On the characteristics of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase in pancreas and adipose tissues from genetically obese mice

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Tong ◽  
A. D'Iorio ◽  
C. Kandaswami
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Mitochondrial Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
Isolated Adipocytes

The substrate specificity of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) in pancreatic and adipose tissues of obese mice and their lean counterparts was determined. The pancreatic MAO of obese mice had a greater specific activity than that of the lean mice. The white adipose tissue MAO was found to be more active than the brown adipose MAO in both groups of mice. While there was no appreciable difference in the MAO activities of brown adipose tissues between obese and lean mice, the enzyme from the white adipose tissue of obese mice had a higher specific activity than that of the lean mice. The higher MAO activity in white adipose tissue was observed when tyramine or serotonin was employed as substrate but not with benzylamine. Examination of mitochondrial MAO from epididymal adipocytes revealed marked differences in the properties of the enzyme between whole adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes. The inhibition characteristics of MAO from these tissues were studied with the specific inhibitors clorgyline and deprenyl.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effects of Grateloupia elliptica, a Red Seaweed, in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Suppression of Adipogenic Factors in White Adipose Tissue and Increased Thermogenic Factors in Brown Adipose Tissue

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Geun Lee ◽  
Yu An Lu ◽  
Xining Li ◽  
Ji-Min Hyun ◽  
Hyun-Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Obesity is a serious metabolic syndrome characterized by high levels of cholesterol, lipids in the blood, and intracellular fat accumulation in adipose tissues. It is known that the suppression of adipogenic protein expression is an effective approach for the treatment of obesity, and regulates fatty acid storage and transportation in adipose tissues. The 60% ethanol extract of Grateloupia elliptica (GEE), a red seaweed from Jeju Island in Korea, was shown to exert anti-adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells and in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. GEE inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, and significantly reduced expression of adipogenic proteins. In vivo experiments indicated a significant reduction in body weight, as well as white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, including fatty liver, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and leptin contents. The expression of the adipogenic proteins, SREBP-1 and PPAR-γ, was significantly decreased by GEE, and the expression of the metabolic regulator protein was increased in WAT. The potential of GEE was shown in WAT, with the downregulation of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α mRNA; in contrast, in brown adipose tissue (BAT), the thermogenic proteins were increased. Collectively, these research findings suggest the potential of GEE as an effective candidate for the treatment of obesity-related issues via functional foods or pharmaceutical agents.

scholarly journals Immunochemical studies with soluble and mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylase activities from rat tissues

1970 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Ballard ◽  
R. W. Hanson ◽  
Lea Reshef
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Pyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Brown Adipose

1. Pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1), purified from rat liver mitochondria to a specific activity of 14 units/mg, was used for the preparation of antibodies in rabbits. 2. Tissue distribution studies showed that pyruvate carboxylase was present in all rat tissues that were tested, with considerable activities both in gluconeogenic tissues such as liver and kidney and in tissues with high rates of lipogenesis such as white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, adrenal gland and lactating mammary gland. 3. Immunochemical titration experiments with the specific antibodies showed no differences between the inactivation of pyruvate carboxylase from mitochondrial or soluble fractions of liver, kidney, mammary gland, brown adipose tissue or white adipose tissue. 4. The antibodies were relatively less effective in reactions against pyruvate carboxylase from sheep liver than against the enzyme from rat tissues. 5. Pyruvate carboxylase antibodies did not inactivate either propionyl-CoA carboxylase or acetyl-CoA carboxylase from rat liver. 6. It is concluded that pyruvate carboxylase in lipogenic tissues is similar antigenically to the enzyme in gluconeogenic tissues and that the soluble activities of pyruvate carboxylase detected in many rat tissues do not represent discrete enzymes but are the result of mitochondrial damage during tissue homogenization.

