scholarly journals Combination Effects of Plant Extracts Rich in Tannins and Saponins as Feed Additives for Mitigating in Vitro Ruminal Methane and Ammonia Formation

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuraga Jayanegara ◽  
Yogianto Yogianto ◽  
Elizabeth Wina ◽  
Asep Sudarman ◽  
Makoto Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Combination Effects ◽  
Pure Methanol ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Substrate Types ◽  
Ammonia Formation

The objective of this experiment was to test the effects of combining plant extracts rich in tannins and saponins at varying proportions on in vitro ruminal methane and ammonia formation. Tannins were extracted from Swietenia mahogani leaves and saponins from Sapindus rarak fruits with various solvents. The extracts obtained with the most efficient solvents (tannins: 75% water and 25% methanol; saponins: pure methanol) were then used in vitro. The treatments consisted of two substrate types (high-forage (HF) or high-concentrate (HC) diets) and five extract combinations (tannins: saponins, 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0:1) added at 2 mg/mL in incubation liquid. In vitro incubation was performed in four runs, with each treatment being represented with two replicates per run. The addition of plant extracts rich in tannins and saponins, either individually or in combination, decreased the methane proportion of total gas in both the HF (p < 0.05) and HC (p < 0.05) diets. The effects of the plant extracts rich in tannins and saponins were generally additive in mitigating methane emissions. Favorable associative effects between the extracts were observed in the ammonia concentration, both in the HF (p < 0.001) and HC (p < 0.01) diets and in the methane proportion of total gas, with a 1:3 mixture of tannins and saponins added to the HC diet (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Research progress on the application of feed additives in ruminal methane emission reduction: a review

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11151
Author(s):  
Kang Sun ◽  
Huihui Liu ◽  
Huiyu Fan ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Chen Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nitrogen Containing Compounds

Background Ruminal methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants not only pollute the environment and exacerbate the greenhouse effect, but also cause animal energy losses and low production efficiency. Consequently, it is necessary to find ways of reducing methane emissions in ruminants. Studies have reported that feed additives such as nitrogen-containing compounds, probiotics, prebiotics, and plant extracts significantly reduce ruminant methane; however, systematic reviews of such studies are lacking. The present article summarizes research over the past five years on the effects of nitrogen-containing compounds, probiotics, probiotics, and plant extracts on methane emissions in ruminants. The paper could provide theoretical support and guide future research in animal production and global warming mitigation. Methods This review uses the Web of Science database to search keywords related to ruminants and methane reduction in the past five years, and uses Sci-Hub, PubMed, etc. as auxiliary searchers. Read, filter, list, and summarize all the retrieved documents, and finally complete this article. Results Most of the extracts can not only significantly reduce CH4 greenhouse gas emissions, but they will not cause negative effects on animal and human health either. Therefore, this article reviews the mechanisms of CH4 production in ruminants and the application and effects of N-containing compounds, probiotics, prebiotics, and plant extracts on CH4 emission reduction in ruminants based on published studies over the past 5 years. Conclusion Our review provides a theoretical basis for future research and the application of feed additives in ruminant CH4 emission reduction activities.

In vitro screening of selected feed additives, plant essential oils and plant extracts for rumen methane mitigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1191-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoey Durmic ◽  
Peter J Moate ◽  
Richard Eckard ◽  
Dean K Revell ◽  
Richard Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Methane Mitigation ◽  
Plant Essential Oils

Effect of plant extracts on methanogenesis and microbial profile of the rumen of buffalo: a brief overview

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Kamra ◽  
A. K. Patra ◽  
P. N. Chatterjee ◽  
Ravindra Kumar ◽  
Neeta Agarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

