The oldest sigmodontine rodent revisited and the age of the first South American cricetids

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Barbière ◽  
Pablo E. Ortiz ◽  
Ulyses F.J. Pardiñas
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Cranial Morphology ◽  
South American ◽  
Early Pliocene ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Fossil Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
First Time

AbstractNew fossil material ofAuliscomys formosusReig 1978 allows restudy of the oldest known South American representative of the subfamily Sigmodontinae. Description ofAuliscomys formosuswas based on a fragmentary dentary exhumed from the Monte Hermoso Formation of central Argentina. Previous studies allocatedA. formosusto the early Pliocene. A reevaluation of dental and cranial morphology, including for the first time the upper dentition, and the inclusion ofA. formosusin a phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Phyllotini indicate thatA. formosusrepresents a new genus,Kraglievichimys.Kraglievichimysshares a mosaic of characters with the livingAuliscomysOsgood, 1915 andLoxodontomysOsgood, 1947. The taxonomic reassignment ofA. formosusand the possibility that the Monte Hermoso Formation may be younger than early Pliocene in age provide a new understanding of cricetid diversification in South America. Estimates of sigmodontine ancestry by molecular approaches are biased toward older ages, whereas this new interpretation of the history ofK. formosussuggests that the South American history of sigmodontines spans less than 4 million years.UUID:http://zoobank.org/49dd8f60-56b1-4e8a-a044-6cea3a1bd52b

A review of the non-lyctine powder-post beetles of Yunnan (China) with a new genus and new species (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 5091 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-545
Author(s):  
YI-FENG ZHANG ◽  
LING-ZENG MENG ◽  
ROGER A. BEAVER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Yunnan Region ◽  
Palearctic Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The powder post beetles (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) (except Lyctinae) of Yunnan Province in Southwest China are reviewed for the first time. Keys to twenty-six genera and fifty-two species from the Yunnan region are provided. One new genus and seven new species are described: Dinoderus (Dinoderastes) hongheensis sp. nov., Dinoderus (Dinoderastes) nanxiheensis sp. nov., Gracilenta yingjiangensis gen. nov., sp. nov., Calonistes vittatus sp. nov., Calophagus colombiana sp. nov., Xylodrypta guochuanii sp. nov. and Xylodrypta zhenghei sp. nov.. Fourteen species are recorded in China for the first time. The bostrichid fauna of Yunnan is compared with those of the neighbouring bio-geographically related Southeast Asian and Himalayan regions. The fauna has a close affinity with that of tropical Southeast Asia and a much weaker relationship with the Palearctic region. The differences with the Himalayas may reflect the separate evolutionary and complex geological history of the two areas.

A cladistic revision of Tortopus Needham & Murphy with description of the new genus Tortopsis (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2481 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS MOLINERI
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fore Wing ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Median Line ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
First Time

The 12 species previously placed in Tortopus together with 3 species newly described here, are revised and included in a phylogenetic analysis. Based on synapomorphic characters on the nymphs and adults of both sexes, Tortopus is restricted to T. igaranus Needham & Murphy, T. circumfluus Ulmer, T. harrisi Traver, T. zottai (Navás), T. bellus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, and T. arenales sp. nov., and the genus is defined by: female parastyli receptors with long furrows anterior to sockets; penes entirely flattened; male ninth abdominal sternum almost separated in two portions by a median notch; mesosternum with furcasternal protuberances contiguous only on basal corner; and nymphs with two subapical tubercles on mandibular tusks. Tortopsis is newly described for T. bruchianus (Navás), T. limoncocha sp. nov., T. obscuripennis (Domínguez), T. parishi (Banks), T. primus (McDunnough), T. puella (Pictet), T. sarae (Domínguez), T. spatula sp. nov., and T. unguiculatus (Ulmer). Tortopsis is characterized by: R sector of female fore wing without additional veins between R 2 and IR; female parastyli receptors C or V-shaped, with sockets opening towards median line; male gonopore associated with a claw-like structure; penes separated from the base; parastyli more than 5 times length of pedestals; parastyli curved in lateral view; nymphs with a single subapical tubercle on mandibular tusks. The study of available type material permitted inclusion of comparative diagnoses, with figures and redescriptions as needed. The male imago of the type species of Tortopus (T. igaranus Needham & Murphy) is described for the first time, as are the female adults of Tortopus bellus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty and T. harrisi Traver. Three new Neotropical species based on male and female adults are described: Tortopus arenales and Tortopsis limoncocha from Ecuador, and Tortopsis spatula from Colombia. Keys to separate the adults and nymphs of the genera of Polymitarcyidae, and for male and female adults of all the species of Tortopus and Tortopsis are presented, as well as line drawings, pictures and SEM photographs of important structures.

