scholarly journals Distribution of Superficial Body Temperature in Horses Ridden by Two Riders with Varied Body Weights

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Izabela Wilk ◽  
Elżbieta Wnuk-Pawlak ◽  
Iwona Janczarek ◽  
Beata Kaczmarek ◽  
Marta Dybczyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Body Weights

It was assumed that a horse with its rider body weight found in the upper limit may negatively impact the horse’s welfare. The objective of this paper was to analyze the differences in body temperature and selected heart rate parameters in horses in response to physical exercise accompanied by various rider’s body weight loads. The study was carried out on 12 leisure, 10–15-year-old warmblood geldings. The horses were ridden by two equally qualified riders whose body weights were about 20% and 10% of the average body weight (BW) of the animals (about 470 kg). Each rider rode each of the 12 horses for 13 min walking and 20 min of trotting. Images of the horse at rest, after physical exercise directly after unsaddling, and during the recovery phase (10 min after unsaddling) were taken with an infrared thermography camera. For analysis, the temperatures of selected body parts were measured on the surface of the head, neck, front, middle, and back (croup) parts of the trunk, forelimb, and hind limb. Immediately after the infrared thermography images were taken, the rectal temperature of the horse was measured. The heart rate parameters were measured at rest for 10 min directly before, during, and 10 min following the end of a training session. A multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measurements was performed. Statistical significance was accepted for p < 0.05. A rider BW load on a horse of approximately 20% of the horse’s BW led to a substantial increase in the superficial temperatures of the neck, front, middle, and back parts of the trunk in relation to these body parts’ average temperatures when the load was about 10% BW. The head and limb average temperatures were not significantly affected by the load of the exercised horse. A horse’s load above 20% of his body weight, even with little effort, affects changes in surface temperature and the activity of the autonomic nervous system.

Experimental hyperthyroidism in dogs and effect of salivariectomy

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy A. Piatnek ◽  
Robert E. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Thyroid State

A hyperthyroid state was induced and maintained in 17 dogs for 2–10 months by the administration of massive amounts of thyroid hormone. The great tolerance of this species to such large doses was striking. The clinical signs characteristic of hyperthyroidism in other mammals were observed including significantly increased caloric intake, oxygen consumption, heart rate, and body temperature. The laboratory findings included polycythemia, markedly increased levels of protein-bound iodide (PBI), increased turnover rates of l-thyroxine, and a decreased urinary excretion of inorganic iodide. Unlike other species the hyperthyroid dogs did not demonstrate marked reductions in body weight or serum cholesterol. Salivariectomy neither hastened nor enhanced the onset of exogenous hyperthyroidism in the dog. Measurements of the rate of disappearance of I131 l-thyroxine from the plasma and the rate of appearance of radioactive iodide in the urine indicated that the salivary glands in the intact dog are effective sites of deiodination and iodide excretion. This activity, however, is not the sole regulator of the level of circulating thyroid hormone and thus of the thyroid state.

scholarly journals Postweaning growth of the non-carcass components of Texel crossbred lambs

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1558-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Barcelos Galvani ◽  
Cleber Cassol Pires ◽  
Tatiana Pfüller Wommer ◽  
Franciele de Oliveira ◽  
Georges Petrarca Teixeira Kodayssi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Exponential Equation ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
Experimental Adaptation ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Late Growth

Twenty 11/16 Texel x 5/16 Ile de France crossbred lambs were slaughtered at different body weights to evaluate the growth of their non-carcass components. Animals were weaned at 42 days of age (15.9 ± 2.1 kg of body weight), housed in individual stalls, and fed ad libitum. After ten days of an experimental adaptation period, 5 lambs were slaughtered. The remaining lambs were randomly assigned to one of three following slaughter weights: 25, 30 or 35 kg of body weight at fast. At slaughter, all body components were individually weighed and expressed as percentage of the empty body weight. To determine allometric growth of individual components, the exponential equation Y = aXb was logarithmically transformed and used. Proportions of feet and head decreased, while wool proportion increased linearly as slaughter weight increased. Greater fat deposition in viscera (kidney and mesenteric fat) was observed for lambs slaughtered at more elevated body weights. Growth rate of small intestine was lower than that of the empty body (b = 0.39), and it decreased linearly as a proportion of empty body weight with advancing maturity. Growth rates of both liver and large intestine were isogonics (b = 0.90 and 1.08, respectively), i.e., similar to the empty body weight. On the other hand, rumen presented late growth (b = 1.37), and its proportion was lower only for the lambs slaughtered at weaning (1.58% of EBW). Once increased slaughter weights result in higher deposition of nutrients on body parts that are not intended to consumption, maximum slaughter weight of 11/16 Texel x 5/16 Ile de France crossbred lambs is recommended to be at 30 kg of body weight.

