scholarly journals Ileal Digestibility and Total Tract Retention of Phosphorus in Inorganic Phosphates Fed to Broiler Chickens Using the Direct Method

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2167
Author(s):  
Su Hyun An ◽  
Jung Yeol Sung ◽  
Changsu Kong
Keyword(s):  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
P Loss ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
Phosphate Treatment ◽  
Inorganic Phosphates

The objective of this study was to determine and compare the phosphorus (P) utilization of inorganic phosphates fed to broiler chickens using the direct method. On day 15 of age, six hundred forty 15-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens (initial body weight = 399 ± 38 g) were assigned to five experimental diets with 16 birds per cage in a randomized complete block design. The experimental diets consisted of four semi-purified diets containing monocalcium phosphate, monodicalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, and tricalcium phosphate as the sole P sources. Additionally, a P-free diet was prepared to measure basal endogenous P loss. Chromic oxide was added to the experimental diets as an indigestible index. Excreta were collected per cage on days 17 to 18 of age, and all birds were asphyxiated with carbon dioxide on day 19 of age for ileal digesta collection. The cage was an experimental unit, and the number of replications per each treatment was eight except for the tricalcium phosphate treatment (n = 4). There was no interaction observed between the P source and the collection site (ileal digestibility vs. total tract retention). Phosphorus utilization differed (p < 0.05) among inorganic phosphates and the ileal digestibility of P was greater (p < 0.05) than the total tract retention. In conclusion, the standardized ileal digestibility of P in inorganic phosphates ranged from 56.7% to 89.8% and ileal digestibility was greater than the total tract retention.

scholarly journals Digestible lysine and organic zinc for male broiler from 1 to 11 days of age: performance and body composition

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-608
Author(s):  
Messias Alves da Trindade Neto ◽  
Lilian Bernadete Namazu ◽  
Estela Kobashigawa ◽  
Paula Takeara ◽  
Daniella Carolina Zanardo Donato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Organic Zinc ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy

This study evaluated levels of digestible lysine and organic zinc for male Ross strain broilers from 1 to 11 days of age. It was used 1,050 chicks distributed in randomized block design, in 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with seven repetitions of 15 birds per experimental unit. The dietary concentrations of digestible lysine were 0.90; 1.00; 1.10; 1.20; and 1.40% combined with 43 and 253 ppm zinc chelate. The diets contained 2,965 ± 18 kcal/kg of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and 21.48 ± 0.18% of CP. It was determined chemical composition, protein, lipid, mineral and water depositions on carcass and empty body. There was no interaction among the factors digestible lysine and organic zinc. Effect of zinc concentration increase was observed on greatest deposition of body fat, indicating that there is interference in lipid metabolism of the birds in the studied phase. The most pronounced effects resulted from the dietary inclusion of lysine. There was a linear effect on reconstituted body weight as a response to the increase of dietary lysine, which suggests equal or superior requirement to the greatest studied level. However, the deposition of water and protein on the carcass had a quadratic increase, characterizing higher muscle mass accumulation up to the levels 1.25 and 1.27 of this amino acid in the diet. Considering the studied strain, broiler chickens from the first to the 11th days of age require 1.28 ± 0.01% of digestible lysine, according to the deposition of muscle mass.

scholarly journals 181 Evaluation of feeding arginine in gestation and lactation on sow and litter performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 105-105
Author(s):  
Robyn Thompson ◽  
Cathy Boessen ◽  
Brandon Knopf ◽  
Laura Greiner ◽  
Keith D Haydon
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Sow Reproduction ◽  
Mortality Percentage ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Two hundred sows (Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) at d 35 post-breeding were enrolled into one of four treatments to assess the required arginine level for sow reproduction. For gilts, the grams of arginine and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) per treatment consisted of: 102 g/0.69% (T1), 107 g/0.73% (T2), 112 g/0.77% (T3), and 121 g/0.83% (T4). For sows, grams of arginine and SID per treatment consisted of: 102 g/0.69% (T1), 107 g/0.73% (T2), 111 g/0.76% (T3), and 119 g/0.81% (T4). The lactation grams of arginine SID per treatment consisted of: 168 g/1.14% (T1), 176 g/1.20% (T2), 186 g/1.27% (T3), and 201 g/1.37% (T4). All diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC. Sows were weighed farrowing and weaning weights, daily feed intake, and individual piglet and litter weights were collected. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with parity as the block using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS with the sow being the experimental unit. The feeding of different levels of SID arginine did not affect (P > 0.05) sow average daily feed intake, wean-to-estrus interval, or stillborn percent. Increasing SID arginine resulted in a linear increase (P = 0.04) in sow weaning weights (-4.41, -3.44, -4.40, and 0.61). Increasing SID arginine resulted in a tendency for a linear decrease in percent bred (100.00, 100.00, 100.00, 95.83, P = 0.06) and pre 48-hr mortality (7.58, 5.12, 4.35, 5.86, P = 0.10). Increasing levels of SID arginine resulted in no differences in piglet growth characteristics or removal or mortality percentage. Overall, the feeding of increasing levels of SID arginine resulted in improved sow weight at the time of weaning.

