scholarly journals Diet Composition Affects Liver and Mammary Tissue Transcriptome in Primiparous Holstein Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1191
Author(s):  
Shengtao Gao ◽  
Zheng Zhou ◽  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Juan Loor ◽  
Massimo Bionaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Functional Annotation ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Potassium Transport ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Microarray Chip

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the overall adaptations of liver and mammary tissue to a corn stover (CS) compared to a mixed forage (MF) diet in mid-lactation primiparous dairy cows. Twenty-four primiparous lactating Holstein cows were randomly allocated to 2 groups receiving either an alfalfa forage diet (MF, F:C = 60:40) with Chinese wildrye, alfalfa hay and corn silage as forage source or a corn stover forage diet (CS, F:C = 40:60). A subgroup of cows (n = 5/diet) was used for analysis of liver and mammary transcriptome using a 4 × 44K Bovine Agilent microarray chip. The results of functional annotation analysis showed that in liver CS vs. MF inhibited pathways related to lipid metabolism while induced the activity of the potassium channel. In mammary tissue, fatty acid metabolism was activated in CS vs. MF. In conclusion, the analysis of genes affected by CS vs. MF indicated mammary gland responding to lower level of linoleate from the diet (lower in CS vs. MF) by activating the associated biosynthesis metabolic pathway while the liver adaptively activated potassium transport to compensate for a lower K ingestion.

The role of the mammary gland during heat stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ricardo Oliveira Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Disruptive effects of climate change, such as increasing environmental temperature, have direct impacts on economic viability and efficiency of food production. In lactating dairy cows, heat stress reduces milk production and alters function of mammary secretory cells, at least partly by disturbing local protein metabolism. We hypothesized that hyperthermia would not only reduce mammary blood flow but would also reduce mammary extraction of nutrients from blood. In addition, we hypothesized that transcriptional profiling of mammary tissue would reveal disruption of cellular homeostasis. Our objective was to determine the effects of hyperthermia on mammary function. More specifically, we aimed to profile mammary blood flow and the changes in mammary transcriptome of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows. We investigated the effects of early and prolonged exposure of lactating dairy cows to hyperthermia by exposing cows to programmed constantly elevated temperature and humidity to induce and maintain body temperature approximately 1[degree]C above normal. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the production responses of hyperthermic lactating dairy cows, to characterize total and nutritive mammary blood flow, and to elucidate the regulation of mammary function during early and prolonged exposure to hyperthermia. Results from these studies established that 1) hyperthermia reduces total and nutritive mammary blood flow, limiting nutrient disappearance across the mammary gland; 2) hyperthermia does not induce shunting of blood away from the gland; 3) hyperthermia affects mammary tissue transcriptome, mainly altering processes associated with ECM and cell adhesion; 4) the effects of exposure to prolonged heat stress on mammary gene expression are distinct from the effects of feed restriction, in lactating dairy cows; and 5) mammary function is reestablished within 8 days after cessation of heat stress.

scholarly journals Duodenal infusion of α-linolenic acid affects fatty acid metabolism in the mammary gland of lactating dairy cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 5821-5830 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Yang ◽  
D.P. Bu ◽  
J.Q. Wang ◽  
Khas-Erdene ◽  
L.Y. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Abundance of solute carrier family 27 member 6 (SLC27A6) in the bovine mammary gland alters fatty acid metabolism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Zhang ◽  
Ziliang Shen ◽  
Zhendong Yang ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Shuangfeng Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Mammary Cells ◽  
Solute Carrier Family ◽  
Bovine Mammary Gland ◽  
Solute Carrier

The Milk FA and transcriptome of bovine mammary tissue indicated that LCFA transport into mammary cells during late lactation. In vitro test underscored how FA transport via SLC27A6 could dictate the utilization of FA for TG synthesis versus oxidation.

scholarly journals PROLINE SUPPLY FOR EFFICIENT NITROGEN UTILIZATION BY LACTATING RUMINANTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. BRUCKENTAL ◽  
EUGENIA ALUMOT
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Arginine Uptake