scholarly journals Body weight and morphometric traits of fulani ecotype chickens in South Western Nigeria are closely related

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
O. J. Ogunshola ◽  
S. A. Daramola ◽  
O. B. Omotoso ◽  
O. I. Baki ◽  
C. A. Chineke
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction

The native chickens constitute about 80 percent of the 120 million poultry birds found in Nigeriabut have not been adequately characterized. Thus, the study was undertaken to establish the relationship among body weight and morphometric traits of thirty six Fulani Ecotype chickens raised for 25 weeks. Body weights were collected per bird and the morphometric traits (body length, drumstick length, drumstick circumference, breast girth, nose to shoulder, shoulder to tail and height at withers) were measured with tape rule on weekly basis. The measured parameters were subjected to correlation and regression analyses. Analysis showed that positive and high significant correlation existed between body weight and morphometric traits (p< 0.01). The result showed that accuracy of prediction was attained with linear and quadratic models but quadratic model had theoretical advantage over the linearmodelwith respect to its goodness of fit to the data. This means that an increase in growth rate of the body parts would correspondingly cause an increase in live weight gain of the bird. In conclusion, body weight and morphometric traits could be used to separate males and females Fulani Ecotype chicken at 17 weeks old. At this age, males appeared bigger than the females and their combs were well pronounced, this would help both sexes to grow uniformly, prevent indiscriminate mating before attaining the age of sexual maturity and help in selection of Fulani Ecotype chicken for improvement in meat and egg production.

scholarly journals Effect of mating method, sex and birth type on growth of lambs

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Ilic ◽  
A. Jevtic-Vukmirovic ◽  
M.P. Petrovic ◽  
V. Caro-Petrovic ◽  
B. Milosevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mating Method ◽  
Birth Type

Estrus synchronization methods was use to control the reproductive traits of sheep, as well as bringing more females at the same stage of estrus and ovulation. According to the points mentioned above, the aim of the present study was to investigate and compare mating method and influence of fixed factors on birth and weaning weight of lambs. Statistical analysis showed that exist difference in the body weights between genotypes of lambs. In the first group, the difference in weight of lambs at birth, regardless of mating method was not significant (P> 0.05), while in the second group, the difference was slightly significant (P <0.05). As for the birth type, sex and within the same genotype, there was a statistical significance (P <0.05) between singles obtained naturally, between the triplets obtained naturally and between triplets received hormonal method. All the differences between body weight at 30 days (mating method, sex and birth type under the same genotype) were statistically significant (P <0.05).The determined differences in the body weights at 60 days (sex, mating method and type of birth under the same genotype) were statistically significant (P <0.05). The results showed that the differences (mating method, sex and type of birth under the same genotype) were statistically significant (P <0.05), except in between body weight at 90 days in twins among two genotypes obtained by natural method, which were not statistically significant (P> 0.05).

Postural vasoconstriction in women during the normal menstrual cycle

1990 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad A. K. Hassan ◽  
G. Carter ◽  
J. E. Tooke
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Swelling Rate ◽  
Dependent Flow

1. Postural vasoconstriction in the foot was examined in 15 women during the menstrual, follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, and in 13 age-matched men on two separate occasions, in a constant-temperature environment (22°C). 2. Skin blood flow was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry with the subject lying down, first with the foot maintained at heart level, then with the foot lowered passively 50 cm below the heart. In six of the women, at the time of experiment, serum oestradiol and progesterone were determined by radioimmunoassay. In four women and three men, foot swelling rate was also measured in the dependent foot using a strain gauge plethysmograph in addition to the postural changes in flow. At each visit, in all subjects, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, foot skin temperature and body weight were also recorded. 3. The men showed no significant changes in all the variables assessed. In contrast, in women during the luteal phase diastolic and mean arterial pressures were significantly reduced, whereas heart rate, body temperature, foot skin temperature and body weight were significantly increased, as compared with the follicular and menstrual phases of the cycle. 4. During the follicular phase, when oestradiol concentration was high, there were significant reductions in dependent flow and foot swelling rate associated with a significantly augmented postural fall in flow, whereas during the luteal phase, when both oestradiol and progesterone levels were high, there were significant increases in dependent flow and foot swelling rate associated with a significantly impaired postural fall in flow. Four women who reported premenstrual ankle oedema showed significantly higher flow values during the luteal phase than the rest of women. 5. These results confirm the modulating influence of female sex hormones on peripheral blood flow and vascular tone. The partially impaired postural vasoconstrictor response during the luteal phase of the cycle might be partly implicated in the pathogenesis of premenstrual oedema in some women.