scholarly journals Additivity of Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility in Diets Containing Corn, Soybean Meal, and Corn Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles for Male Broilers

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Hyun An ◽  
Jung Yeol Sung ◽  
Hwan-Ku Kang ◽  
Changsu Kong
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Corn Distillers

The aim was to test additivity of apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AAs) in mixed diets for Ross 308 broiler chickens. Two hundred and eighty-eight, 20-d-old male broiler chickens were assigned to one of six diets, with six birds per cage using a randomized complete block design. The diets consisted of a nitrogen-free diet, three diets containing corn, soybean meal (SBM), and corn distillers dried grains with solubles (CDDGS) as the sole source of nitrogen, respectively, and two mixed diets containing corn, SBM or CDDGS. Chromic oxide was added to the diets as an indigestible index. On day 24, birds were euthanized for ileal digesta collection. Relative proportion of the basal endogenous loss of AAs to total ileal outflow of AAs in corn was greater (p < 0.05) than that of SBM and CDDGS. For the corn-SBM and corn-SBM-CDDGS mixed diets, the AID of AAs differed (p < 0.05) from the predicted values. No difference was observed between the measured and predicted SID of AA. In conclusion, the SID of AAs is more additive in mixed diets containing corn, SBM, or CDDGS compared to AID values.

scholarly journals 130 Comparison of amino acid digestibility in fish meal, porcine plasma, porcine red blood cell, and blood meal between broiler chickens and young pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 112-113
Author(s):  
Chan Sol Park ◽  
Victor Naranjo ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ileal Digestibility

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in fish meal (FM), porcine plasma (PP), porcine red blood cell (RBC), and blood meal (BM) between broiler chickens and pigs. Five diets were prepared for both species including 4 diets containing test ingredients and a nitrogen-free diet. In Exp. 1, 416 male broiler chickens (initial BW = 705 ± 100.0 g) at d 18 post hatching were assigned to diets in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor. After 5 d of feeding, birds were euthanized for collection of ileal digesta. In Exp. 2, 10 barrows (initial BW = 22.1 ± 1.54 kg) surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum were allotted to duplicate 5 × 4 incomplete Latin square design with 5 diets and 4 periods. Each experimental period consisted of 5-d adaptation and 2-d ileal digesta collection periods. Data for Exp. 1 and 2 were considered together as a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with the effects of species (i.e., broiler chickens and pigs) and four diets (i.e., FM, PP, RBC, and BM). There were interactions (P &lt; 0.05) between species and diets on the SID of AA except for Pro. The SID of Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp in FM, PP, and RBC for broiler chickens were not different from values for pigs; however, the SID of respective AA in BM for broiler chickens were less than values for pigs. The SID of indispensable AA in BM were less than in FM, PP, or RBC within each species, but the SID of indispensable AA in BM for broiler chickens was less than values for pigs. In conclusion, utilization of AA in animal protein ingredients containing high concentration of CP varies between broiler chickens and pigs.

scholarly journals 118 Digestibility of amino acids in hydrolyzed feather meal, flash dried poultry protein, poultry meal, and meat and bone meal fed to broiler chickens and pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
Chan Sol Park ◽  
Victor Naranjo ◽  
Ariane Helmbrecht ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Feather Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM), flash dried poultry protein (FDPP), poultry meal (PM), and meat and bone meal (MBM) fed to broiler chickens and pigs. Four semi-purified diets and a nitrogen-free diet were prepared. Exp. 1 was conducted with 416 male broiler chickens (initial body weight [BW] = 705 ± 100.0 g) at d 18 post-hatching in a randomized complete block design. Birds were fed diets for 5 d and then euthanized to collect ileal digesta. In Exp. 2, ten barrows (initial BW = 22.1 ± 1.59 kg) surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum were assigned to duplicate 5 × 4 incomplete Latin square design with 5 diets and 4 periods. There were 5-d adaptation and 2-d ileal digesta collection periods in each experimental period. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with the effects of species (i.e., broiler chickens and pigs) and four experimental diets. There were interactions (P < 0.05) in the SID of His, Lys, Thr, Trp, and Val between diets and species. In broiler chickens, the SID of Lys in MBM was greater (P < 0.05) than HFM and FDPP but was not different from PM. Pigs fed MBM had greater (P < 0.05) SID of Lys than HFM, FDPP, and PM. In broiler chickens, the SID of His, Thr, and Trp in FDPP and PM were greater (P < 0.05) than HFM but was less (P < 0.05) than MBM. In pigs, the SID of His, Thr, and Trp in FDPP and PM were greater (P < 0.05) than HFM but was not different from MBM. In conclusion, differences in the SID of AA among animal protein sources were affected by species of monogastric animals.