To prove the sparing action of proline on arginine utilization by the mammary gland, proline was administered to the duodenum of goats in early lactation. As found previously in mid-lactation, arginine uptake by the mammary gland dropped significantly due to proline addition. Cow mammary tissue was cultured in media with increasing concentrations of proline. The radioactivity of proline formed from [U-14C] arginine was measured in hydrolysates of casein synthesized by the gland. Increasing proline concentrations caused a corresponding decrease in proline labelling. The addition of proline, protected against rumen degradation, may save dietary protein in the ration of high-producing dairy cows. Key words: Proline, lactating ruminants

scholarly journals The Rumen Microbiome in Dry Dairy Cows Reveals the Specific Bacteriome Contributing to Various Physiological Roles and Phenotypes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Te Chuang ◽  
SHANG-TSE HO ◽  
Po-Wen Tu ◽  
Kuan-Yi Li ◽  
Yu-Lun Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Functional Pathway ◽  
Key Microorganisms

Abstract Background Most microbiome studies of dairy cows have investigated the compositions and functions of rumen microbial communities in lactating dairy cows. The importance of the relationships among hosts, microbiota, diet composition, and milk production remains unknown in dry dairy cows. Thus, in the present study, the composition of the rumen microbiome in cows from three dairy farms was investigated to identify core bacteria contributing to various physiological roles during rumen fermentation in dry dairy cows. Results The results indicated that ruminal fluid in dry dairy cows from different regional farms had core rumen microbiota that could be clearly distinguished from that of cows of the other farms. Further identification of key microorganisms associated with each farm revealed that Prevotella, Methanobrevibacter, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, and Streptococcus were major contributors. Spearmen’s correlation indicated that the abundance of genera such as Prevotella and Ruminococcus in dry dairy cows could indicate milk yield in the previous lactating period. Functional pathway analysis of the rumen bacterial communities demonstrated that amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were the major pathways. Conclusions Our findings provide knowledge of the composition and predicted functions of rumen microbiota in dry dairy cows from regional farms, which underscores the importance of the relationships among hosts, microbiota, diet composition, and milk production.

scholarly journals The Rumen Specific Bacteriome in Dry Dairy Cows and Its Possible Relationship with Phenotypes

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1791
Author(s):  
Shih-Te Chuang ◽  
Shang-Tse Ho ◽  
Po-Wen Tu ◽  
Kuan-Yi Li ◽  
Yu-Lun Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Functional Pathway ◽  
Key Microorganisms ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

Most microbiome studies of dairy cows have investigated the compositions and functions of rumen microbial communities in lactating dairy cows. The importance of the relationships among hosts, microbiota, diet composition, and milk production remains unknown in dry dairy cows. Thus, in the present study, the composition of the rumen microbiome in cows from three dairy farms was investigated to identify core bacteria contributing to various physiological roles during rumen fermentation in dry dairy cows. The results indicated that ruminal fluid in dry dairy cows from different regional farms had core rumen microbiota that could be clearly distinguished from that of cows of the other farms. Further identification of key microorganisms associated with each farm revealed that Prevotella, Methanobrevibacter, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, and Streptococcus were major contributors. Spearman’s correlation indicated that the abundance of genera such as Prevotella and Ruminococcus in dry dairy cows could indicate milk yield in the previous lactating period. Functional pathway analysis of the rumen bacterial communities demonstrated that amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were the major pathways. Our findings provide knowledge of the composition and predicted functions of rumen microbiota in dry dairy cows from regional farms, which underscore the importance of the relationships among hosts, microbiota, diet composition, and milk production.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical localization of adhesion molecules (CD62 and CD18) in the mammary gland of dairy cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Simon ◽  
S. Hluchý ◽  
Ľ. Horovská ◽  
J. Antalíková ◽  
J. Čuboň
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Lactation Cycle

