scholarly journals Thermoregulatory Responses of Heat Acclimatized Buffaloes to Simulated Heat Waves

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
Alfredo M. F. Pereira ◽  
Reíssa A. Vilela ◽  
Cristiane G. Titto ◽  
Thays M. C. Leme-dos-Santos ◽  
Ana C. M. Geraldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Sweating Rate ◽  
Tropical Regions

Climate change is seen as a significant threat to the sustainability of livestock production systems in many parts of the world, particularly in tropical regions. Extreme meteorological events can result in catastrophic production and death of livestock. Heat waves in particular can push vulnerable animals beyond their survival threshold limits. However, there is little information about buffalo responses to sudden changes in the thermal environment, specifically the heat waves. This study aimed to quantify the thermoregulatory and blood biochemical responses of heat-acclimatized buffaloes to a simulated heat wave. The experiment was designed in a climatic chamber with two periods of 4 days each. Twelve heat acclimated buffalo heifers aged 18 months were used. The climatic chamber environment was set as follows: 4-day period (P1) simulating the same weather conditions of a summer in humid tropical climate used as a baseline, with daily cycle with Ta and RH at 27 ± 1 °C and 76% from 0600 h to 1900 h and 24 ± 1 °C and 80% from 1900 h to 0600 h, and 4-day period (P2), simulating a daily heat wave cycle, from 0600 h to 1900 h with Ta and RH kept at 36 °C and 78% and from 1900 h to 0600 h, 27 °C and 74%. All animals were subject to both treatments and data were analyzed by a repeated measure analysis of variance, with post-hoc pooling comparison performed by Tukey’s test. In P2, there was observed a significant increase in respiratory frequency (p < 0.01), found four times in P1. The sweating rates were quite high in both periods; still, there were significant increases in P2 compared to P1 (p < 0.01) (4931 and 3201 g/m2/h, respectively). A slight but significant increase in rectal temperature was observed during the day (p < 0.01), with a rising until 1900 h. The simulated heat wave in P2 did not affect the values of the erythrogram or leukogram, excluding the significant reduction in K+ (p < 0.05). The low heat storage and the subsequent fast and full recovery of the thermal balance late afternoon appear to be related to the high sweating rate values. The massive sweating rate emphasizes its relevance in the maintenance of buffalo homeothermy. The absence of changes in hematological parameters has revealed the considerable physiological resilience of buffaloes toward simulated heat waves.

Study on the Influence of Heat Wave and Cold Wave Characteristics and Vulnerable Areas in Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongsangnam-do

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyeong Jo ◽  
Jiyeun Ye ◽  
Jihye Yun ◽  
Jaeeun You ◽  
Juyeong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Cold Wave ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Wave Impact

&lt;p&gt;The frequency of extreme weather phenomena such as heat wave and cold wave has increased recently, and the intensity of weather has been strengthened, resulting in human and physical damage. The Republic of Korea has been working to reduce damage since 2018 by including heat and cold waves in natural disasters. The Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) also provides impact-based forecasts, which requires research that suits local characteristics. In this study, weather observation data related to the summer heat wave in Busan, Ulsan and South Gyeongsang Province was analyzed to determine the weather conditions for the heat wave. In addition, in relation to the heat wave impact-based forecast that was provided regularly in 2019, the heat threshold was applied by comparing the current status of the heat-related patients with the maximum temperature, the number of consecutive days of the heat wave and the current status of the heat-related patients. The impacts of heat waves in different fields were analyzed, including livestock waste, fisheries food damage, and heat damage by crops. The cold wave also analyzed the number of days of cold wave in Busan, Ulsan, and South Gyeongsang Province by comparing the lowest temperature with the current status of cold-related patients. The impacts of cold weather conditions such as wind direction, wind speed and the number of consecutive days of the cold wave were also analyzed. Further, for regular provision of cold wave impact-based forecast to be implemented in 2020, the impacts of each cold wave vulnerable areas suitable for Busan, Ulsan, and South Gyeongsang Province were analyzed and referred to when applying cold wave thresholds.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Effect of a simulated heat wave in thermal and aerial environment broiler-rearing environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos M. do Vale ◽  
Daniella J. de Moura ◽  
Irenilza de A. Nääs ◽  
Thayla M. R. C. Curi ◽  
Karla A. O. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Data Sampling ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Rearing Environment

ABSTRACT Global warming increases the occurrence of events such as extreme heat waves. Research on thermal and air conditions affecting broiler-rearing environment are important to evaluate the animal welfare under extreme heat aiming mitigation measures. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of a simulated heat wave, in a climatic chamber, on the thermal and air environment of 42-day-old broilers. One hundred and sixty broilers were housed and reared for 42 days in a climatic chamber; the animals were divided into eight pens. Heat wave simulation was performed on the 42nd day, the period of great impact and data sampling. The analyzed variables were room and litter temperatures, relative humidity, concentrations of oxygen, carbon monoxide and ammonia at each pen. These variables were assessed each two hours, starting at 8 am, simulating a day heating up to 4 pm, when it is reached the maximum temperature. By the results, we concluded that increasing room temperatures promoted a proportional raise in litter temperatures, contributing to ammonia volatilization. In addition, oxygen concentrations decreased with increasing temperatures; and the carbon monoxide was only observed at temperatures above 27.0 °C, relative humidity higher than 88.4% and litter temperatures superior to 30.3 °C.

