scholarly journals Genotype × Light Quality Interaction on Rose Architecture

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 913
Author(s):  
Laurent Crespel ◽  
Camille Le Bras ◽  
Thomas Amoroso ◽  
Mateo Gabriel Unda Ulloa ◽  
Philippe Morel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Branching Processes ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Plant shape, and thereby plant architecture, is a major component of the visual quality of ornamental plants. Plant architecture results from growth and branching processes and is dependent on genetic and environmental factors such as light quality. The effects of genotype and light quality and their interaction were evaluated on rose bush architecture. In a climatic growth chamber, three cultivars (Baipome, Knock Out® Radrazz and ‘The Fairy’) with contrasting architecture were exposed to three different light spectra, using white (W), red (R), and far-red (FR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs), i.e., W, WR, and WRFR. The R/FR ratio varied between treatments, ranging from 7.5 for WRFR to 23.2 for WR. Light intensity (224.6 μmol m−2 s−1) was the same for all treatments. Plants were grown up to the order 1 axis flowering stage, and their architecture was digitized at two observation scales—plant and axis. Highly significant genotype and light quality effects were revealed for most of the variables measured. An increase in stem length, in the number of axes and in the number of flowered axes was observed under the FR enriched light, WRFR. However, a strong genotype × light quality interaction, i.e., a genotype-specific response was highlighted. More in-depth eco-physiological and biochemical investigations are needed to better understand rose behavior in response to light quality and thus identify the determinants of the genotype × light quality interaction.

scholarly journals Effects of spectral light quality on the growth, productivity, and elemental ratios in differently pigmented marine phytoplankton species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Bercel ◽  
S. A. Kranz
Keyword(s):  
Light Quality ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Spectral Quality ◽  
Elemental Ratios ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Synechococcus Sp ◽  
Pigment Ratios

AbstractEffects of light quality on the growth, productivity, and cellular composition of three uniquely pigmented marine phytoplankton species were characterized. To accomplish this, cultures of Prochlorococcus marinus, Synechococcus sp., and Thalassiosira weissflogii were grown under three commercially available LEDs as well as a fluorescent growth light. Despite having equal photosynthetically active radiation, light quality and thus photosynthetically usable radiation differed between the treatments. Growth was unaffected in all species tested, yet primary productivity was affected in P. marinus and Synechococcus sp. All species regulated cellular carbon and nitrogen quotas as a direct response to light spectra, while cellular chlorophyll a was regulated in Synechococcus sp. and T. weissflogii only. Analysis of pigment ratios revealed minor acclimations in some of the cultures and photophysiological analysis indicated changes in the photoacclimation state between different light environments. These results show that while the species used in our experiment are able to maintain growth when exposed to lights of varying quality, underlying cellular metabolism and biochemistry can be affected. The data presented here highlight the importance of carefully choosing a lighting environment with a defined spectral quality when designing laboratory-based experiments or setting up bioreactors for biomass generation.HighlightWith light emitting diode-based growth lights becoming available to researchers, it is important to consider the spectral quality of light when designing experiments to understand responses of phytoplankton to environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of Light Spectra from LEDs and Scion × Rootstock Genotype Combinations on the Quality of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Filippos Bantis ◽  
Christodoulos Dangitsis ◽  
Athanasios Koukounaras
Keyword(s):  
Light Quality ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Genotype Combination ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Grafting is the main means of propagation for watermelon crops. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether light quality during graft healing variably affects different scion × rootstock genotype combinations. Two watermelon hybrid scions (Sunny Florida F1 and Celine F1) and two interspecific squash rootstocks (Radik and TZ-148) were used, and four scion × rootstock genotype combinations derived. After grafting, we tested seven light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which provided narrow-band red (R) and blue (B); R-B with 36% (36B), 24% (24B), and 12% (12B) blue; 12B with additional far-red (12B+FR); and white (W), in a healing chamber. In three genotype combinations, shoot length, leaf area, and shoot biomass were mainly enhanced under red-blue LEDs, while stem diameter was greater under R. In contrast, dry weight of roots, Dickson’s quality index, and ratio of shoot dry weight/length were variably affected in each genotype combination. From the results, it is concluded that light treatments differentially affected each genotype combination, but some parameters involving biomass production show genotypic dependency.

scholarly journals Comparison of Sole-source and Supplemental Lighting on Callus Formation and Initial Rhizogenesis of Gaura and Salvia Cuttings

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-691
Author(s):  
W. Garrett Owen ◽  
Roberto G. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Supplemental Lighting ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial

Variability in outdoor daily temperatures and photosynthetic daily light integrals (DLIs) from early spring to late fall limits the ability of propagators to accurately control propagation environments to consistently callus, root, and yield compact herbaceous perennial rooted liners. We evaluated and compared the effects of sole-source lighting (SSL) delivered from red (R) and blue (B) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to supplemental lighting (SL) provided by high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps on herbaceous perennial cutting morphology, physiology, and growth during callusing and initial rhizogenesis. Cuttings of perennial sage (Salvia nemorosa L. ‘Lyrical Blues’) and wand flower (Gaura lindheimeri Engelm. and A. Gray ‘Siskiyou Pink’) were propagated in a walk-in growth chamber under multilayer SSL provided by LEDs with [R (660 nm)]:[B (460 nm)] light ratios (%) of 100:0 (R100:B0), 75:25 (R75:B25), 50:50 (R50:B50), or 0:100 (R0:B100) delivering 60 µmol·m−2·s–1 for 16 hours (total DLI of 3.4 mol·m−2·d−1). In a glass-glazed greenhouse (GH control), cuttings were propagated under ambient solar light and day-extension SL provided by HPS lamps delivering 40 µmol·m−2·s–1 to provide a 16-hour photoperiod (total DLI of 3.3 mol·m−2·d−1). At 10 days after sticking cuttings, callus diameter and rooting percentage were similar among all light-quality treatments. For instance, callus diameter, a measure of growth, of wand flower cuttings increased from an average 1.7 mm at stick (0 day) to a range of 2.7 to 2.9 mm at 10 days after sticking, regardless of lighting treatment. Relative leaf chlorophyll content was generally greater under SSL R75:B25 or R50:B50 than all other light-quality treatments. However, stem length of perennial sage and wand flower cuttings propagated under SSL R50:B50 at 10 days were 21% and 30% shorter and resulted in 50% and 8% greater root biomass, respectively, compared with those under SL. The herbaceous perennial cuttings propagated in this study under SSL R50:B50 were of similar quality or more compact compared with those under SL, indicating that callus induction and initial rooting can occur under LEDs in a multilayer SSL propagation system.

Changes in the responses to light quality during ontogeny in Chenopodium album

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Fabio Causin ◽  
Renata D Wulff
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Avoidance Responses

Morphological shade-avoidance responses have been hypothesized to be a form of adaptive plasticity to improve competition for light; however, little is known about their intraspecific variability and their effect on reproductive fitness. To compare plant responses either at a common age or at a common phenological stage, two experiments were conducted with early- and late-flowering Chenopodium album plants exposed to different red (660 nm) to far red (730 nm) ratios. In the first experiment, plant height and number of leaves were recorded at several times during the vegetative stage, and at the onset of flowering, each plant was harvested and other growth traits were measured. In the second experiment, three destructive harvests were performed across the whole plant cycle. Plant growth and development markedly differed between early- and late-flowering plants in all of the conditions tested. Light treatments significantly affected stem length, total leaf number, total leaf area, and relative allocation to leaf biomass. In all families, the response of stem elongation to light treatments decreased later in the development, while changes in the other plastic responses were mostly due to variations in plant growth. No significant treatment effect was found on relative biomass allocation to reproductive structures. However, individual seed mass significantly differed between certain groups, indicating that light quality can affect reproductive fitness through changes in traits other than fruit or seed set.Key words: Chenopodium album, fitness, intraspecific variability, phenotypic plasticity, red to far red ratio, shade-avoidance responses.

scholarly journals Identification and expression of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene family members in tomato exposed to different light spectra

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Zexiong Chen ◽  
Juan Lou
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Floral Transition ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Phosphate Synthase

Light is the source of energy for plants. Light wavelengths, densities and irradiation periods act as signals directing morphological and physiological characteristics during plant growth and development. To evaluate the effects of light wavelengths on tomato growth and development, Solanum lycopersicum (cv. micro-Tom) seedlings were exposed to different light-quality environments, including white light and red light supplemented with blue light (at ratios of 3:1 and 8;1, respectively). Tomatoes grown under red light supplemented with blue light displayed significantly shorter stem length, a higher number of flower buds and rate of fruit set, but an extremely late flowering compared to white-light-grown plants. To illustrate the mechanism underlying the inhibition of stem growth and floral transition mediated by red/blue light, 10 trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) genes were identified in tomato, and bioinformatics analysis was performed. qRT-PCR analysis showed that SlTPSs were expressed widely throughout plant development and SlTPS1 was expressed at extremely high levels in stems and buds. Further analysis of several flowering-associated genes and microRNAs showed that the expressions of SlTPS1, SlFT and miR172 were significantly downregulated in tomato grown under red and blue light compared with those grown under white light, whereas miR156 transcript levels were increased. A regulatory model underlying vegetative growth and floral transition regulated by light qualities is presented. Our data provide evidence that light quality strongly affects plant growth and phase transition, most likely via the TPS1-T6P signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Growth, Development, and Chemical Constituents of Edible Ice Plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) Produced under Combinations of Light-emitting Diode Lights

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thitipat Weeplian ◽  
Tsair-Bor Yen ◽  
Yunn-Shy Ho
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Early Growth Stage ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Late Growth

