A Genetic Window on Sardinian Native Horse Breeds through Uniparental Molecular Systems

In the modern world, energetic base materials, and especially petroleum connections, with their hubs, streams and directions, are much closer than economic ties. The history of relationship between oil-producing countries and the leading powers of the West became especially vivid during the Arab-Israeli wars of 1967 and 1973. The attempts of "petroleum weapon" employment in 1967, under the weight of radical Arab regimes and local population against the U.S. and West-European countries (Israel's allies), failed owing to a two-faced position of Saudi Arabia and other oil-producing Arab countries. During the Arab-Israeli war of 1973, the "petroleum weapon" had more serious consequences for the West. For once the Arabs were acting more in concert. Oil-importing countries realized their economic exposure. For the first time the Arab countries started to determine their oil output level and control its price assessment. In this way, the war of 1973 and its consequences created the new phenomenon: the oil prices dynamics came to be integrated with politics in the Middle East.

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XIII.—Further Facts in the History of the Early Discovery of Australia

Archaeologia ◽

10.1017/s0261340900006718 ◽

1874 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 233-241

Author(s):

Richard Henry Major

Keyword(s):

British Museum ◽

The West ◽

Gold Mines ◽

Good Fortune ◽

Special Commission ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

Cape York ◽

First Time

In the year 1861 I had the satisfaction of laying before the Society of Antiquaries, and thereby making known to the world for the first time, the important fact that the great continental island of Australia had been discovered in the year 1601 by a Portuguese navigator, named Manoel Godinho de Eredia. Up to that time the earliest authenticated discovery of any part of the great southern land was that made a little to the west and south of Cape York by the commander of the Dutch yacht the Duyfhen, or Dove, about the month of March 1606. Thus the fact which I announced in 1861 gave a date to the first authenticated discovery of Australia earlier by five years than that which had been previously accepted in history, and transferred the honour of that discovery from Holland to Portugal. The document on which this fact, so entirely new to the world, was based, was a MS. Mappe-monde in the British Museum, in which, on the northwest corner of a country which could be shown beyond all question to be Australia, stood a legend in Portuguese to the following effect:— “Nuça antara was discovered in the year 1601 by Manoel Godinho de Eredia, by command of the Viceroy Ayres de Saldanha.” This mappe-monde had the great disadvantage of being only a copy, possibly made even in the present century, from one the geography of which proved it to be some two centuries older. Still, the mere fact of its being a copy laid it open to a variety of possible objections, which fortunately I was able to forestall by arguments that I believe to be unanswerable, and which I think I need not repeat now, as they are already printed in the “Archaeologia,” vol. xxxviii. I will merely say that I had the good fortune at the time to find a happy confirmation of what was stated in the map in a little printed work which described the discoverer as a learned cosmographer and skilful captain, who had received a special commission from the Viceroy at Goa to make explorations for gold mines, and at the same time to verify the descriptions of the southern islands.

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In the garden of the world

10.36253/978-88-5518-033-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Miriam Castorina

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

The West ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

Journey To The West ◽

First Time ◽

Shed Light

In the garden of the world. Italy to a young 19th century Chinese traveler. On September 14th, 1859, at the first light of dawn, a young Chinese traveler named Guo Liancheng 郭連城 (1839-1866) landed in Civitavecchia, Italy, after a long journey of overland travel and months of navigation. Coming from a small village far from the capital, he was only 20 years old and was in the company of an Italian priest, Luigi Celestino Spelta. Guo was not the first Chinese man to visit Europe but before leaving, he decided to keep a daily journal of his experience, published soon after his return with the title of Xiyou bilüe西游筆略 (Brief Account of the Journey to the West). This book presents for the first time the story of Guo Liancheng, exploring a still little-known aspect of the history of the contacts between Italy and China. Following the pages of Guo Liancheng’s journal, the author tries to shed light on its contents and features and to analyze the image of Italy described in the pages of Brief account of the Journey to the West, the earliest firsthand account on the Bel Paese ever published in China.