Plants rich in secondary metabolites (saponins, tannins, essential oils, etc.) have antimicrobial activity which can be exploited for selective inhibition of a particular group of microbes in the rumen. We have screened a large number of plant extracts for their potential to inhibit methanogenesis and ciliate protozoa in an in vitro gas production test using buffalo rumen liquor as the inoculum. Out of 93 plant extracts tested, 11 inhibited in vitro methanogenesis to the extent of 25–50% and nine plant extracts inhibited methanogenesis more than 50%. Among 20 extracts exhibiting antimethanogenic activity, nine were ethanol extracts, 10 were methanol extracts and only one was a water extract. Some of these plant extracts inhibited ciliate protozoa as tested by microscopic examination and 14C-labelled radioisotopic technique, but the protozoa inhibition was not correlated with methane inhibition, indicating that the methanogens sensitive to plant secondary metabolites may or may not be having any symbiotic relationship with ciliate protozoa. Methane inhibition was accompanied by a drastic fall in the number of methanogens as determined by real time PCR. Plants that appeared to have some potential as feed additives to control methanogenesis by the ruminants are: (i) seed pulp of Sapindus mukorossi (rich in saponins) and Terminalia chebula (rich in tannins); (ii) leaves of Populus deltoides, Mangifera indica and Psidium guajava (rich in tannins and essential oils); and (iii) flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum and bulb of Allium sativum (rich in essential oils). Some of the plants reported in literature exhibiting antimethanogenic activity include Equisetum arvense, Lotus corniculatus, Rheum palmatum, Salvia officinalis, Sapindus saponaria, Uncaria gambir and Yucca schidigera.

In Vitro Formation of Ammonia in Blood of Dog and Man

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Prytz ◽  
Carlo E Grossi ◽  
Louis M Rousselot
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Enzyme Action ◽  
Ammonia Formation

Abstract A significant (p &lt;0.001) difference was found in the rate of ammonia formation and the amount formed in heparinized dog and human blood at 4°C. The initial ammonia concentration and the increase in ammonia formation with time were correlated for human blood. This in vitro ammonia formation was not prevented by certain enzyme inhibitors, but it continued after cells and plasma were exhaustively dialyzed against water or saline, suggesting that it originates from enzyme action.

scholarly journals Use of feed additives for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farms

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roonal Pritam Kataria
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Selection Of

This review analyses methane emissions from dairy farms due to enteric fermentations and use of different feed additives as a strategy to control them. CH4 is a product that forms during the fermentation of food in the rumen of ruminants and on average represents a 7% loss of the energy ingested by the animal. CH4 is also a potent greenhouse gas. Various approaches have been studied in many countries with the aim of reducing methane emissions of digestive origin like the use of biotechnologies to modify the microbial ecosystem. This include selection of rumen micro-organisms through the elimination of protozoans or the inoculation of exogenous bacterial strains, vaccination against methanogenic micro-organisms, etc. or use of new food additives like plant extracts, organic acids, etc. and are theoretically promising paths. Their application is however still not known because trials are being performed mainly <em>in vitro</em>. This article focuses on reducing methanogenesis by adjusting the composition of the feed distributed to animals.

scholarly journals Phenolic plant extracts are additive in their effects against in vitro ruminal methane and ammonia formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 966-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Sinz ◽  
Svenja Marquardt ◽  
Carla R. Soliva ◽  
Ueli Braun ◽  
Annette Liesegang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Ammonia Formation

scholarly journals Use of Plant Extracts as an Effective Manner to ControlClostridium perfringensInduced Necrotic Enteritis in Poultry

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Diaz Carrasco ◽  
L. M. Redondo ◽  
E. A. Redondo ◽  
J. E. Dominguez ◽  
A. P. Chacana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Intestinal Pathogens

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an important concern in poultry industry since it causes economic losses, increased mortality, reduction of bird welfare, and contamination of chicken products for human consumption. For decades, the use of in-feed antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) has been the main strategy to control intestinal pathogens includingClostridium perfringens(CP), the causative agent of NE. However, the use of AGPs in animal diet has been linked to the emergence and transmission of antimicrobial resistance through food-borne microorganisms, which has led to the ban of AGPs in many countries. This scenario has challenged the poultry industry to search for safer alternative products in order to prevent NE. In this context, the utilization of natural plant extracts with antimicrobial properties appears as a promising and feasible tool to control NE in chicken. In this paper, we review the scientific studies analyzing the potential of plant extracts as alternative feed additives to reduce NE in poultry, with focus on two types of plant products that arise as promising candidates: tannins and essential oils. Some of these products showed antimicrobial activity against CP and coccidiain vitroandin vivoand are able to increase productive performance, emulating the bioactive properties of AGPs.

Evaluation of the in vitro trypanocidal activity of plant extracts from the Brazilian Cerrado

Planta Medica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
WR Cunha ◽  
FM Dos Santos ◽  
JA Peixoto ◽  
RCS Veneziani ◽  
AEM Crotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Trypanocidal Activity
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