scholarly journals Effects of high-carbohydrate diets on lipogenesis in rat interscapular brown adipose tissue

1982 ◽  
Vol 206 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. John Weaire ◽  
Tazeen F. Kanagasabai
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Brown Adipose

Cycloplasmic preparations from brown and white adipose tissues were assayed for three lipogenic enzymes throughout a programme of starvation followed by refeeding on either a normal or a white-bread diet. In the brown adipose tissue of rats fed on a white-bread diet the three enzymes were elevated to levels significantly higher than those in white adipose tissue.

Nutritional Regulation of the Activities of Lipogenic Enzymes of Rat Liver and Brown Adipose Tissue

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 859-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meinrad Boll ◽  
Lutz W. D Weber ◽  
Andreas Stampfl
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Specific Activities

Abstract Nutrition-induced effects on the activity of enzymes of lipogenesis, fatty acid synthase (FAS; EC 2.3.1.85). ATP citrate lyase (ACL; EC 4.1.3.8), malic enzyme (ME; EC 1.1.1.40), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH; EC 1.1.1.49) and 6-phosphogluconate dehy­ drogenase (PGDH; EC 1.1.1.44) were investigated in liver and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) of rats. The lipogenic enzymes could be grouped into two categories according to their response to dietary manipulations; FAS and ACL. both key enzymes of lipogenesis, responded fast and strongly to dietary manipulations. ME, G6PDH and PDGH, enzymes which also contribute to metabolic pathways other than lipogenesis, responded in a more sustained and less pronounced fashion. Feed deprivation caused the specific activities of lipogenic enzymes to decline several-fold. Refeeding of previously fasted (up to 3 days) animals increased the activities dramatically (10-to 25-fold) to far above pre-fasting levels (“overshoot”). Repetition of the fasting/refeeding regimen increasingly impaired the ability of both tissues to synthesize overshooting enzyme activities in the subsequent refeeding period. The fasting-induced decline of the activities was prevented when sugars were provided to the animals via drinking water. The sugars displayed different effectivities; sucrose= glucose> fructose> maltose » lactose. Sugars as the sole nutrient after fasting were also able to induce overshooting enzyme activities. Again, activities of FAS and ACL responded in a more pronounced fashion than the other three enzymes. Transition from feeding one diet to feeding a new diet of different composition led to adaptation of the lipogenic enzyme activities to levels characteristic for the new diet. Replacing a low-carbohydrate with a high-carbohydrate diet proceeded with major alterations of enzyme activities. This process of attaining a new level took up to 20 days and involved pronounced oscillations of the specific activities. In contrast, when a high-carbohydrate diet was replaced with another diet, particular one high in fat, transition to new enzyme activities was completed within 2 -3 days and proceeded without oscillations. All dietary manipulations caused more pronounced responses in young (35d-old) than in adult (180d-old) animals.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effects of Grateloupia elliptica, a Red Seaweed, in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Suppression of Adipogenic Factors in White Adipose Tissue and Increased Thermogenic Factors in Brown Adipose Tissue

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Geun Lee ◽  
Yu An Lu ◽  
Xining Li ◽  
Ji-Min Hyun ◽  
Hyun-Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Obesity is a serious metabolic syndrome characterized by high levels of cholesterol, lipids in the blood, and intracellular fat accumulation in adipose tissues. It is known that the suppression of adipogenic protein expression is an effective approach for the treatment of obesity, and regulates fatty acid storage and transportation in adipose tissues. The 60% ethanol extract of Grateloupia elliptica (GEE), a red seaweed from Jeju Island in Korea, was shown to exert anti-adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells and in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. GEE inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, and significantly reduced expression of adipogenic proteins. In vivo experiments indicated a significant reduction in body weight, as well as white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, including fatty liver, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and leptin contents. The expression of the adipogenic proteins, SREBP-1 and PPAR-γ, was significantly decreased by GEE, and the expression of the metabolic regulator protein was increased in WAT. The potential of GEE was shown in WAT, with the downregulation of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α mRNA; in contrast, in brown adipose tissue (BAT), the thermogenic proteins were increased. Collectively, these research findings suggest the potential of GEE as an effective candidate for the treatment of obesity-related issues via functional foods or pharmaceutical agents.