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A Skipper, Thymelicus lineola (Ochs.) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) and its Parasites in Ontario

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent941082-10 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 94 (10) ◽

pp. 1082-1089 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A. P. Arthur

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Present Author ◽

The West ◽

West Side ◽

Southern Ontario ◽

First Report ◽

History Of ◽

Lake Simcoe ◽

First Time ◽

Extensive Damage

The European, or Essex skipper, Thymelicus (= Adopaea) lineola (Ochs.), was accidentally introduced into North America at London, Ontario, sometime before 1910 (Saunders, 1916). The history of its subsequent spread through southern Ontario and adjoining parts of Michigan and Ohio was reviewed by Pengelly (1961), who received the first report of extensive damage to hay and pasture crops by this insect in Ontario from the Markdale area of Grey County in 1956. A survey in 1958 (Pengelly, 1961) showed that the skipper “appeared to be present throughout the southern part of the province except for the Bruce peninsula and possibly the Windsor area. The northeasterly boundary appeared to he along a line from Midland, south around the west side of Lake Simcoe, east to Lindsay and south to Whitby.” The present author collected T. lineola larvae from the Belleville area for the first time in 1959.

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The Sense of the Horizon

Philosophy ◽

10.1017/s0031819100032964 ◽

1933 ◽

Vol 8 (31) ◽

pp. 301-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Delisle Burns

Keyword(s):

Middle Ages ◽

The Other ◽

Western Civilization ◽

The West ◽

Other Hand ◽

History Of ◽

New Form ◽

First Time ◽

The Middle Ages

Not for the first time in the history of our tradition, we are conscious of the defects of our inheritance and look doubtfully forward to a future whose structure we can hardly surmise. There was a Decline of the West in the first years of our era and again at the close of the Middle Ages. Now once more the beliefs and customs are shaken, on which our tradition is based; and there is no certainty that we shall carry forward what that tradition has so far achieved into a new form of civilized life. But, on the other hand, there is no reason to suppose that Western Civilization will disappear.

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Tren-Tren Wacana Studi Al-Qur’an dalam Pandangan Orientalis di Barat

Nun : Jurnal Studi Alquran dan Tafsir di Nusantara ◽

10.32495/nun.v4i1.35 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Muhammad Anshori

Keyword(s):

Critical Study ◽

Christian Tradition ◽

The West ◽

Critical Studies ◽

History Of ◽

First Time ◽

Muslim Scholars

This paper discusses about the history or trend of the Qur’anic studies in the West in general which is still developing until now. There are three focuses of discussion in this paper, namely the history of the translation of the Qur›an, Jewish-Christian Influences on the Qur›an, and a critical study of the Qur›an. Before discussing this matter, this paper also discusses a little about Mushaf ‘Usmānī or what is now called the Qur›an. The beginning of the study of the Qur›an in the West began with translation and later developed into a critical study of the Qur›an itself. The first translation of the Qur’an was carried out by Peter the Venerable and Abbot of Cluny in Latin. This translation was later refined by Robert of Ketton in 1143. After being translated, it was only published for the first time in 1543 AD. After the translation of this translation, it was later followed by other translations in various languages. The study of the Qur’an began to draw attention in the West when Theodor Nӧldeke wrote a book on the history of the Qur’an (Geschichte des Qorāns/Tārīkh al-Qur’ān, The History of The Qur›an). Some Western scholars said that the Qur›an has been influenced by the Judeo-Christian tradition and thus has some similarities. Some Western scholars also conduct critical studies of the Qur’an, some even want to make another version of the Qur’an. The views of Western scholars who are «eccentric» have been denied by Muslim scholars themselves. It can be said that this paper discusses the Orientalist views of the Qur›an.

