Reuse of treated domestic sewage for biquinho pepper cultivation

This study aimed to evaluate the reuse of treated domestic sewage in biquinho pepper (Capsicum chinense L.) cultivation under different irrigation regimes. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a randomised block design with a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. Forty-eight pepper plants were subjected to three treated domestic sewage concentrations (0, 50, and 100%) and four irrigation depths (75, 100, 125, and 150% of the crop evapotranspiration - ETc). Data for ETc estimation were obtained from an automatic meteorological station, which was installed in the greenhouse. The results showed that irrigation depths corresponding to 125 and 150% of the ETc at a concentration of 100% treated domestic sewage resulted in higher plants. Moreover, longer fruits were obtained when plants were subjected to 100% ETc at 100% treated domestic sewage. The studied irrigation depths influenced pepper fruit total weight and yield. No treated domestic sewage concentrations significantly influenced the variables analysed. Treated domestic sewage reuse can constitute an alternative for quality water saving and for chemical fertilisation of biquinho pepper crop. Highlights: The growing of beak pepper with domestic sewage treated can bring benefits in terms of providing nutrients to the crops; Adequate levels of water replacement with domestic sewage treated may promote good crop development. The use of treated domestic sewage can be an alternative to reduce the use of better quality water and chemical fertilization in the growing of beak pepper. Reduction of environmental impact may be possible with the replacement of chemical fertilizer by domestic sewage treated in the growing of beak pepper.

Germination and Initial Growth of Sunflower Irrigated With Untreated and Treated (by Distillation and Electro-fenton) Landfill Leachate

Currently, water scarcity, especially in irrigated agriculture, has led researchers to study reuse to study industrial and sewage reuse. Landfill leachates deserve special attention due to its difficulty of tratment they are effluents that are difficult to treat and because it contains essential susbstances for plant nutrition, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and its application in agriculture can be considered a noble use if it is properly handled and does not cause phytotoxicity. This study investigated the effects of different dilutions of treated and non-treated landfill leachate on germination and vitality of sunflower seed (cv. BRS 321), its effects in growth,and vitality and soil atributes under sunflower culture in greenhouse. The leachate was treated by two electro-Fenton process or distillation. The results showed that sunflower cv. BRS 321 seeds, germinated vigorously up to 25% effluent dilution, showing resistance to salinity and phytotoxicity at 50% raw leachate dilution. 15% dillution showed satisfactory results in sunflower growth and nutrition. However the leachate use of higher concentrations showed some changes in soil characteristics. This study suggests that landfill leachate can be used in seed germination under proper use and application, in their lowest leachate concentrations and always based on the chemical analyzes of the leachate.

Risk perception of populations in Northeastern Brazil about domestic sewage treatment and reuse

The reuse is a growing practice in Brazil, given its relevance in minimizing the water scarcity. However, the environmental consequences and its sustainability have not been completely elucidated, being the risk perception analysis a starting point for understanding such concerns. In this perspective, the aim of this study was to evaluate the operation of Sewage Treatment Plants, the applicability of sewage reuse, and its influence on the quality of life of the population of Parelhas and Pedro Velho, counties of the semiarid and northeastern coast, respectively. From the results, it was found a great rejection in the operation of the stations, associated with the impacts produced such as odor and proliferation of mosquitoes, which imply economic, social and public health problems. Regarding reuse, acceptance is predominant for irrigation of crops for human and animal use. We emphasize the need for further research to diagnose the environmental risks arising from this activity.

TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA EM FILTROS ANAERÓBIOS VERTICAIS PARA APLICAÇÃO NA IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO

TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA EM FILTROS ANAERÓBIOS VERTICAIS PARA APLICAÇÃO NA IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO VALDEMIRO SIMÃO JOÃO PITORO1; TAMIRES DA SILVA LIMA2; RODRIGO MÁXIMO SÁNCHEZ ROMÁN3 E JOÃO GABRIEL THOMAZ QUELUZ4 ¹ Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Universitária, nº 3780 – CEP 18610-034, Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, E-mail: [email protected]; ² Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Universitária, nº 3780 – CEP 18610-034, Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, E-mail: [email protected]; 3 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Universitária, nº 3780 – CEP 18610-034, Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, E-mail: [email protected]. 4Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Extas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Avenida 24 A,1515, CEP: 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil, E-mail: [email protected]. 1 RESUMO O reúso das águas residuárias (AR) na agricultura tem sido considerada uma prática comum em todo mundo e uma alternativa para minimizar os impactos do atual cenário de escassez dos recursos hídricos. Contudo, a maior limitação do uso de AR compreende a sua adequação aos padrões de qualidade exigidos pelas diretrizes internacionais. Um sistema de tratamento de água composto por seis filtros anaeróbios (FA) de fluxo vertical descendente, subdivididos em dois leitos de igual número de filtros com material suporte brita #1 e brita #4 tiveram suas condições operacionais estudadas com o objetivo de avaliar o seu desempenho no tratamento de AR para aplicação na irrigação por gotejamento. Analisou-se a qualidade do afluente e do efluente tratado (EFT), nos parâmetros: temperatura, pH, condutividade eléctrica, turbidez, sólidos totais, sólidos suspensos totais, sólidos dissolvidos e demanda bioquímica de oxigênio. Os resultados indicam que os FA apresentaram um bom desempenho, sendo que a qualidade do EFT satisfaz as diretrizes internacionais e nacionais para sua aplicação na irrigação, exceto para o parâmetro DBO. O risco de obstrução dos gotejadores foi classificado como “nenhum” pelos parâmetros SST e SD, e “moderado” para pH; também observou uma redução de turbidez e SST acima de 97%. Embora não tenha se observado diferenças significativas na qualidade do EFT entre os materiais de suporte aplicados para a maioria dos parâmetros analisados, o leito de filtros com material suporte brita #1 apresentou melhores resultados, destacando-se a redução da turbidez e SST. Palavras-chave: esgoto tratado, reuso na agricultura, obstrução de gotejadores. PITORO, V.S.J; LIMA, T. S; SÁNCHEZ-ROMÁN, R. M AND QUELUZ, J. G. T WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN VERTICAL ANAEROBIC FILTERS FOR APPLICATION IN DRIP IRRIGATION 2 ABSTRACT Reusing wastewater (RA) in agriculture has been considered a common practice worldwide and an alternative to minimize the impacts of the current water scarcity scenario. However, the greatest limitation of the use of RA is its adequacy to the quality standards required by international guidelines. A water treatment system composed of six descending vertical flow anaerobic filters (AF), subdivided into two beds of equal number of filters with support material # 1 and # 4 has been studied under operational conditions with the objective of evaluating their performance in the treatment of RA for application in drip irrigation. The following parameters were analyzed: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total solids, total suspended solids, dissolved total solids and biochemical oxygen demand. Results indicate that AF presented good performance, and the quality of the treated effluent (EFT) satisfies international and national guidelines for application in irrigation, except for BOD parameter. The risk of obstruction of drippers was classified as "none" by SST and SD parameters, and "moderate" for pH; turbidity and SST reduction above 97% were also observed. Although there were no significant differences in EFT quality among the support materials applied for most of the analyzed parameters, the bed of filters with material support crushed # 1 presented better results, emphasizing the reduction of turbidity and SST. Keywords: treated sewage, reuse in agriculture, obstruction of drippers.

CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DO ALGODOEIRO FERTIRRIGADO COM ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA SANITÁRIA NO SEMIÁRIDO DE MINAS GERAIS

CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DO ALGODOEIRO FERTIRRIGADO COM ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA SANITÁRIA NO SEMIÁRIDO DE MINAS GERAIS SILVÂNIO RODRIGUES DOS SANTOS1; ANTÔNIO ALVES SOARES2; MARCOS KOITI KONDO3; EDCÁSSIO DIAS ARAÚJO4 E PAULO ROBERTO CECON5 1Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Prof. DCA/UNIMONTES Campus Janaúba - MG; tel: (38) 3821 1378; e-mail: [email protected];2Eng. Agrícola, Doutor, Prof. DEA/UFV; "in memoriam";3Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Prof. DCA/UNIMONTES Campus Janaúba - MG; tel: (38) 3821 1378; e-mail: [email protected];4Estudante de graduação em Agronomia, UNIMONTES Campus Janaúba - MG; e-mail: [email protected];5Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Prof. DET/UFV; tel: (31) 3899 1781; e-mail: [email protected]. 1 RESUMO Grande parte dos municípios brasileiros não apresenta sistema de tratamento adequado de águas residuárias sanitárias, cujos lançamentos são feitos principalmente em rios, prejudicando a qualidade das águas superficiais. Além disso, a maioria das comunidades rurais não é atendida com sistemas de tratamento de esgoto, gerando efluentes com potencial uso agrícola. Assim, avaliou-se o crescimento e a produtividade do algodoeiro, fertirrigado com diferentes doses de água residuária sanitária bruta (ARB) e efluente de tratamento terciário (ART), visando o fornecimento de potássio em cobertura, na dose referência de 40 kg ha-1 de K2O. O experimento de campo seguiu o esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, tendo nas parcelas cinco tratamentos (Testemunha: Água limpa e adubação mineral; 100% e 150% da dose referência de potássio em cobertura tanto via ART quanto via ARB) e nas subparcelas quatro épocas de avaliação, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos com ambas as águas residuárias suprem a necessidade de potássio em cobertura da cultura sem prejudicar o diâmetro caulinar, número de folhas, diâmetro de copa e altura, bem como a produtividade da cultura. A água residuária bruta na dose de 150% da adubação potássica em cobertura proporciona maior produtividade no algodoeiro. Palavras-chave: Reúso de esgoto bruto. Reúso de esgoto. Gossypium hirsutum. Potássio em cobertura. SANTOS, S. R.; SOARES, A. A.; KONDO, M. K.; ARAÚJO, E. D.; CECON, P. R.GROWTH AND YIELD OF COTTON FERTIGATED WITH SANITARY WASTEWATER IN THE SEMI-ARID REGION OF MINAS GERAIS 2 ABSTRACT Most Brazilian municipalities do not have appropriate wastewater treatment systems, with discharge into rivers, degrading quality of surface water. Furthermore, most rural communities do not have sewage treatment systems, generating effluents with potential agricultural use. Thus, we assessed growth and yield of cotton fertigated with different doses of raw sanitary wastewater (ARB) and effluent of tertiary treatment (ART), to supply potassium topdressing according to reference dose of 40 kg K2O ha-1. The field experiment in randomized blocks and split-plot in time design with four replications was used with five treatments (control: Clean water and mineral fertilizer; 100% and 150% of potassium reference dose in topdressing by ARB or ART application) and four evaluation times in subplots. The two wastewater sources meet the potassium topdressing requirements without any effect on stem diameter, leaf number, crown diameter and cotton height, or yield. The highest cotton yield was promoted by 150% of the potassium reference dose in topdressing with raw wastewater. Keywords: Raw sewage reuse. Sewage reuse. Gossypium hirsutum. Potassium topdressing.