scholarly journals Insights about the Epidemiology of Dog Bites in a Canadian City Using a Dog Aggression Scale and Administrative Data

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh Caffrey ◽  
Melanie Rock ◽  
Olivia Schmidtz ◽  
Doug Anderson ◽  
Melissa Parkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
The City ◽  
Bite Injuries

Dog bites are a public health concern that also implicates animal welfare, with negative outcomes such as rehoming or euthanasia for the animals responsible. Previous research has shown that the severity of dog-bite injuries reflects multiple factors, including the degree of inhibition exhibited by dogs and how people behave towards dogs. This study utilizes an objective dog bite injury assessment tool: The Dunbar aggression scale. Trained officers employed by The City of Calgary systematically use the Dunbar scale whenever investigating dog-bite complaints. We analyzed The City of Calgary’s administrative data on confirmed dog-bite injuries in people, 2012–2017, with a multivariable generalized ordered logistic regression model. Severe dog-bite injuries occurred more frequently in the family home than in any other setting. Young children, youths and older adults were at higher risk of more serious bites than adults. There has been a decreasing trend in the probability of a high or medium severity bite, and an increasing trend in the probability of a low severity bite since 2012. These results indicate that greater public awareness regarding dog-bite injuries is needed. Consideration should be given to campaigns targeted towards different demographics, including older adults, to provide an understanding of dog behaviour and to emphasize the need to supervise children closely in the presence of all dogs at all times, including family dogs in the home environment. Given that dog-bite injuries are not just a public health issue, but also an animal welfare issue, we endorse One Health responses in educational campaigns, policy development, and professional practice.

Pattern and Outcome of Dog Bite Injuries among Children-a Study in 200 Cases

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Md Waliur Rahman ◽  
◽  
Md Habibullah Sarkar ◽  
Samir Kumar Talukder ◽  
Md Joynal Abedin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Bite Injuries

Introduction: Dog bites in humans are a major public health problem. Globally, millions of people are bitten by dogs but most of the fatal cases occur in children. Dog bites in human are a serious public health problem and have been well documented worldwide. As rabies is not a notifiable disease in Bangladesh and most deaths occur in rural areas where surveillance is poor. Objectives: To determine the pattern of dog bite injuries and associated health problems among children. Methods: The study was an observational retrospective study carried out at the Dept. of General Surgery, Chuadanga Sadar Hospital, Chuadanga, Bangladesh. The study reviewed the clinical data of patients managed for dog bite related injuries and rabies over a four and half year period between January 2016 and June 2020. A proforma was designed to extract relevant clinical data from the case records. Information extracted included the age, sex of the victims, site of the bite, time of presentation in the hospital, pre-hospital treatment, hospital treatment including post-exposure prophylaxis and complication. Results: In all, 200 cases of dog bite injuries were managed constituting 0.89% of the total consultations; 5 (2.5%) had rabies. Most of the victims were aged 6-12 years (55.0%) and majority (67.0%) was boys. Eighty two percent of the victims presented within 24hrs of the injury. 92 (46.0%) had WHO grade 3 dog bite injury at presentation and the lower limb was the commonest (56.0%) bite site. Use of herbal preparation was the most common pre-hospital treatment 60%. Although 95.0% received anti-rabies vaccine, only 55.5% of them completed the vaccination schedule. The case fatality rate for dog bite was 5.0%. The 5 that died all presented late, had no post exposure prophylaxis and died within 24 hours of admission. Conclusion: There is need for public enlightenment on dangers associated with dog bites and also for the government to ensure vaccination for cost of post exposure prophylaxis treatment for children free of cost

scholarly journals ‘One Health’ promotion in a model city for dog-aggression policy: A qualitative inquiry in the City of Calgary

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-20
Author(s):  
Dawn Rault ◽  
Melanie Rock ◽  
Morgan Mouton ◽  
Melissa Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
One Health ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
High Compliance ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The City ◽  
Bite Injuries

