the mass of brown adipose tissue (BAT) or the expression of UCP1 in the BAT. In summary, our findings suggest that CLA is a potential drug candidate for preventing diet-induced obesity, at least in females. CLA works most likely by suppressing the hypothalamic expression of orexigenic genes, which leads to reduced energy intake, and subsequently, reduced fat accumulation, thereby protecting the adipose tissues and the liver from lipid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.

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