scholarly journals ACUTE EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISE OF DIFFERENT INTENSITIES IN CYTOKINES OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 493-497
Author(s):  
Beatriz Augusta Pozzolo ◽  
Vanessa Ferrari da Fonseca ◽  
Amanda Archeleiga Guedes ◽  
Giovanna Lima de Oliveira ◽  
Daniele Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
University Students ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Repeated Measurements

ABSTRACT Introduction: A single exercise training session promotes stimuli for changes in the immune system that are cumulatively considered adaptations to the exercise. Objective: This paper explores the acute effect of different intensities of aerobic exercise on anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory markers in apparently healthy university students. Methods: Eighteen volunteers underwent two sessions of aerobic exercise, the first at 65-70% estimated heart rate (HR), and after seven days, a second session at 80-85% HR. Before and after each session, venous blood was drawn, in order to analyze interleukin (IL) 6 and 10 in a Milliplex Kit. The participants’ level of physical activity was determined using a questionnaire. For statistical comparisons, two-way ANOVA was used for the variables hemodynamics and perceived exertion. The cytokine results were compared through the Student's t-test for repeated measurements. The exclusion criteria were the practice of physical exercise and having drunk alcohol on the day before the intervention sessions, the presence of osteomioarticular conditions, and missing one of the sessions. Results: This study showed that IL-6 was not significantly decreased when comparing the two sessions. IL-10 was significantly decreased (p=0.033) in the 65-70% HR session but not in the 80-85% HR session. The delta variation for IL-10 showed a tendency (p=0.053) towards a greater decrease in the 65-70% HR session when compared to the 80-85% HR session. There were no differences in the acute effect of exercise when comparing the levels of physical activity. Conclusion: This study highlights that two different zones of high intensity exercise can induce different inflammatory responses, as demonstrated by the significant decrease in IL-10 in the 65-70%HR zone. The study also shows that there was no difference in physical exercise response in individuals with moderate and high physical activity levels. Level of evidence III; Comparative study.

scholarly journals Hemodynamic Responses of Unfit Healthy Women at a Training Session with Nintendo Wii: A Possible Impact on the General Well-Being

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato S Monteiro-Junior ◽  
Luiz F Figueiredo ◽  
Isabel Conceição ◽  
Carolina Carvalho ◽  
Eduardo Lattari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Nintendo Wii ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Regular Physical Exercise

Aims:The purpose of this study was assess the effect of a training session with Nintendo Wii® on the hemodynamic responses of healthy women not involved in regular physical exercise. Method: Twenty-five healthy unfit women aged 28 ± 6 years played for 10 minutes the game Free Run (Wii Fit Plus). The resting heart rate (RHR), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP), and double (rate-pressure) product (DP) were measured before and after activity. The HR during the activity (exercise heart rate, EHR) was measured every minute.Results:A statistically significant difference was observed between the RHR (75 ± 9 bpm) and the mean EHR (176 ± 15 bpm) (P < 0.001). The EHR remained in the target zone for aerobic exercise until the fifth minute of activity, which coincided with the upper limit of the aerobic zone (80% heart rate reserve (HRR) + RHR) from the sixth to tenth minute. The initial (110 ± 8 mmHg) and final (145 ± 17 mmHg) SBP (P < 0.01) were significantly different, as were the initial (71 ± 8 mmHg) and final (79 ± 9 mmHg) DBP (P < 0.01). A statistically significant difference was observed between the pre- (8.233 ± 1.141 bpm-mmHg) and post-activity (25.590 ± 4.117 bpm-mmHg) DP (P < 0.01).Conclusion:Physical exercise while playing Free Run sufficed to trigger acute hemodynamic changes in healthy women who were not engaged in regular physical exercise.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Gaharu (Grynops versteegii) terhadap Stres Transportasi pada Broiler Jantan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Ujang Suryadi ◽  
Anang Febri Prasetyo ◽  
Erfan Kustiawan ◽  
Urfa Khoirotun Khisan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rate Frequency