To investigate the effects of light treatments on the growth morphology and chemical constituents of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. plants, red (R), blue (B), far red (Fr), and white (W) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were configured to provide different combinations of light spectra and photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs). In Expt. 1, five light spectra of red/white (RW), red/white/far red (RWFr), red/white/high-intensity far red (RWFrD), red/blue (RB), and red/blue/far red (RBFr) were set up in two 3-layered racks with circulating hydroponic systems. In each light spectrum treatment, the distance between the LED lamps and the transplanting board was regulated to provide low PPFD and high PPFD treatments. In Expt. 2, the effect of Fr was further investigated in plants in the early and late growth stages. RWFr light was modified by covering the Fr lamps to become red/white without far red (RW−Fr) light during the early growth stage, and then removing the covers to provide the Fr spectrum red/white with far red (RW+Fr) during the later growth stage. This study suggested that high PPFD was not beneficial for promoting plant growth in any light spectrum treatment. Among light spectrum treatments at a PPFD of 215 ± 15 μmol·m−2·s−1, RW light produced higher vegetative growth. In the late growth stage, RW and RB combined with Fr light promoted reproductive growth, antioxidant activities, and secondary compounds, such as phenolic compounds, pinitol accumulation, and betacyanins. Therefore, RW (227 μmol·m−2·s−1), RW−Fr (162 μmol·m−2·s−1), and RB (162 μmol·m−2·s−1) are suggested for the early growth stage to promote vegetative growth. Then additional Fr light can be applied in addition to RW for secondary metabolite induction in the late growth stage.

scholarly journals Relation between Changes in Photosynthetic Rate and Changes in Canopy Level Chlorophyll Fluorescence Generated by Light Excitation of Different Led Colours in Various Background Light

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linnéa Ahlman ◽  
Daniel Bånkestad ◽  
Torsten Wik
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Background Light ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
The Difference

Using light emitting diodes (LEDs) for greenhouse illumination enables the use of automatic control, since both light quality and quantity can be tuned. Potential candidate signals when using biological feedback for light optimisation are steady-state chlorophyll a fluorescence gains at 740 nm, defined as the difference in steady-state fluorescence at 740 nm divided by the difference in incident light quanta caused by (a small) excitation of different LED colours. In this study, experiments were conducted under various background light (quality and quantity) to evaluate if these fluorescence gains change relative to each other. The light regimes investigated were intensities in the range 160–1000 μ mol   m − 2   s − 1 , and a spectral distribution ranging from 50% to 100% red light. No significant changes in the mutual relation of the fluorescence gains for the investigated LED colours (400, 420, 450, 530, 630 and 660 nm), could be observed when the background light quality was changed. However, changes were noticed as function of light quantity. When passing the photosynthesis saturate intensity level, no further changes in the mutual fluorescence gains could be observed.

scholarly journals Constitutive Expression of Aechmea fasciata SPL14 (AfSPL14) Accelerates Flowering and Changes the Plant Architecture in Arabidopsis

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Lei ◽  
Zhi-ying Li ◽  
Jia-bin Wang ◽  
Yun-liu Fu ◽  
Meng-fei Ao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Squamosa Promoter Binding Protein ◽  
Aechmea Fasciata ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
The Aesthetic

Variations in flowering time and plant architecture have a crucial impact on crop biomass and yield, as well as the aesthetic value of ornamental plants. Aechmea fasciata, a member of the Bromeliaceae family, is a bromeliad variety that is commonly cultivated worldwide. Here, we report the characterization of AfSPL14, a squamosa promoter binding protein-like gene in A. fasciata. AfSPL14 was predominantly expressed in the young vegetative organs of adult plants. The expression of AfSPL14 could be upregulated within 1 h by exogenous ethephon treatment. The constitutive expression of AfSPL14 in Arabidopsis thaliana caused early flowering and variations in plant architecture, including smaller rosette leaves and thicker and increased numbers of main inflorescences. Our findings suggest that AfSPL14 may help facilitate the molecular breeding of A. fasciata, other ornamental and edible bromeliads (e.g., pineapple), and even cereal crops.

Changes in light spectra modify secondary compound concentrations and BVOC emissions of Norway spruce seedlings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Kivimäenpää ◽  
Virpi Virjamo ◽  
Rajendra Prasad Ghimire ◽  
Jarmo Holopainen ◽  
Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Light Spectra

Our objective was to study how changes in the light spectra affects growth, carbohydrate, chlorophyll, carotenoid, terpene, alkaloid and phenolic concentrations, and BVOC (biogenic volatile organic compound) emissions of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings. This study was conducted during the growth of the third needle generation in plant growth chambers. Two light spectra with the main difference in proportion of blue light (400-500 nm) and equal photon flux densities were provided by LED (light-emitting diode) lamps: 1) control (white light + 12 % blue light) and 2) increased blue light (+B) (white light + 45% blue light). The +B treatment increased needle concentrations of total flavonoids and acetophenones. The major changes in the phenolic profile were an accumulation of astragalin derivatives and the aglycone of picein. +B decreased concentrations of the main alkaloid compound, epidihydropinidine, and it’s precursor, 2-methyl-6-propyl-1,6-piperideine, emission rates of limonene, myrcene and total monoterpenes, and concentrations of a few terpenoid compounds, mainly in stems. Growth, needle carbohydrates and pigments were not affected. The results suggest that supplemental blue light shifts carbon allocation between secondary metabolism routes, from alkaloid and terpenoid synthesis to flavonoid and acetophenone synthesis. The changes may affect herbivory and abiotic stress tolerance of Norway spruce.

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