A phylogenetic revision of Calydna and relatives (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P.W. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Basal Clade ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Group A ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phylogenetic Revision

AbstractA phylogenetic revision of the Neotropical riodinid genus Calydna Doubleday and relatives is presented. A phylogenetic analysis for all twenty species of Calydna using thirty-eight characters of adult morphology generated four most parsimonious cladograms. Calydna is characterised to contain eighteen species, divided here into three monophyletic species groups with the relationship caieta group + (thersander group + hiria group). A new genus Echydna Hall gen. n. is described for the most basal clade, containing chaseba Hewitson and punctata C. & R. Felder, which are transferred from Calydna (combs. n.). The taxonomy, morphology, biogeography and biology of both genera are discussed, locality data is listed and mapped, and the adults and male and female genitalia are illustrated for all species. Concealed male abdominal androconial scales, which phylogenetically unite the thersander and hiria groups, are reported for the first time outside of the tribes Symmachiini and Nymphidiini. Two new species are described, Calydna jeannea sp. n. and Calydna nicolayi sp. n., and the replacement name fissilisima is provided for the unavailable name fissilis Stichel; maculosa Bates is transferred from Calydna to Callistium Stichel (comb. n.).

scholarly journals The Segment Matters: Probable Reassortment of Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) Complicates Phylogenetic Analysis and Inference of Geographical Origin of New Isolate from Bangladesh

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique L. Chaput ◽  
David Bass ◽  
Md. Mehedi Alam ◽  
Neaz Al Hasan ◽  
Grant D. Stentiford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
South American ◽  
Reassortment Event ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Whole Genomes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Sense

Tilapia lake virus (TiLV), a negative sense RNA virus with a 10 segment genome, is an emerging threat to tilapia aquaculture worldwide, with outbreaks causing over 90% mortality reported on several continents since 2014. Following a severe tilapia mortality event in July 2017, we confirmed the presence of TiLV in Bangladesh and obtained the near-complete genome of this isolate, BD-2017. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated 10 segment coding regions placed BD-2017 in a clade with the two isolates from Thailand, separate from the Israeli and South American isolates. However, phylogenetic analysis of individual segments gave conflicting results, sometimes clustering BD-2017 with one of the Israeli isolates, and splitting pairs of isolates from the same region. By comparing patterns of topological difference among segments of quartets of isolates, we showed that TiLV likely has a history of reassortment. Segments 5 and 6, in particular, appear to have undergone a relatively recent reassortment event involving Ecuador isolate EC-2012 and Israel isolate Til-4-2011. The phylogeny of TiLV isolates therefore depends on the segment sequenced. Our findings illustrate the need to exercise caution when using phylogenetic analysis to infer geographic origin and track the movement of TiLV, and we recommend using whole genomes wherever possible.

scholarly journals First nearly complete skull of Gallotia auaritae (lower-middle Pleistocene, Squamata, Gallotiinae) and a morphological phylogenetic analysis of the genus Gallotia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Penélope Cruzado-Caballero ◽  
Carolina Castillo Ruiz ◽  
Arnau Bolet ◽  
Juan Ramón Colmenero ◽  
Julio De la Nuez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cranial Morphology ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Computed Microtomography ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Cranial Osteology ◽  
First Time

Abstract The Canary Islands are an Atlantic archipelago known for its high number of endemic species. Among the most known endemic vertebrate species are the giant lizards of the genus Gallotia. We describe the cranial osteology of the first almost complete and articulated fossil skull of the taxon Gallotia auaritae, recovered from the lower-middle Pleistocene of the La Palma island. In this work, X-ray computed microtomography images were used to perform an exhaustive phylogenetic analysis where most of the extant and fossil species of the genus Gallotia were included for first time. This analysis recovered a monophyletic Gallotia clade with similar topology to that of molecular analyses. The newly described specimen shares some characters with the group formed by G. bravoana, G. intermedia and G. simonyi, G. auaritae, and its position is compatible with a referral to the latter. Our study adds new important data to the poorly known cranial morphology of G. auaritae, and the phylogenetic analysis reveals an unexpected power of resolution to obtain a morphology-based phylogeny for the genus Gallotia, for inferring the phylogenetic position of extinct species and for helping in the identification of fossil specimens.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of the Eocene Antarctic Tapetinae Gray, 1851 (Bivalvia, Veneridae) from the La Meseta and Submeseta formations

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-818
Author(s):  
Maximiliano Jorge Alvarez ◽  
Claudia Julia del Río
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
New Combination ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
First Time

AbstractSystematic analysis shows that the Southern Hemisphere bivalve genus Retrotapes includes the Antarctic species R. antarcticus, R. newtoni, and R. robustus and recognizes for the first time the presence of Katelysia represented by K. florentinoi. Two new genera were erected in this study: Marciachlys new genus to include M. inflata new combination, and Adelfia new genus, which includes A. austrolissa new combination and A. omega new species from the Eocene of Antarctica, and the late Eocene Chilean A. arenosa new combination. Eurhomalea carlosi was synonymized with K. florentinoi; Cyclorismina marwicki with R. antarcticus; Gomphina iheringi was considered an indeterminate species; and Cockburnia lunulifera was excluded from the Tapetinae. These systematic assignments are supported by a phylogenetic analysis, which recognizes an Austral clade of Tapetinae, comprising all the genera mentioned above, along with Marcia, Paleomarcia, Atamarcia, and Protapes.UUID: http://zoobank.org/a8c91a9f-99ec-4235-8416-d398771a3eb2

scholarly journals Molecular and Phenotypic Descriptions of Cystodermella cinnabarina from Western Himalaya: A New Genus for Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Abdul Razaq ◽  
Sobia Ilyas ◽  
Abdul Nasir Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time