Abstract P069: Heat, Heat Waves and Hospital Admissions in Indianapolis, Indiana

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Apparent Temperature ◽  
The Impact

Background: The association between heat and hospital admissions is well studied, but in Indiana where the regulatory agencies cites lack of evidence for global climate change, local evidence of such an association is critical for Indiana to mitigate the impact of increasing heat. Methods: Using a distributed-lag non-linear model, we studied the effects of moderate (31.7 °C or 90 th percentile of daily mean apparent temperature (AT)), severe (33.5 °C or 95 th percentile of daily mean apparent temperature (AT)) and extreme (36.4 °C or 99 th percentile of AT) heat on hospital admissions (June-August 2007-2012) for cardiovascular (myocardial infarction, myocardial infarction, heart failure) and heat-related diseases in Indianapolis, Indiana located in Marion County. We also examined the added effects of moderate heat waves (AT above the 90 th percentile lasting 2-6 days), severe heat waves (AT above the 95 th percentile lasting 2-6 days) and extreme heat waves (AT above the 99 th percentile lasting 2-6 days). In sensitivity analysis, we tested robustness of our results to 1) different temperature and lag structures and 2) temperature metrics (daily min, max and diurnal temperature range). Results: The relative risks of moderate heat, relative to 29.2°C (75 th percentile of AT), on admissions for cardiovascular disease (CVD), myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), and heat-related diseases (HD) were 0.98 (0.67, 1.44), 6.28 (1.48, 26.6), 1.38 (0.81, 2.36) and 1.73 (0.58, 5.11). The relative risk of severe heat on admissions for CVD, MI, HF, and HD were 0.93 (0.60, 1.43), 4.46 (0.85, 23.4), 1.30 (0.72, 2.34) and 2.14 (0.43, 10.7). The relative risk of extreme heat were 0.79 (0.26, 2.39), 0.11 (0.087, 1.32), 0.68 (0.18, 2.61), and 0.32 (0.005, 19.5). We also observed statistically significant added effects of moderate heat waves lasting 4 or 6 days on hospital admission for MI and HD and extreme heat waves lasting 4 days on hospital admissions for HD. Results were strengthened for people older than 65. Conclusions: Moderate heat wave lasting 4-6 days were associated with increased hospital admissions for MI and HD diseases and extreme heat wave lasting 4 days were associated with increased admissions for HD.

scholarly journals Early heat waves over Italy and their impacts on durum wheat yields

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1631-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fontana ◽  
A. Toreti ◽  
A. Ceglar ◽  
G. De Sanctis
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concurrent Events

Abstract. In the last decades the Euro-Mediterranean region has experienced an increase in extreme temperature events such as heat waves. These extreme weather conditions can strongly affect arable crop growth and final yields. Here, early heat waves over Italy from 1995 to 2013 are identified and characterised and their impact on durum wheat yields is investigated. As expected, results confirm the impact of the 2003 heat wave and highlight a high percentage of concurrence of early heat waves and significant negative yield anomalies in 13 out of 39 durum wheat production areas. In south-eastern Italy (the most important area for durum wheat production), the percentage of concurrent events exceeds 80 %.

Heat waves in Berlin and Potsdam, Germany – Long‐term trends and comparison of heat wave definitions from 1893 to 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 2422-2437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fenner ◽  
Achim Holtmann ◽  
Alexander Krug ◽  
Dieter Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Long Term Trends

scholarly journals Using Forecast and Observed Weather Data to Assess Performance of Forecast Products in Identifying Heat Waves and Estimating Heat Wave Effects on Mortality

2014 ◽  
Vol 122 (9) ◽  
pp. 912-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Yeh-Hsin Chen ◽  
Joel D. Schwartz ◽  
Richard B. Rood ◽  
Marie S. O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Wave Effects

scholarly journals Could aerosol emissions be used for regional heat wave mitigation?

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 23793-23828
Author(s):  
D. N. Bernstein ◽  
J. D. Neelin ◽  
Q. B. Li ◽  
D. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Sulfate Aerosols ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Aerosol Emission ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract. Geoengineering applications by injection of sulfate aerosols into the stratosphere are under consideration as a measure of last resort to counter global warming. Here adaptation to a potential regional scale application to offset the impacts of heat waves is critically examined. The effect of regional scale sulfate aerosol emission over California in each of two days of the July 2006 heat wave using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with fully coupled chemistry (WRF-Chem) is used to quantify potential reductions in surface temperature as a function of emission rates in the lower stratosphere. Over the range considered, afternoon temperature reductions scale almost linearly with injections. Local meteorological factors yield geographical differences in surface air temperature sensitivity. For emission rates of approximately 30 μg m−2 s−1 of sulfate aerosols (with standard WRF-Chem size distribution) over the region, temperature decreases of around 7 °C result during the middle part of the day over the Central Valley, one of the hardest hit by the heat wave. Regions more ventilated with oceanic air such as Los Angeles have slightly smaller reductions. The length of the hottest part of the day is also reduced. Advection effects on the aerosol cloud must be more carefully forecast for smaller injection regions. Verification of the impacts could be done via measurements of differences in reflected and surface downward shortwave. Such regional geoengineering applications with specific near-term target effects but smaller cost and side effects could potentially provide a means of testing larger scale applications. However, design trade-offs differ from global applications and the size of the required injections and the necessity of injection close to the target region raise substantial concerns. The evaluation of this regional scale application is thus consistent with global model evaluations emphasizing that mitigation via reduction of fossil fuels remains preferable to considering geoengineering with sulfate aerosols.