ABSTRACT. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ekstrak daun Gaharu (Grynops verstegii) sebelum transportasi terhadap stres transportasi dan penyusutan bobot badan pada broiler jantan. Materi yang digunakan sebagai sampel yaitu 60 ekor dari 200 ekor broiler jantan yang dipelihara, dan ekstrak daun Gaharu dari hasil destilasi. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan uji lanjut Duncan’s. Broiler jantan yang digunakan dalam penelitian terbagi menjadi 4 perlakuan level pemberian ekstrak daun Gaharu yang berbeda. Pemberian ekstrak daun Gaharu berdasarkan pada bobot badan (BB) broiler, yaitu P0 (tanpa pemberian ekstrak daun Gaharu sebagai kontrol ), P1 (250 mg/kg BB), P2 (300 mg/kg BB), P3 (350 mg/kg BB), setiap perlakuan memiliki lima ulangan dan setiap ulangan menggunakan 3 ekor. Parameter yang diamati adalah penyusutan bobot badan, frekuensi denyut jantung, suhu tubuh, dan frekuensi Pernafasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak daun Gaharu (Grynops verstegii) tidak berpengaruh nyata (P0,05) terhadap persentase susut bobot badan broiler, frekuensi denyut jantung, suhu tubuh dan frekuensi pernafasan. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun Gaharu sebelum transportasi pada broiler tidak berpengaruh terhadap penurunan stres setelah transportasi hal ini ditunjukkan oleh perubahan suhu tubuh, frekuensi pernafasan, peningkatan denyut jantung dan penyusutan bobot badan yang tidak berbeda nyata (P0.05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol.  (The effect of agarwood leaf extract (Grynops versteegii) on transport stress in male broilers) ABSTRAK. This study aims to determine the effect of adding agarwood leaf extract a source of antioxidants before transportation on body weight loss and the physiological conditions of broilers. The materials used were 60 male broilers as samples and agarwood leaf extract obtained through the extraction process using the distillation method. This study used experimental methods with a completely randomized design (CRD) with Duncan's test. The broilers used in the study consisted of 4 treatment groups with different levels of Gaharu leaf extract, they were P0 (control), P1 (250 mg/kg body weight, P2 (300 mg/kg body weight), P3 (350 mg/kg body weight), each treatment was repeated five times and each repetition used 3 individuals. The parameters observed were weight loss, heart rate frequency, increase in body temperature, and respiratory rate. The results showed that the addition of agarwood leaf extract (Grynops verstegii) had no significant effect (P 0.05) on the percentage of broiler body weight loss, heart rate frequency, increased body temperature and respiratory frequency. It was concluded that the addition of agarwood leaf extract before transportation could not reduce body weight loss and the physiological conditions of broilers.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM MONITORING PERKEMBANGAN BALITA MENGGUNAKAN MIKROKONTROLER ATMEGA328P TERINTEGRASI DENGAN DATABASE MYSQL DI POSYANDU PIAN RAYA KABUPATEN MUSIRAWAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Rudi Kurniawan ◽  
Lukman Sunardi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Development Data ◽  
Toddler Development

Toddler development stage is an important thing to always follow-up. A child is not the same as a miniature adult. Small children are still experiencing a process of growth and development. These two processes are important for the child's future in terms of physical and brain development. Delays or abnormalities at the stage of toddler development can have a negative impact on the toddler. This is the reason why knowing the stage of toddler development becomes a very important thing. Monitoring toddler development can be more practical by utilizing a combination of technology between microcontroller control and database usage as a result of monitoring. Monitoring conducted on toddlers can include monitoring the development of body weight, monitoring body temperature, and monitoring the toddler's heart rate. This microcontroller can process data generated by load cell, temperature sensor and heartbeat sensors to be processed and displayed in real time using the web with a MySQL database. Users who have logged in can access data on the development of body weight, body temperature, and heart rate of toddlers with good and organized records wherever and whenever. So that toddler development can be known easily. Designing a monitoring system for toddler development using a microcontroller that is integrated with the MySQL database at the Posyandu Pian Raya Kabupatem Musi Rawas can be a good solution so that toddler development data can be controlled and accessed anytime.

Urinary and hematologic indexes of hypohydration

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 1271-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Francesconi ◽  
R. W. Hubbard ◽  
P. C. Szlyk ◽  
D. Schnakenberg ◽  
D. Carlson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Moderate Altitude ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Erythropoietic Response

As part of a large-scale field feeding system test we were able to collect and study hundreds of aliquots of overnight urine samples obtained immediately prior to a fasting blood sample on days 1, 20, and 44 of the field test. The large number of experimental samples (greater than 650) and concomitant collection of blood and urine aliquots along with data on body weights gave us the opportunity to assess and quantitate the sensitivity of commonly used criteria of hypohydration. Urine aliquots for all test days were initially categorized by specific gravity (SG) greater than or equal to 1.03 (n = 124) or less than 1.03 (n = 540). Creatinine levels were elevated (P less than 0.001) in the concentrated urine samples, but a decreased trend in sodium-to-potassium ratios in these samples failed to achieve statistical significance (P greater than 0.05). However, when individuals with high SG urine were subclassified by a criterion of weight loss greater than 3% from original body weight, then creatinine concentrations were elevated (P = 0.05), whereas sodium-to-potassium ratios were decreased (P = 0.05) when subjects also with high SG but weight loss less than 3% were compared. Because of the moderate altitude (2,000 m) of the field site and the time of sojourn (44 days), there occurred a slight, but significant (P less than 0.001), erythropoietic response. Hematocrit and serum osmolality were not significantly different when examined by the criteria of high or low SG urine and weight loss greater than or less than 3% original body weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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