Cystodermella cinnabarina is reported here for the first time from the moist temperate forests of western Himalaya and is the first collection of a Cystodermella from Pakistan. This species is redescribed here using morphological and molecular data. The phylogenetic analysis which is based on internal transcribed spacers (ITS) showed that the Pakistani collection clustered distinctly with similar European sequences in the Cystodermella clade. The Italian and north European sequences of this species clustered in two separate subclades and the Pakistani sequences closely matched the Italian sequences. It is evident that the Pakistani population has a very close evolutionary affinity with the Italian individuals rather than those from northern Europe. The species is distributed in Europe, in North America, and now in the western Himalaya of Asia.

Allonautilus: a new genus of living nautiloid cephalopod and its bearing on phylogeny of the Nautilida

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1054-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Ward ◽  
W. Bruce Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Late Cenozoic ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Gill Morphology ◽  
First Time

Living ectocochliate cephalopods have long been thought to be restricted to a single genus, Nautilus Linnaeus, 1758, comprising five or six extant species. The shells of two species, N. scrobiculatus Lightfoot, 1786, and N. perforatus Conrad, 1847, are quite distinct, but no soft-parts were known until 1984, when N. scrobiculatus was seen alive for the first time. Dissections show that significant anatomical differences exist between N. scrobiculatus and other Nautilus species, including differences in gill morphology and details of the male reproductive system. These differences, along with phylogenetic analysis of extant and selected fossil nautiloid species, indicate that N. scrobiculatus, and N. perforatus should be distinguished from Nautilus as a newly defined genus, Allonautilus. This analysis contradicts previous phylogenies proposed for the Nautilida, which placed Nautilus as the last-evolved member of the order. We surmise that Allonautilus is a descendent of Nautilus, that the latter is paraphyletic, and first evolved in the Mesozoic, rather than in the late Cenozoic, as has been previously suggested.

Venation pattern and revision of Orthoptera sensu nov. and sister groups. Phylogeny of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Orthoptera sensu nov.

Zootaxa ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLIVIER BÉTHOUX ◽  
ANDRÉ NEL
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
Venation Pattern ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Paraphyletic Group ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Orthopteroid Insects ◽  
First Time

After the revision of several fossils and observations of recent taxa, we propose a new interpretation of the wing venation pattern for the ‘orthopteroid lineage’. The Orthoptera and several taxa previously assigned to the paraphyletic group ‘Protorthoptera’ are included in a common clade, Archaeorthoptera taxon nov. The Orthoptera and some closest relative groups are included in the Panorthoptera sensu nov. These assignments are based on new autapomorphies based on venation patterns. A cladistic phylogenetic analysis of the Orthoptera is performed for the first time on the fossil record of this group, based on 74 characters (131 informative states). Three taxa assigned to the Archaeorthoptera nec Panorthoptera compose the outgroup. The ingroup is composed of three Panorthoptera nec Orthoptera and 63 Orthoptera, mainly from the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic. Following this initial phylogeny, we propose several nomenclatural changes; the Ensifera are redefined and the relationships between Caelifera and Ensifera sensu nov., and those between the major clades of modern Ensifera sensu nov., are clarified. Relationships within the ‘oedischioid’ stem-group remain unclear. The evolution of the venational structures within the Orthoptera is discussed and in this analysis the Orthoptera were not clearly affected by the Permo-Triassic biodiversity “crisis”. The capacity of the fossil taxa to be used in phylogenetic analyses is discussed, using the example of the ‘orthopteroid’ insects.

scholarly journals Rhadinopyga n. gen. from the “Vogelkop” of New Guinea and Adjacent Islands, a New Genus of the Subtribe Cosmopsalrtiaria (Homoptera, Cicadoidea: Cicadidae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Duffels
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Historical Biogeography ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Geological History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of

Rhadinopyga n. gen. is erected for Diceropyga recedens (Walker) from Salawati, D. impar (Walker) and D. acuminata Duffels, both from Waigeo, and Rhadinopyga epiplatys n. sp. from the “Vogelkop” area ( = Tjendrawasih) of New Guinea and the islands of Misoöl and Batjan. Phylogenetic analysis suggests a sister-group relationship of Rhadinopyga n. gen. and Diceropyga Stål. The endemism of Rhadinopyga in the “Vogelkop” area is discussed in connection with the geological history of the area and the historical biogeography of the subtribe Cosmopsaltriaria.

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