scholarly journals Disentangling the response of forest and grassland energy exchange to heatwaves under idealized land–atmosphere coupling

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5969-5995
Author(s):  
C. C. van Heerwaarden ◽  
A. J. Teuling
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Wave Conditions

Abstract. This study investigates the difference in land–atmosphere interactions between grassland and forest during typical heat wave conditions in order to understand the controversial results of Teuling et al. (2010) (T10, hereafter), who have found the systematic occurrence of higher sensible heat fluxes over forest than over grassland during heat wave conditions. With a simple, but accurate coupled land–atmosphere model, we are able to reproduce the findings of T10 for both normal summer and heat wave conditions, and to carefully explore the sensitivity of the coupled land–atmosphere system to changes in incoming radiation and early-morning temperature. Our results emphasize the importance of fast processes during the onset of heat waves, since we are able to explain the results of T10 without having to take into account changes in soil moisture. In order to disentangle the contribution of differences in several static and dynamic properties between forest and grassland, we have performed an experiment in which new land use types are created that are equal to grassland, but with one of its properties replaced by that of forest. From these, we conclude that the closure of stomata in the presence of dry air is by far the most important process in creating the different behavior of grassland and forest during the onset of a heat wave. However, we conclude that for a full explanation of the results of T10 also the other properties (albedo, roughness and the ratio of minimum stomatal resistance to leaf-area index) play an important, but indirect role; their influences mainly consist of strengthening the feedback that leads to the closure of the stomata by providing more energy that can be converted into sensible heat. The model experiment also confirms that, in line with the larger sensible heat flux, higher atmospheric temperatures occur over forest.

scholarly journals Evaluating sub-seasonal heatwave reforecasts of the ECMWF over Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Korhonen ◽  
Otto Hyvärinen ◽  
Matti Kämäräinen ◽  
Kirsti Jylhä
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Wave Forecast ◽  
Extended Range ◽  
Hot Days ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Summer Temperatures

&lt;p&gt;Severe heatwaves have harmful impacts on ecosystems and society. Early warning of heat waves help with decreasing their harmful impact. Previous research shows that the Extended Range Forecasts (ERF) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) have over Europe a somewhat higher reforecast skill for extreme hot summer temperatures than for long-term mean temperatures. Also it has been shown that the reforecast skill of the ERFs of the ECMWF was strongly increased by the most severe heat waves (the European heatwave 2003 and the Russian heatwave 2010).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our aim is to be able to estimate the skill of a heat wave forecast at the time the forecast is given. For that we investigated the spatial and temporal reforecast skill of the ERFs of the ECMWF to forecast hot days (here defined as a day on which the 5 days running mean surface temperature is above its summer 90&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; percentile) in the continental Europe in summers 2000-2019. We used the ECMWF 2-meter temperature reforecasts and verified them against the ERA5 reanalysis. The skill of the hot day reforecasts was estimated by the symmetric extremal dependence index (SEDI) which considers both hit rates and false alarm rates of the hot day forecasts. Further, we investigated the skill of the heatwave reforecasts based on at which time steps of the forecast the hot days were forecasted. We found that on the mesoscale (horizontal scale of ~500 km) the ERFs of the ECMWF were most skillful in predicting the life cycle of a heat wave (lasting up to 25 days) about a week before its start and during its course. That is, on the mesoscale those reforecasts, in which hot day(s) were forecasted to occur during the first 7&amp;#8230;11 days, were more skillful on lead times up to 25 days than the rest of the heat wave forecasts. This finding is valuable information, e.g., in the energy and health sectors while preparing for a coming heat wave.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The work presented here is part of the research project HEATCLIM (Heat and health in the changing climate) funded by the Academy of Finland.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Use of polimerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides in winter wheat cultivated in different production systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
Ewa Solarska ◽  
Magdalena Grudzińska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Pseudocercosporella Herpotrichoides ◽  
Chain Reaction

<i>Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides</i> was detected by PCR in winter wheat cultivated in different production systems in 2000 and 2001. In all tested systems only pathotype R of pathogen was detected. Detection of fungus depended on production system and weather conditions. Pathogen was not detected in both tested cultivars only in ecological system but only in season with less favourable conditions for disease development

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document