Effects of sucrose, caffeine, and cola beverages on obesity, cold resistance, and adipose tissue cellularity

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (4) ◽  
pp. R500-R507 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Bukowiecki ◽  
J. Lupien ◽  
N. Follea ◽  
L. Jahjah
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Triglyceride Content

Rats consuming Coca-Cola and Purina chow ad libitum increased their total energy intake by 50% without excess weight gain. Their resistance to cold was markedly improved. These phenomena were characterized by significant increases in interscapular brown adipose tissue weight (IBAT) (91%), cellularity (59%), triglyceride content (52%), protein content (94%), and cytochrome oxidase activity (167%). In contrast, Coca-Cola consumption did not significantly affect the cellularity or triglyceride content of parametrial white adipose tissue (PWAT), although it slightly augmented PWAT weight. The effects of Coca-Cola on cold resistance, IBAT cellularity, and composition were entirely reproduced by sucrose, but not caffeine, consumption. Although caffeine also increased IBAT cellularity and composition, it significantly decreased the rate of body weight gain, PWAT weight, and adipocyte size. Moreover, it markedly inhibited adipocyte proliferation in PWAT thereby mimicking the effects of exercise training and food restriction (Bukowiecki et al., Am. J. Physiol. 239 (Endocrinol. Metab. 2): E422-E429, 1980). It is concluded a) that sucrose and Coca-Cola consumption improve the resistance of rats to cold, most probably by increasing brown adipose tissue cellularity, and b) that moderate caffeine intake might be useful for inhibiting proliferative activity in white adipose tissue, thereby preventing obesity.

scholarly journals Changes in the lipogenic response to feeding of liver, white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue during the development of obesity in the gold-thioglucose-injected mouse

1989 ◽  
Vol 259 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Cooney ◽  
M A Vanner ◽  
J L Nicks ◽  
P F Williams ◽  
I D Caterson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gold Thioglucose ◽  
Brown Adipose

Lipogenic response to feeding was measured in vivo in liver, epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT), during the development of obesity in gold-thioglucose (GTG)-injected mice. The fatty acid synthesis after a meal was higher in all tissues of GTG-treated mice on a total-tissue basis, but the magnitude of this increase varied, depending on the tissue and the time after the initiation of obesity. Lipogenesis in BAT from GTG mice was double that of control mice for the first 2 weeks, but subsequently decreased to near control values. In WAT, lipogenesis after feeding was highest 2-4 weeks after GTG injection, and in liver, lipid synthesis in fed obese mice was greatest at 7-12 weeks after the induction of obesity. The post-prandial insulin concentration was increased after 2 weeks of obesity, and serum glucose concentration was higher in fed obese mice after 4 weeks. These results indicate that increased lipogenesis in GTG-injected mice may be due to an increase in insulin concentration after feeding and that insulin resistance (assessed by lipogenic response to insulin release) is apparent in BAT before WAT and liver.

scholarly journals JARINGAN LEMAK PUTIH DAN JARINGAN LEMAK COKLAT Aspek histofisiologi

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Karundeng ◽  
Sunny Wangko ◽  
Sonny J. R. Kalangi
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Lipid Inclusions ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissues ◽  
Histological Characteristics

Abstract: There are two types of adipose tissues, white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue. White adipose tissue is distributed in subcutaneous tissues meanwhile brown adipose tissue is located in certain parts of the body, neck and interscapulaar regions, in fetus and infants. Cells of adipose tissue are named adipocytes. The adipocyte of white adipose tissue contains one lipid locus (unilocular), meanwhile the adipocyte of brown adipose tissue contains many small lipid inclusions (multilocular). In adults, all adipose tissues show similar histological features-unilocular. Albeit, in certain conditions, adipocytes of brown adipose tissues can reverse to their former features, multilocular. Each type of these adipose tissue has its own characteristic in hitological and functional aspects.Keywords: white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, histological characteristics, functionAbstrak: Terdapat dua jenis jaringan lemak yaitu jaringan lemak putih dan jaringan lemak coklat. Jaringan lemak putih tersebar pada jaringan subkutan sedangkan jaringan lemak coklat banyak terdapat di daerah leher dan interskapular pada fetus dan bayi. Sel jaringan lemak disebut adiposit. Pada usia dewasa, semua jaringan lemak terlihat sebagai lemak unilokuler tetapi pada kondisi tertentu jaringan lemak coklat dapat kembali ke struktur semula, yaitu multilokular. Kedua jenis jaringan lemak memiliki kekhususan sendiri baik dari aspek histologik maupun fungsional.Kata kunci: jaringan lemak putih, jaringan lemak coklat, gambaran histologik, fungsi

Chronic norepinephrine infusion stimulates glucose uptake in white and brown adipose tissues

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (3) ◽  
pp. R914-R920 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Liu ◽  
F. Perusse ◽  
L. J. Bukowiecki
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Brown Adipose