Localization of the L-selectin (CD62L) and &beta;2-integrin (CD18) bearing cells in different tissues of the bovine mammary gland was examined. Five dairy cows of Holstein-Friesian breed in the middle of their second and third lactation cycle were used in the study. Blood, milk and udder tissue samples were collected from each cow to estimate the milk somatic cell count (SCC) and bacteriological infection of the mammary gland. The expression of CD62L and CD18 on blood cells, milk cells and parenchymal tissues of udder, F&uuml;rstenberg&rsquo;s rosette and the transverse section of the central part of the teat was tested. In the mammary gland quarters the value of SCC in milk secretion was also reflected in the presence of CD18<sup>+</sup> and CD62L<sup>+</sup> leukocytes in mammary tissues. In the quarters where SCC was higher than 10<sup>5</sup> a frequent incidence of L-selectin and &beta;2-integrin cells was observed in the parenchyma and F&uuml;rstenberg&rsquo;s rosette region, while in the quarters with low SCC, none or only a few reactive cells were found. In the mammary parenchymal tissue CD18 positive cells were present in both the epithelial and the connective tissue. In F&uuml;rstenberg&rsquo;s rosette the cells were concentrated in the connective collagenous and loose tissue. None or only scattered L-selectin (CD62L) and &beta;2-integrin (CD18) bearing cells were identified in the transverse section from the central part of the teat. When we compared the L-selectin and &beta;2-integrin expression, the study revealed the down-regulation of L-selectin on the cells of mammary tissue.

Estimation of genetic variation in A9-desaturase enzyme activity in dairy cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 52-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Royal ◽  
P.C. Garnsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase

The ▵9-desaturase enzyme adds a cis-9 double bond to fatty acids in adipose and mammary tissue. In the mammary gland, this reaction converts C14:0 to C14:1, C16:0 to C16:1, C18:0 to cis-9 C18:1 (oleic acid), and trans- 11 C18:1(vaccenic acid) to cis-9, trans- 11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Oleic acid is of interest in human nutrition as a component of the “Mediterranean diet” and CLA has been shown to have numerous health benefits. Conversion of vaccenic acid to CLA in the mammary gland accounts for 75-80% of CLA found in milk (Lock and Garnsworthy, 2002), but activity of the Δ9-desaturase enzyme varies among individual cows irrespective of dietary manipulations (Lock and Garnsworthy, 2003), suggesting that it may have a genetic component. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic variation in Δ9-desaturase activity in dairy cows using milk fatty acid profiles.

scholarly journals Collagen molecular phenotypic switch between non-neoplastic and neoplastic canine mammary tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Terajima ◽  
Yuki Taga ◽  
Becky K. Brisson ◽  
Amy C. Durham ◽  
Kotaro Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Links

AbstractIn spite of major advances over the past several decades in diagnosis and treatment, breast cancer remains a global cause of morbidity and premature death for both human and veterinary patients. Due to multiple shared clinicopathological features, dogs provide an excellent model of human breast cancer, thus, a comparative oncology approach may advance our understanding of breast cancer biology and improve patient outcomes. Despite an increasing awareness of the critical role of fibrillar collagens in breast cancer biology, tumor-permissive collagen features are still ill-defined. Here, we characterize the molecular and morphological phenotypes of type I collagen in canine mammary gland tumors. Canine mammary carcinoma samples contained longer collagen fibers as well as a greater population of wider fibers compared to non-neoplastic and adenoma samples. Furthermore, the total number of collagen cross-links enriched in the stable hydroxylysine-aldehyde derived cross-links was significantly increased in neoplastic mammary gland samples compared to non-neoplastic mammary gland tissue. The mass spectrometric analyses of type I collagen revealed that in malignant mammary tumor samples, lysine residues, in particular those in the telopeptides, were markedly over-hydroxylated in comparison to non-neoplastic mammary tissue. The extent of glycosylation of hydroxylysine residues was comparable among the groups. Consistent with these data, expression levels of genes encoding lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) and its molecular chaperone FK506-binding protein 65 were both significantly increased in neoplastic samples. These alterations likely lead to an increase in the LH2-mediated stable collagen cross-links in mammary carcinoma that may promote tumor cell metastasis in these patients.

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