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The Pliocene-Pleistocene Development, Uplift and Emergence History of the Manawatu Strait, New Zealand

10.26686/wgtn.17065340.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Aidan Milner

Keyword(s):

West Coast ◽

Sedimentary Rocks ◽

Depositional Environments ◽

The West ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Rock Formations ◽

History Of ◽

Age Range ◽

First Time ◽

Insight Into

<p>The Manawatu Saddle is located within the structural and topographical low separating the Ruahine and Tararua axial ranges of the lower North Island. Pliocene-Pleistocene sedimentary rocks unconformably drape over Cretaceous aged basement rock in the structural low and record the existence of a paleo seaway known as the Manawatu Strait, which connected the West Coast (Whanganui Basin) to the East Coast (Ruataniwha Strait). The sedimentary sequence shows a succession of alternating marine and terrestrial units recording the development of the Manawatu Strait. These sedimentary rock formations range in age from Opoitian to Castlecliffian. This study investigates the stratigraphy, lithofacies and resulting geological history of the Manawatu Strait spanning the development, uplift and final emergence history of the strait. Five key measured sections were constructed to take advantage of new outcrop exposure allowed detailed descriptions of the Manawatu Saddle geology to be presented. Four formations are identified and the formation boundary overlaps between past authors is constrained based on field observations. The age range for each formation is also constrained. Based on these results for the first time a detailed lithofacies scheme is applied to the sedimentary rocks within the Manawatu Saddle to understand the changing depositional environments within the Manawatu Strait throughout its development and uplift. A series of 3D schematic paleogeographic figures are presented showing the depositional environments within the Manawatu Strait, at key time intervals. Results highlighted by this thesis show four major formations within the Manawatu Saddle. The oldest formation, the Mangatoro Formation (Opoitian), records the initial formation of the Manawatu Strait attributed to a regional subsidence event known as the Tangahoe pull down event. The Mangatoro Formation also shows sedimentary deposited during peak marine transgression within the Manawatu Strait. The Te Aute Formation (Waipipian-Mangapanian) provides an insight into the uplift timing of the axial ranges and the resulting effect on the Manawatu Strait. The Kumeroa Formation (Nukumaruan) shows the influence of eustatic sea level change in the Manawatu Saddle. The youngest formation within the Manawatu Saddle is the Mangatarata Formation (Castlecliffian), and marks the final uplift and emergence of the Manawatu Strait, indicated by the presence of marginal marine lithofacies this also marks the final separation of the West Coast (Rauataniwha Strait) and West Coast (Whanganui Basin).</p>

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The Pliocene-Pleistocene Development, Uplift and Emergence History of the Manawatu Strait, New Zealand

10.26686/wgtn.17065340 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Aidan Milner

Keyword(s):

West Coast ◽

Sedimentary Rocks ◽

Depositional Environments ◽

The West ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Rock Formations ◽

History Of ◽

Age Range ◽

First Time ◽

Insight Into

<p>The Manawatu Saddle is located within the structural and topographical low separating the Ruahine and Tararua axial ranges of the lower North Island. Pliocene-Pleistocene sedimentary rocks unconformably drape over Cretaceous aged basement rock in the structural low and record the existence of a paleo seaway known as the Manawatu Strait, which connected the West Coast (Whanganui Basin) to the East Coast (Ruataniwha Strait). The sedimentary sequence shows a succession of alternating marine and terrestrial units recording the development of the Manawatu Strait. These sedimentary rock formations range in age from Opoitian to Castlecliffian. This study investigates the stratigraphy, lithofacies and resulting geological history of the Manawatu Strait spanning the development, uplift and final emergence history of the strait. Five key measured sections were constructed to take advantage of new outcrop exposure allowed detailed descriptions of the Manawatu Saddle geology to be presented. Four formations are identified and the formation boundary overlaps between past authors is constrained based on field observations. The age range for each formation is also constrained. Based on these results for the first time a detailed lithofacies scheme is applied to the sedimentary rocks within the Manawatu Saddle to understand the changing depositional environments within the Manawatu Strait throughout its development and uplift. A series of 3D schematic paleogeographic figures are presented showing the depositional environments within the Manawatu Strait, at key time intervals. Results highlighted by this thesis show four major formations within the Manawatu Saddle. The oldest formation, the Mangatoro Formation (Opoitian), records the initial formation of the Manawatu Strait attributed to a regional subsidence event known as the Tangahoe pull down event. The Mangatoro Formation also shows sedimentary deposited during peak marine transgression within the Manawatu Strait. The Te Aute Formation (Waipipian-Mangapanian) provides an insight into the uplift timing of the axial ranges and the resulting effect on the Manawatu Strait. The Kumeroa Formation (Nukumaruan) shows the influence of eustatic sea level change in the Manawatu Saddle. The youngest formation within the Manawatu Saddle is the Mangatarata Formation (Castlecliffian), and marks the final uplift and emergence of the Manawatu Strait, indicated by the presence of marginal marine lithofacies this also marks the final separation of the West Coast (Rauataniwha Strait) and West Coast (Whanganui Basin).</p>

