scholarly journals Open Transparent Communication about Animals in Laboratories: Dialog for Multiple Voices and Multiple Audiences

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Larry Carbone
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Voices ◽  
Multiple Audiences ◽  
Animal Use ◽  
Lay Public ◽  
Current Movement

In this article, I offer insights and proposals to the current movement for increased openness and transparency about animal use in laboratories. Increased transparency cannot be total transparency—as no story or picture can ever be complete. When research advocates share their stories, they must decide which words and pictures to edit out. I ask here: Who of the listening “public” gets a chance to revisit this editing, and find the information that is important to them? To the extent that (what I call) the “new openness” attempts to speak to a “lay public” and exclude animal activists, I suggest that refinement-focused animal protectionists deserve enhanced avenues of openness and inclusion—which some research advocates might fear giving to more extreme activists and which a less invested “lay public” may not want or need. I conclude with some specific examples and suggestions to not just invite inquiry from animal advocates, but to bring them in as witnesses and participants, to learn from and incorporate their concerns, priorities, expertise, and suggestions. This can bring a diversity of ideas and values that could improve the quality of science, the credibility of animal researchers, and the welfare of the animals in laboratories.

Implied Polyphony in the Solo String Works of J. S. Bach: A Case for the Perceptual Relevance of Structural Expression

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Davis
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
Perceptual Effect ◽  
Multiple Voices ◽  
Instrumental Line ◽  
Analytical System ◽  
And Function

Bach created a sense of counterpoint in his unaccompanied string works by outlining multiple voices within a single instrumental line. In order to better understand the construction and function of this implied polyphony, an analytical system was developed that provides guidelines for determining where transitions between implied voices occur. Two experiments then investigated how implied polyphony affects the perceived aesthetic quality of these pieces. The hypothesis was that Bach used implied polyphony to create “structural expression,” something that would enhance the melody’s appeal without the aid of performer expressivity. Statistical analysis of the results confirmed that passages containing implied polyphony are indeed considered more engaging than those that were recomposed to diminish the sense of counterpoint. Results also suggest, however, that all instances of implied polyphony do not have the same perceptual effect. Listener’s judgments of engagingness were significantly affected when the implied polyphony created simultaneous, linear streams, but not when it created a sense of successive grouping structure.

scholarly journals Risk perception of populations in Northeastern Brazil about domestic sewage treatment and reuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglisnilson de Morais Ferreira ◽  
Julio Alejandro Navoni ◽  
André Luis Calado Araújo ◽  
Viviane Souza do Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Animal Use ◽  
Sewage Reuse ◽  
Perception Analysis

Abstract The reuse is a growing practice in Brazil, given its relevance in minimizing the water scarcity. However, the environmental consequences and its sustainability have not been completely elucidated, being the risk perception analysis a starting point for understanding such concerns. In this perspective, the aim of this study was to evaluate the operation of Sewage Treatment Plants, the applicability of sewage reuse, and its influence on the quality of life of the population of Parelhas and Pedro Velho, counties of the semiarid and northeastern coast, respectively. From the results, it was found a great rejection in the operation of the stations, associated with the impacts produced such as odor and proliferation of mosquitoes, which imply economic, social and public health problems. Regarding reuse, acceptance is predominant for irrigation of crops for human and animal use. We emphasize the need for further research to diagnose the environmental risks arising from this activity.

Theology and Race

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Prevot
Keyword(s):  
Black Theology ◽  
Womanist Theology ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Multiple Voices ◽  
Religious Scholarship ◽  
Cornel West ◽  
Katie Cannon

AbstractThis study develops a Christian theological response to the problems of race and anti-black racism in conversation with black theology and womanist theology. It provides a detailed introduction to multiple voices, developments, and tensions in these two theological traditions over the last half century. It offers an overview of James Cone’s arguments and their reception. It considers turns toward pragmatism and genealogy in black religious scholarship, focusing on Cornel West, Peter Paris, Dwight Hopkins, Victor Anderson, Anthony Pinn, Bryan Massingale, J. Kameron Carter, and Willie Jennings. It analyzes womanist theological treatments of intersectionality, narrative, and embodiment through Jacquelyn Grant, Katie Cannon, Delores Williams, Emilie Townes, Karen Baker-Fletcher, Kelly Brown Douglas, Diana Hayes, and M. Shawn Copeland. Finally, it suggests some open questions related to hybridity, sexuality, and ecology. Ultimately, it argues that the credibility of Christian theological witness depends significantly on the quality of Christian theology’s response to anti-black racism.