Background Dog-bite injuries remain a perennial problem, especially in pediatric emergency services. Nonetheless, few researchers have examined how local-level policies may contribute to primary prevention. We do so with qualitative research and an emphasis on implementation. This study highlights the potential benefit of coordination in Alberta between municipalities and emergency health services.  Implementation This study mainly took place in the City of Calgary, which has earned a sterling reputation, in Canada and internationally, for the results of its animal-control policy in reducing dog-aggression incidents. We attribute part of this achievement to the high compliance of licensing in Calgary. The City estimates 80-90% of all dogs in Calgary have been licensed (by comparison, the City of Toronto estimates 35% compliance with mandatory licensing for dogs). The City of Calgary earmarks revenue from licensing for human-animal services, including public education, assessment of dogs’ behavior, and a state-of-the-art shelter oriented towards rehoming. Here, we frame the City of Calgary’s dog-aggression policy as a ‘One Health’ issue. This concept refers to human-animal-environment interdependencies as the basis for health. Whereas most One Health research has focused on preventing zoonotic infections or environmental toxins, our approach emphasizes health promotion, in which ‘caring for one’s self and others’ as the foundation for improving longevity and quality of life. Over the years, we have informed and learned from the City of Calgary’s implementation of its dog-aggression policy framework. Evaluation Methods Related research (Caffrey et al., 2019) has analyzed the City of Calgary’s administrative data on dog-bite incidents, statistically and spatially. Previously our team partnered with the Emergency Services Strategic Clinical Network on an analysis of emergency services utilization for dog-bite injuries across Alberta (Jelinski et al., 2016). We have also highlighted risks to occupational health and safety amongst officers who enforce dog-aggression policies, in Alberta and worldwide (Rault et al., 2018). In this presentation, we delve into how these officers act on municipal data when investigating dog-aggression incidents in the City of Calgary. Our main sources of information were semi-structured interviews and participant-observation. Results High compliance with dog-licensing bylaws in Calgary assists officers in efficiently locating dogs following a dog-aggression complaint. In turn, citizens lodge complaints because they view the City of Calgary’s human-animal services as effective and humane. References Caffrey, N., Rock, M., Schmidtz, O., Anderson, D., Parkinson, M., Checkley, S.L. Insights about the epidemiology of dog bites in a Canadian city using a dog aggression scale and administrative data. Animals, 9(6). doi: 10.3390/ani9060324.   Jelinski, S.E., Phillips, C., Doehler, M., Rock, M. (May, 2016). The epidemiology of emergency department visits for dog-related injuries in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 18(S1). doi: 10.1017/cem.2016.68   Rault, D., Nowicki, S., Adams, C., Rock, M. (2018). To protect animals, first we must protect law enforcement officers. Journal of Animal and Natural Resource Law, XIV, pp.1-33.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Dog Bites and Rabies within Humans in Srinagar, Kashmir

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namera Thahaby ◽  
Afzal Hoque Akand ◽  
Abdul Hai Bhat ◽  
Shabeer Ahmed Hamdani ◽  
Mudasir Ali Rather
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Stray Dog ◽  
Srinagar City ◽  
The City

Open garbage dumps and dog bite are public health impasse in the Kashmir region. In Srinagar city, there are more than 91,000 dogs. It’s making one dog for every 12 citizens. Conversely, there are more than 80,000 dog bites, are reported in the valley. The present study was conceded in Srinagar district. It is solidly colonized with stray dog population perhaps due to mismanagement of garbage. The mounting street dog population is leading increasing fright in the city. The information recorded for Dog bite cases was collected from SMHS. The mainstream victims were males. The majority were bitten in the age group of 30–40. The majority had reported at the same day to the hospital. The time of exposure was evening. The bulk had bites on legs. Category 3 bites were seen with the majority people. The majority receive immunoglobins. Open garbage dumps are a public health impediment and they instigate to stray dogs propagation in Srinagar. Individual’s information should be enhanced and their sanguine attitude might be translated into pertinent practices for preclusion of rabies.