96 Nutrient Digestibility of Toasted Soybean Meal and Untoasted Soybean Meal Extruded at Different Temperatures by Weanling Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 50-50
Author(s):  
Natália C Milani ◽  
Vinicius R C Paula ◽  
Cândida P F Azevedo ◽  
Anderson A Sedano ◽  
Hélio Moreira Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Temperatures

Abstract The apparent and standardized ileal digestibility (AID and SID) of AA and CP and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of toasted soybean meal (SBM) and untoasted soybean meal (USM) extruded at 86°C (USM86), 120°C (USM120) and 149°C (USM149) were evaluated. USM was extruded mixed with corn starch (396.5g/kg USM and 603.5g/kg corn starch) in a single-screw extruder (MEX 250, Manzoni, Campinas, Brazil). Thirty-six barrows (7.69±0.89 kg BW) were fed a N-free diet, or four diets composed of 30% of each ingredient, as the only source of N, substituting for starch in N-free diet. Pigs were fed at 2.8 x maintenance (2.8 x 106 kcal digestible energy/kg BW0.75) for 10 days (5 d adaptation, 5 d feces collection), and on day 11 piglets were euthanized for ileal digesta collection. A randomized block design was used, with 8 replicates, using the pig as the experimental unit. ANOVA was performed and means were separated using Tukey test (5%). Increasing extrusion temperatures reduced trypsin inhibitors concentrations from 28.24 in USM to 3.51, 1.37, and 1.12 mg/g CP in USM86, USM122, and USM137, respectively, and 2.37 mg/g CP was found in SBM. USM86 showed lower (P &lt; 0.05) ATTD of DM (8–13%), GE (2–4%), and CP (12–16%) compared to SBM, USM120 and USM149, which did not differ (P &gt;0.05). The ATTD of EE of SBM was 17–19% higher (P &lt; 0.05) than of USM86 and USM120, which were similar (P &gt; 0.05) to each other and greater (P &lt; 0.05) than that of USM149. Extrusion at 86oC was insufficient to inactivate anti-nutritional factors and resulted in reductions (P &lt; 0.05) of 25–29% and 27–31% in CP and AA AID and SID compared to SBM, USM120, and USM149, which were, in general, similar (P &gt; 0.05). Soybean meal extruded at 120 and 139°C presented a similar nutritional value to toasted soybean meal.

scholarly journals Comparative amino acid digestibility between broiler chickens and pigs fed different poultry by-products and meat and bone meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Sol Park ◽  
Victor Daniel Naranjo ◽  
John Kyaw Htoo ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
By Products

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in 3 poultry by-products including hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM), flash dried poultry protein (FDPP), and poultry meal (PM) and also a meat and bone meal (MBM) between broiler chickens and pigs. Experimental diets consisted of 4 diets containing each test ingredient as a sole source of nitrogen and a nitrogen-free diet. In experiment 1, 416 male broiler chickens with a mean initial body weight (BW) of 705 ± 100 g were allotted to 5 diets with 8 replicate cages per diet in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor at day 18 posthatching. After 5 d of feeding experimental diets, birds were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation, and ileal digesta samples were collected from distal two-thirds of the ileum. In experiment 2, 10 barrows with a mean initial BW of 22.1 ± 1.59 kg were surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to a duplicate 5 × 4 incomplete Latin Square design with 5 diets and 4 periods. Each period lasted for 7 d including 5 d of adaptation and 2 d of ileal digesta collection. Data from experiments 1 and 2 were pooled together and analyzed as a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with the effects of species (broiler chickens or pigs) and 4 experimental diets (HFM, FDPP, PM, or MBM). There were interactions (P &lt; 0.05) between experimental diets and species in the SID of His, Lys, Thr, Trp, Val, and all dispensable AA except Tyr. In broiler chickens, the SID of Lys in FDPP (73.3%) was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than in HFM (55.7%) but was lower (P &lt; 0.05) than in MBM (86.5%), which was not different from PM (78.7%). In pigs, however, the SID of Lys in FDPP and PM (70.0 and 70.1%, respectively) were greater (P &lt; 0.05) than in HFM (39.0%) but were lower (P &lt; 0.05) than in MBM (79.2%). Broiler chickens fed FDPP and PM had lower (P &lt; 0.05) SID of His, Thr, and Trp than those fed MBM; however, there was no difference in the SID of His, Thr, or Trp among pigs fed FDPP, PM, or MBM. The SID of Val in MBM was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than in the other test ingredients for broiler chickens, but there was no difference in the SID of Val among test ingredients for pigs. Pigs had greater (P &lt; 0.05) SID of Ile and Met than broiler chickens. In conclusion, the pattern of differences in the SID of His, Lys, Thr, Trp, and Val, but not the other indispensable AA, among poultry by-products and MBM were different between broiler chickens and pigs.