MATHEMATICAL AND LOGICAL MODEL OF AIRCRAFT TIMETABLES

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Okhremchuk
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Schedule ◽  
Deterministic Systems ◽  
Queuing Models ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Abstract Operator ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
Diagonally Dominant ◽  
Current Movement

The article analyses the methods of forming the aircraft flight schedule based on the classical theory of schedules as a theory of multi-stage systems. It is shown that the timetable is a system without interruptions, since each specific flight at a certain point in time is carried out by only one aircraft. In accordance with the theory of schedules, the optimal distribution of a discrete finite set of requirements serviced by deterministic systems with one or more devices is analysed under various assumptions about the nature of their maintenance. It is shown that the weakest assumption regarding the abstract operator, which translates many requirements into many agreed and executed plans, is the monotonic and unimodal behaviour of the corresponding functional of the generated plans. The possibilities of applying the theory of multi-stage systems to create the optimal schedule for medium or large airlines are investigated. The basic requirements for constructing a schedule are advanced. Mathematical models of the schedule are constructed taking into account the basic data of the current movement of aircraft in the area of ​​the airport or air hub. It has been established that if the base airports change their purpose and act as terminal arrival airports, the corresponding matrix elements are inversely symmetric, and with a rarefied spatial distribution of airports, the matrix can tend to diagonally dominant. A  comparative analysis of scheduling algorithms is performed (based on queuing models, based on lists with the distribution of flights over time, etc.). The most suitable indicators of the effectiveness of the formation of the optimal schedule and system of priorities were selected and justified, taking into account the advantages of the arrival and departure times of passenger flights. An expression is derived for the resulting functional schedule efficiency, with which you can get quantitative comparative assessments of the quality of the schedule.

Questions of Self-Interest, Agency, and the Rhetor

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Shared Meaning ◽  
Multiple Voices ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
To Come

This article accepts the virtue of the rhetorical ideal and offers insights that can lead discourse from bias, distortion, and partisanship to come closer to that ideal in the service of society. Without self-interest and disagreement, rhetoric would not be needed, but can it achieve collaborative outcomes without the distortion of serving various interests set against one another in dysfunctional ways? As means for finding shared meaning, or pressing agreement that advances one interest against another, rhetoric can empower external communicators. The quality of discourse reflects on the character of those who speak for each organization among multiple voices and interests.

scholarly journals Qualitative assessment of online information about age-related macular degeneration available in Portuguese

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Agi ◽  
Niro Kasahara ◽  
Claudio Luiz Lottenberg
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lay Public

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the quality of online information on age-related macular degeneration available in Portuguese. Methods: The search term “age-related macular degeneration” was used to browse the web using four different search engines. The first 40 websites appearing on match lists provided by each search engine were recorded and those listed in at least three tab pages selected. The Sandvik Severity Index was used as to assess website quality. Results: Quality of information available on selected websites was rated average (mean Sandvik Score 7.08±2.23). Conclusion: Most websites disseminating information about age-related macular degeneration were of average quality. The need to readjust web-based information to target lay public and promote increased understanding was emphasized.