scholarly journals A study on dog bite incidence in Union Territory of Dadra & Nagar Haveli, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
V. Khan ◽  
D. B. Zala ◽  
K. M. Joshi ◽  
V.K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Union Territory

The injuries caused by dog bites have grown to such epidemic proportions that they are now considered a major public health concern. The epidemiology of dog bites in the UT of Dadra & Nagar Haveli has been evaluated, for the year 2012. This assessment included victims age, sex, biting site and season of the year. During the study, a total of 938 dog bites, were reported from aforesaid place. Of all the dog bites reported, 39.6% victim belonged to age group upto 0-15 year (children) and 60.4% were more than 15 years old (adults). The majority of the incidents 40.8% occurred during the pre monsoon period (1-20 weeks). There was no case of rabies. There is a need to educate the public about the magnitude of dog-bite problems, enforce leash laws and impound stray dogs as an integral part of prevention programs.

scholarly journals Connecting the dots: a qualitative study of dog-bite data in Calgary (AB, Canada)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Mouton ◽  
Dawn Rault ◽  
Melanie Rock
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Municipal Services ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
The City

IntroductionWorldwide, dog-bites remain a leading cause of pediatric injuries. Local governments are key because they can enact and enforce policies on dogs. The City of Calgary has earned an international reputation for its approach to regulating dogs and dog-owners, which has resulted in marked reductions in per capita dog-aggression complaints. Objectives and ApproachThis presentation reflects on how data on dogs are collected, sorted and used by local governments. Our approach has been qualitative in nature: we observed bylaw officers during ride-alongs, and we conducted in-depth interviews with officials who conceived and/or use the databases involving dogs in Calgary. We took a particular interest in the migration of the City of Calgary’s ‘canine data’ (e.g., dog licensing, reports by enforcement officers) to a more comprehensive database listing all of the incidents recorded by municipal services (including ‘911’ and ‘311’ calls, etc.). ResultsPreliminary results point to difficulties in linking data stemming from several sources. Within the municipality itself, the transition comes with important challenges. Moreover, to improve public health surveillance for dog-bites, and ultimately to improve preventive strategies, other sources of data should be linked, including emergency services, animal welfare charities, and and veterinary clinics. This fragmentation of available data would be difficult to overcome. Local governments and animal welfare charities may cooperate during investigations but do not share their administrative data. The issue of privacy is a strong barrier for municipal services to obtain healthcare data, while veterinary clinics are private entities that have few incentives to align with administrative data held by local governments or healthcare services. Conclusion/ImplicationsIn a city whose model is built upon the close monitoring of pets and their people, the issue of data linkages is critical. New partnerships and new solutions, respectful of citizen privacy and organizations’ respective scope of practice, should be developed.

Epidemiological Features of Dog Bites among Children Attending Emergency Room in Al-showmely General Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Alwan Baiee ◽  
Weli Hatif
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Bite Injuries

Dog bites are common and can affect victims of different ages.Dog bite injuries in children are a preventable health problem.Dog bites are a serious health problem that cause both physical and emotional damage to victims and considerable cost to communities. Studies on dog bites among Iraqi children were very scarce.This study focuses on theincidence,mechanisms,and epidemiologicalcircumstances ofdog biteinjuriesin a series of pediatric patients who sustained dog bites in emergency Room. MethodologyA cross sectional study was designed to studyall cases of dog bites attending the emergency room in AL-Showmely General Hospital located in the southern district – Babylon province-Iraq, during the period ; from the January, first,2017 through theend of March, 2018.Special constructed were prepared to collect data through interview of victims or their companions who attended the emergency section during this period,ethical clearances were obtained.*A total of 320 children presented to the hospital with dog bite injuries.The incidence rate of dog bites was 275 per 100000 population, the male to female ratio was 3:1.the most common dog bite injuries took place in September44 (13.75%). Injury rates were highest in those aged 0-4,declining thereafter with age. In the 6-10, year age group141 (44.1%), most of cases living in rural district (villages). The most affected location were lower limbs, only 3.4% of the injured children had completed the post exposure anti rabies vaccine. Dog bites are common health problem among children,Children who are younger than 10 years represent the high-risk group for dog attacks. very few of them had complete the prophylactic post exposure vaccine Therefore, prevention strategies should focus on public education,training health care providers and controlling stray dogs.