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Bridging East and West

10.1093/oso/9780199489046.001.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Intellectual History ◽

Contemporary History ◽

Cultural Hegemony ◽

The West ◽

Rabindranath Tagore ◽

Alternative Discourse ◽

Differences Of Opinion ◽

History Of ◽

New Space ◽

First Time

This amazing inter-cultural correspondence (1919–1940) between two cultural icons of the twentieth century—Nobel laureates from the East and the West: the Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) and the French novelist, playwright and biographer Romain Rolland (1866–1944)—had remained undiscovered for far too long. Published for the first time in English, these letters and telegrams are among the finest exchanges of thought between the East and the West, and script the intellectual history of that period. It is also the story of a profound friendship, where Tagore and Rolland unlock their hearts to each other. The book also records the differences of opinion and misunderstandings between the two outstanding humanists of contemporary history, who often felt isolated in their own countries, on serious issues like Gandhi and fascism. This majestic and serene correspondence, comprising 46 letters and telegrams, along with three dialogues between the two at various times, as well as letters by Rathindranath Tagore and others, is a journey towards the imaging of a different world which would create the possibility of a new space outside cultural hegemony. Edited and annotated by one of India’s foremost French scholars, it is one of the most important quests for an alternative discourse in the last century.

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The oldest sigmodontine rodent revisited and the age of the first South American cricetids

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1017/jpa.2018.74 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 368-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Franck Barbière ◽

Pablo E. Ortiz ◽

Ulyses F.J. Pardiñas

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

New Genus ◽

Cranial Morphology ◽

South American ◽

Early Pliocene ◽

Molecular Approaches ◽

Fossil Material ◽

History Of ◽

New Interpretation ◽

First Time

AbstractNew fossil material ofAuliscomys formosusReig 1978 allows restudy of the oldest known South American representative of the subfamily Sigmodontinae. Description ofAuliscomys formosuswas based on a fragmentary dentary exhumed from the Monte Hermoso Formation of central Argentina. Previous studies allocatedA. formosusto the early Pliocene. A reevaluation of dental and cranial morphology, including for the first time the upper dentition, and the inclusion ofA. formosusin a phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Phyllotini indicate thatA. formosusrepresents a new genus,Kraglievichimys.Kraglievichimysshares a mosaic of characters with the livingAuliscomysOsgood, 1915 andLoxodontomysOsgood, 1947. The taxonomic reassignment ofA. formosusand the possibility that the Monte Hermoso Formation may be younger than early Pliocene in age provide a new understanding of cricetid diversification in South America. Estimates of sigmodontine ancestry by molecular approaches are biased toward older ages, whereas this new interpretation of the history ofK. formosussuggests that the South American history of sigmodontines spans less than 4 million years.UUID:http://zoobank.org/49dd8f60-56b1-4e8a-a044-6cea3a1bd52b

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