Comparison of Corn Ethanol Co-products from Brazil and USA Apparent and Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Vinicius R C Paula ◽  
Natália C Milani ◽  
Cândida P F Azevedo ◽  
Leury J Souza ◽  
Anderson A Sedano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Corn Distillers

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the apparent and standardized ileal digestibility (AID and SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) of a corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from USA (UDG), a corn bran with solubles from Brazil (CBS) and high protein corn distillers dried grains from USA and Brazil (UHP and BHP), in growing pigs. Fifty crossbred barrows (46.2±5.3kg) were fed a semi-purified N-free diet, used to determine endogenous N losses, or four diets composed of 40% of each ingredient, as the only source of N, substituting for cornstarch in N-free diet. Animals were fed at 2.8 x maintenance (110 kcal of DE per kg of BW0.75) for 9 d and on the 10th d were euthanized for ileal digesta collection. TiO2 was used as an indigestible marker (0.3%) for digestibility calculations. A randomized block design was used, with 10 replicates, using the pig as the experimental unit, and results submitted to orthogonal contrast test. The CBS, UDG, BHP and UHP contained (as-fed basis) 13.9, 25.8, 42.9 and 34.9% CP; 9.0, 6.4, 10.3 and 7.3% EE; 40.8, 40.2, 32.7 and 47.5% NDF; 4.51, 4.53, 5.30 and 4.90 Mcal/kg GE; and 0.40, 0.73, 1.37 and 1.00% Lys, respectively. The AID of CP, Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Thr and Val; and the SID of His, Leu, Lys, and Val of BHP were 8 to 36% greater (P &lt; 0.05) than those from UHP. The AID of CP, Arg, Ileu, Leu, Phe, Thr, and Trp; and SID of CP, Arg, Phe, and Thr of UDG were 9 to 45% greater (P &lt; 0.05) than those of CBS. In conclusion, BHP had a greater digestibility of most AA than UHP, while the CBS evaluated had lower nutritional value than the UDG source.

PSV-22 Nutrient Digestibility of Deactivated Soybean and Soybean Extruded at Different Temperatures by Weanling Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 189-190
Author(s):  
Natália C Milani ◽  
Vinicius R C Paula ◽  
Cândida P F Azevedo ◽  
Anderson A Sedano ◽  
Hélio Moreira Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Temperatures

Abstract The apparent and standardized ileal digestibility (AID and SID) of AA and CP and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, GE, CP, NDF, and ADF of deactivated soybean (DS) and raw soybean (RS) extruded at 82°C (RS82), 122°C (RS122) and 137°C (RS137) were evaluated. RS was extruded mixed with corn starch (396.5g/kg RS and 603.5g/kg corn starch) in a single-screw extruder (MEX 250, Manzoni, Campinas, Brazil). Thirty-six barrows (7.26±0.94 kg BW) were fed a nitrogen free (N-free) diet, or four diets composed of 30% of each ingredient, as the only source of N, substituting for starch in N-free diet. Pigs were fed at 2.8 x maintenance (2.8 x 106 kcal digestible energy/kg BW0.75) for 10 days (5 d adaptation and 5 d feces collection), and on day 11 piglets were euthanized for ileal digesta collection. A randomized block design was used, with 8 replicates, using the pig as the experimental unit. ANOVA was performed and means were separated using Tukey test (5%). Increasing extrusion temperatures reduced trypsin inhibitors concentrations, from 29.47 in RS to 4.92, 2.24, and 1.48 mg/g CP in RS82, RS122, and RS137, respectively, and 1.39 mg/g CP was verified in DS. The AID and SID of CP and AA, as the ATTD of CP of RS122, RS137 and DS were similar (P &gt;0.05), but 10–62% greater (P&lt; 0.05) than of RS82. The ATTD of GE in RS122 was 3–4% higher (P&lt; 0.05) compared to DS and RS82. RS82 and RS122 showed ATTD of EE 12–16% higher (P&lt; 0.05) than DS. The ATTD of GE and EE of RS137 were similar (P &gt;0.05) to the others ingredients. No effects (P &gt;0.05) on ATTD of NDF and ADF were observed. Extruding soybean at 122oC improved CP, AA, and GE digestibility in young pigs, whereas extrusion at 82oC did not inactivated soybean antinutritional factors.

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