Barriers to Help Seeking among Victims of Elder Abuse: A Scoping Review and Implications for Public Health Policy in Canada

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jessica K. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
Effective Assessment

Abstract Elder abuse is a serious public health concern requiring immediate intervention; however, the under-reporting of elder abuse by victims to formal and informal networks remains a major obstacle. This scoping review aims to identify barriers to help seeking that older adults experiencing abuse confront. The goal is to inform public policies and practices in the Canadian context and identify research gaps in the extant literature. Seven scholarly databases were searched from which 12 articles met the inclusion criteria and were extracted for analysis. The findings from this scoping review revealed three levels at which barriers exist: individual focused, abuser/family focused, and community/culture focused barriers. The results suggest that there are several complex obstacles that older adults face when contemplating disclosure of abuse. Future research into help seeking in the Canadian context should more readily incorporate the voices of elder abuse victim-survivors to develop effective assessment strategies and responsive service provisions.

Insomnias

2012 ◽  
pp. 933-938
Author(s):  
Colin A. Espie ◽  
Delwyn J. Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Evidence Based

Most people's experiences of poor sleep are memorable, because sleeplessness and its daytime consequences are unpleasant. There are those, however, for whom insomnia is the norm. Persistent and severe sleep disturbance affects at least one in 10 adults and one in five older adults, thus representing a considerable public health concern. Sleep disruption is central to a number of medical and psychiatric disorders, and insomnia is usually treated by general practitioners. Therefore differential diagnosis is important, and respiratory physicians, neurologists, psychiatrists, and clinical psychologists need to be involved. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize current understanding of the insomnias, their appraisal, and treatment. Particular emphasis will be placed upon evidence-based practical management.

scholarly journals The changing epidemiology of dog bite injuries in the United States, 2005–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Tuckel ◽  
William Milczarski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Bite Injuries

Abstract Background In 2018, the most recent year for which data are available, dog bites ranked as the 13th leading cause of nonfatal emergency department visits in the United States. As dog ownership spirals upwards in the United States, it is important to continue to monitor the epidemiology of dog bite injuries. This study provides contemporary data on the incidence of dog bites injuries in the United States and in New York and profiles individuals who have been treated for dog bites in emergency departments. The study also examines the demographic correlates of the rate of injuries at the neighborhood level in New York City and maps the rate in each neighborhood. Methods At the national level, the study examines longitudinal data on dog bite injuries from 2005 to 2018 gathered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For New York, the study analyzes data for 2005–2018 collected by the New York State Department of Health. A negative binomial regression analysis was performed on the state data to measure the simultaneous effects of demographic variables on the incidence of dog-related injuries. A thematically shaded map of the rate of dog bite injuries in New York City’s neighborhoods was created to identify neighborhoods with higher-than-average concentration of injuries. Results In both the United States and New York the rate of dog-bite injuries increased from 2005 to 2011 and then underwent a significant decline. Injuries due to dog bites, however, still remain a sizable public health problem. Injuries are more prevalent among school-age children, inhabitants of less-densely populated areas, and residents of poorer neighborhoods. In New York City, poorer neighborhoods are also associated with fewer dogs being spayed or neutered. Conclusions To reduce the rate of dog bite injuries, prevention programs – particularly those which center on teaching the dangers of canine interactions with humans – should be targeted at children. Dog bite injuries tend to be clustered in identifiable neighborhoods. Dog bite prevention programs and stricter enforcement of dog laws can target these neighborhoods.

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