Novel Aspects of White Adipose Tissue Browning by Thyroid Hormones

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (06/07) ◽  
pp. 446-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Krause
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Tissue Browning ◽  
Thermogenic Capacity ◽  
Thermogenic Response

AbstractThyroid hormones are essential for the full thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue. The thermogenic response of brown adipocytes to thyroid hormones is resulting from the synergistic interaction of thyroid hormones with the sympathetic nervous system. In recent years, evidence has been provided that thyroid hormones also induce the browning of white adipose tissues. This review will provide a brief overview about the recent findings regarding the effects of thyroid hormones on adipose tissue thermogenesis including central and peripheral regulation of white adipose tissue browning.

scholarly journals Using RNA-Seq to Identify Reference Genes of the Transition from Brown to White Adipose Tissue in Goats

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
Linjie Wang ◽  
Xingyue Chen ◽  
Tianzeng Song ◽  
Xujia Zhang ◽  
Siyuan Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Gene Normalization ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Study Gene Expression

Brown adipose tissues have unique non-shivering thermogenesis functions, can be found in newborn ruminate animals, and then are gradually replaced by white adipose tissues in adulthood. For the purpose of exploring the intrinsic mechanism underlying the conversion process from brown (BAT) to white adipose tissue (WAT), it is necessary to utilize Quantitative PCR (qPCR) to study gene expression profiling. In this study, we identified reference genes that were consistently expressed during the transformation from goat BAT to WAT using RNA-seq data. Then, twelve genes were evaluated as candidate reference genes for qPCR in goat perirenal adipose tissue using three tools (geNorm, Normfinder, and BestKeeper). In addition, the selected reference genes were used to normalize the gene expression of PGC-1α and GPAT4. It was found that traditional reference genes, such as GAPDH, RPLP0, HPRT1, and PPIA were not suitable for target gene normalization. In contrast, CTNNB, PFDN5, and EIF3M, selected from RNA sequencing data, showed the least variation and were recommended as the best reference genes during the transformation from BAT to WAT.

scholarly journals Chrysanthemum Leaf Ethanol Extract Prevents Obesity and Metabolic Disease in Diet-Induced Obese Mice via Lipid Mobilization in White Adipose Tissue

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ri Ryu ◽  
Eun-Young Kwon ◽  
Ji-Young Choi ◽  
Jong Cheol Shon ◽  
Kwang-Hyeon Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Lipid Mobilization ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Brown Adipose

This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. against obesity and diabetes, by comparing the transcriptional changes in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) with those of the bioactive compound in C. morifolium, luteolin (LU). Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with 1.5% w/w chrysanthemum leaf ethanol extract (CLE) for 16 weeks. Supplementation with CLE and LU significantly decreased the body weight gain and eWAT weight by stimulating mRNA expressions for thermogenesis and energy expenditure in eWAT via lipid mobilization, which may be linked to the attenuation of dyslipidemia. Furthermore, CLE and LU increased uncoupling protein-1 protein expression in brown adipose tissue, leading to energy expenditure. Of note, CLE and LU supplements enhanced the balance between lipid storage and mobilization in white adipose tissue (WAT), in turn, inhibiting adipocyte inflammation and lipotoxicity of peripheral tissues. Moreover, CLE and LU attenuated hepatic steatosis by suppressing hepatic lipogenesis, thereby ameliorating insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Our data suggest that CLE helps inhibit obesity and its comorbidities via the complex interplay between liver and WAT in diet-induced obese mice.

Adenylate cyclase activity in brown adipose tissue of the genetically obese (ob/ob) mouse

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 910-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Bégin-Heick ◽  
H. M. C. Heick
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Obese Mouse ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Adrenergic Agonists ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Maximum Activation ◽  
Obesity Syndrome

The activation of brown adipose tissue adenylate cyclase by catecholamines was studied in genetically obese (ob/ob) and lean mice. In obese mice, the maximum activation of the enzyme by several β-adrenergic agonists was only two-thirds that in lean mice and, as an activator, noradrenaline was only one-eighth as potent. The adenylate cyclase was also less responsive to guanine nucleotides. In these respects, the defect in catecholamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase was similar in both white and brown adipose tissue of the obese mouse. The enzyme in brown adipose tissue differed from that in white adipose tissue in its sensitivity to other β-adrenergic agonists and in its requirement for Mg2+. It is suggested that this abnormal catecholamine-activated adenylate cyclase in brown adipose tissue may be related to the thermoregulatory defect of the obese mouse and hence may contribute to the obesity syndrome.