Public Attitudes Toward Urban Infrastructure: The Northeast Ohio Experience

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanda Kaufman ◽  
Kevin Snape
Keyword(s):  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Participatory Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Lay Public ◽  
Underlying Dimension

Urban infrastructure is typically invisible to the public eye although it is resource- and labor-intensive, rendering services indispensable to daily life. Some facilities appear to provide individually consumable benefits at little individual cost. Therefore, it is usually difficult to rally public support behind changes in the level and nature of infrastructure investments. Consequently, infrastructure decisions tend to be reactive to crises and political pressures, not proactive and strategic. After proposing reasons why the reactive decisions have undesirable long-range consequences, we describe a participatory process that was used in 1994 and 1995 to elicit northeast Ohio's environmental priorities. Surprisingly, urban out-migration emerged as the region's top priority. The key underlying dimension of this choice was concern with the efficient provision, wise management, and quality of the infrastructure. We analyze the participatory mechanisms that rendered infrastructure visible to the lay public, and some strategies for sustaining public interest and enabling it to guide political decisions affecting the environment.

scholarly journals Reporting animal use in scientific papers

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Smith ◽  
Lynda Birke ◽  
Dawn Sadler
Keyword(s):  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Scientific Quality ◽  
Accidental Death ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Animal Use

This paper reports the results of an examination of the 'methods' sections of a range of experimental research papers in biomedical science, focusing on the descriptions of animal use and housing. Detailed descriptions in the methods should enable replication, and also enable readers to judge scientific quality. Relatively few papers sampled gave adequate descriptions of housing conditions and many failed to give details of physiologically relevant variables such as weight of animals. Thirty per cent of papers omitted the number of animals used, and the deaths of animals (whether as part of the protocol, or accidental death) were not always recorded. Adequate reporting of the conditions of animal maintenance and use are important, both in relation to the quality of the science produced, and also because of public concerns about the ethics of animal experiments.

scholarly journals Good English, God?s Nature: Science Education

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry F. Recher
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Lay Public ◽  
Paul Ehrlich ◽  
Scientific Endeavour

What makes an educated scientist? Expert knowledge, including an understanding of experimental design and data analysis, is essential to being an innovative scientist and a leader in one?s field, but it is only part of a scientist?s education and may not even be the most important part. Paul Ehrlich and I have been fond of saying that research is not complete until it is published; communication skills are also essential to being a good scientist (Recher and Ehrlich 1999). However, communication is more than just being able to exchange ideas and information with colleagues sharing a common technical language; leaders among scientists communicate with a much wider audience, including the lay public (Recher and Ehrlich 1999, 2005). Being able to communicate with a wider audience requires different skills from those needed to speak with one?s peers. Few scientists have these skills and the fault lies with the way scientists are educated and in the ways the scientific community has chosen to measure the quality of scientific endeavour (Recher 1992a,b, 1998, 2006).

scholarly journals Nutritional quality of snacks for preschoolers recommended on the internet

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Vanessa Fernandes Amadei Santos ◽  
Felipe Silva Neves ◽  
Mirella Lima Binoti ◽  
Larissa Loures Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Author Identification ◽  
The Media ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Lay Public

Introduction: Concerns about proper nutrition in childhood have been highlighted by the media. This is accompanied by an ongoing increase in the number of Internet pages, including those on social networks, channeled toward providing health information. Objective: To analyze the nutritional quality of snack recipes presented on web pages, aimed at preschoolers and described as healthy. Methods: a cross-sectional study carried out in 2015. A search was made for Brazilian web pages aimed at the lay public, and that contained snacks for children between 2 and 6 years of age. The first 20 URLs located by the search engine were selected and 10% of the recipes were set apart. The snacks were checked for compliance with steps 6, 7, and 8 of the Food Guide. Subsequently, nutritional labels were made for the preparations that met the three pre-established steps. Results: 85% of the pages were sites, 5% were blogs, and the rest were identified as sites/blogs. It was found that all were readable/comprehensible and 40% provided author identification. Of the 35 preparations initially observed, 31.4% met all three steps for healthy eating. In the qualitative analysis, seven were considered hypocaloric; only one of the snacks came close to the proposed carbohydrate content; two had excess protein. In general, the recipes had low quantities of: lipids, calcium, iron, sodium, and fiber. Conclusions: less than half of the addresses consulted identified the author. In addition, the recipes were predominantly misleading, as most had inadequacies in macronutrient and micronutrient content.

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