Cold exposure activates the sympathetic nervous system and markedly stimulates glucose uptake in rat peripheral tissues [A. L. Vallerand, F. Perusse, and L. J. Bukowiecki. Am. J. Physiol 259 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 28): R1043-R1049, 1990]. To test whether norepinephrine (NE) mimics the effects of cold exposure, we estimated the effects of chronic NE treatment on tissue glucose uptake by determining the glucose metabolic index using the 2-[1,2-3H(N)]deoxy-D-glucose method. NE was administered in conscious rats at various doses (ranging from 1.9 to 25.1 nmol.kg-1.min-1) during 4 days via minipumps implanted subcutaneously. At doses > 10 nmol.kg-1.min-1, NE maximally stimulated glucose uptake in interscapular brown adipose tissue (approximately 50 times above controls) and epididymal white adipose tissue (approximately 3 times above controls). NE infusion (18.8 nmol.kg-1.min-1) increased the circulating levels of NE from 1.1 +/- 0.1 to 19.2 +/- 0.4 nM (P < 0.001), which is in the range of concentrations for the stimulatory effects of NE on glucose uptake in isolated brown adipocytes. At all concentrations tested, NE infusion did not stimulate glucose uptake in the heart and skeletal muscles. NE treatment did not significantly alter plasma insulin or glucose levels but increased the concentration of circulating free fatty acids. The capacity of brown adipose tissue for NE stimulation of glucose uptake (expressed per g of tissue) was much higher than that of white adipose tissue (100 times), various types of white or red skeletal muscles (10-80 times), or the heart (3-4 times).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue is responsive to, but dispensable for, the metabolic health benefits of exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (1) ◽  
pp. E66-E77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem T. Peppler ◽  
Logan K. Townsend ◽  
Carly M. Knuth ◽  
Michelle T. Foster ◽  
David C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Brown Adipose

Exercise training has robust effects on subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), characterized by a shift to a brown adipose tissue (BAT)-like phenotype. Consistent with this, transplantation of exercise-trained iWAT into sedentary rodents activates thermogenesis and improves glucose homeostasis, suggesting that iWAT metabolism may contribute to the beneficial effects of exercise. However, it is yet to be determined if adaptations in iWAT are necessary for the beneficial systemic effects of exercise. To test this, male C57BL/6 mice were provided access to voluntary wheel running (VWR) or remained as a cage control (SED) for 11 nights after iWAT removal via lipectomy (LIPX) or SHAM surgery. We found that SHAM and LIPX mice with access to VWR ran similar distances and had comparable reductions in body mass, increased food intake, and increased respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Further, VWR improved indexes of glucose homeostasis and insulin tolerance in both SHAM and LIPX mice. The lack of effect of LIPX in the response to VWR was not explained by compensatory increases in markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis in skeletal muscle, epididymal white adipose tissue, or interscapular brown adipose tissue. Together, these data demonstrate that mice with and without iWAT have comparable adaptations to VWR, suggesting that iWAT may be dispensable for the metabolic health benefits of exercise.

scholarly journals Glucose transporter expression and glucose utilization in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue during starvation and re-feeding

1992 ◽  
Vol 282 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Smith ◽  
S R Bloom ◽  
M C Sugden ◽  
M J Holness
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Mrna Concentration ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Transporter Expression

Starvation (48 h) decreased the concentration of mRNA of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter isoform (GLUT 4) in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) (56%) and tibialis anterior (10%). Despite dramatic [7-fold (tibialis anterior) and 40-fold (IBAT)] increases in glucose utilization after 2 and 4 h of chow re-feeding, no significant changes in GLUT 4 mRNA concentration were observed in these tissues over this re-feeding period. The results exclude changes in GLUT 4 mRNA concentration in mediating the responses of glucose transport in these tissues to acute re-feeding after prolonged starvation.

scholarly journals Reduced Expression of Urokinase Plasminogen Activator in Brown Adipose Tissue of Obese Mouse Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3407
Author(s):  
Chung-Ze Wu ◽  
Li-Chien Chang ◽  
Chao-Wen Cheng ◽  
Te-Chao Fang ◽  
Yuh-Feng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Obese Mouse ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Brown Adipose

In recent decades, the obesity epidemic has resulted in morbidity and mortality rates increasing globally. In this study, using obese mouse models, we investigated the relationship among urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), metabolic disorders, glomerular filtration rate, and adipose tissues. Two groups, each comprised of C57BL/6J and BALB/c male mice, were fed a chow diet (CD) and a high fat diet (HFD), respectively. Within the two HFD groups, half of each group were euthanized at 8 weeks (W8) or 16 weeks (W16). Blood, urine and adipose tissues were collected and harvested for evaluation of the effects of obesity. In both mouse models, triglyceride with insulin resistance and body weight increased with duration when fed a HFD in comparison to those in the groups on a CD. In both C57BL/6J and BALB/c HFD mice, levels of serum uPA initially increased significantly in the W8 group, and then the increment decreased in the W16 group. The glomerular filtration rate declined in both HFD groups. The expression of uPA significantly decreased in brown adipose tissue (BAT), but not in white adipose tissue, when compared with that in the CD group. The results suggest a decline in the expression of uPA in BAT in obese m models as the serum uPA increases. There is possibly an association with BAT fibrosis and dysfunction, which may need further study.

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