scholarly journals Effects of high-carbohydrate diets on lipogenesis in rat interscapular brown adipose tissue

1982 ◽  
Vol 206 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. John Weaire ◽  
Tazeen F. Kanagasabai
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Brown Adipose

Cycloplasmic preparations from brown and white adipose tissues were assayed for three lipogenic enzymes throughout a programme of starvation followed by refeeding on either a normal or a white-bread diet. In the brown adipose tissue of rats fed on a white-bread diet the three enzymes were elevated to levels significantly higher than those in white adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Changes in the lipogenic response to feeding of liver, white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue during the development of obesity in the gold-thioglucose-injected mouse

1989 ◽  
Vol 259 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Cooney ◽  
M A Vanner ◽  
J L Nicks ◽  
P F Williams ◽  
I D Caterson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gold Thioglucose ◽  
Brown Adipose

Lipogenic response to feeding was measured in vivo in liver, epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT), during the development of obesity in gold-thioglucose (GTG)-injected mice. The fatty acid synthesis after a meal was higher in all tissues of GTG-treated mice on a total-tissue basis, but the magnitude of this increase varied, depending on the tissue and the time after the initiation of obesity. Lipogenesis in BAT from GTG mice was double that of control mice for the first 2 weeks, but subsequently decreased to near control values. In WAT, lipogenesis after feeding was highest 2-4 weeks after GTG injection, and in liver, lipid synthesis in fed obese mice was greatest at 7-12 weeks after the induction of obesity. The post-prandial insulin concentration was increased after 2 weeks of obesity, and serum glucose concentration was higher in fed obese mice after 4 weeks. These results indicate that increased lipogenesis in GTG-injected mice may be due to an increase in insulin concentration after feeding and that insulin resistance (assessed by lipogenic response to insulin release) is apparent in BAT before WAT and liver.

Obesity Protects Against Sepsis-induced and Norepinephrine-induced White Adipose Tissue Browning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Li ◽  
Xenia Davis ◽  
Patrick Lahni ◽  
Joanna Stuck ◽  
Lauren Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Ucp1 Expression ◽  
Tissue Browning

Sepsis is a dysregulated systemic response to infection and can lead to organ damage and death. Obesity is a significant problem worldwide and affects outcomes from sepsis. Our laboratory demonstrated that white adipose tissue (WAT) undergoes browning during sepsis, a process whereby WAT adopts a brown adipose tissue phenotype. However, this browning process was not observed in obese mice during sepsis. White adipose tissue browning is detrimental in patients with burn injury and cancer. We hypothesize that norepinephrine (NE) induces WAT browning in non-obese mice but not in obese mice similarly to sepsis-induced WAT browning. Six-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were randomized to a high-fat diet or normal diet. After 6-7 weeks of feeding, polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Norepinephrine was administered intraperitoneally via osmotic minipumps for 18h or 72h (no CLP) at which time tissue and plasma were harvested. Controls were mice that underwent CLP (no NE) with 18h harvest. A separate group of mice underwent pretreatment with NE or vehicle infusion for 72h, CLP was performed and at 18h had tissue and plasma harvested. Sepsis resulted in significant weight loss in both non-obese and obese mice. NE treatment alone caused weight loss in obese mice. Septic non-obese mice had higher UCP1 expression compared to control and obese septic mice. NE treatment increased UCP1 expression in non-obese, but not obese mice. NE treated obese septic mice had lower lung MPO activity, ALT, AST, TNFa and IL-6 levels compared to NE treated non-obese septic mice. Obesity protects mice from septic-induced and NE-induced WAT browning.

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