scholarly journals Piezoelectric Actuators for Tactile and Elasticity Sensing

Actuators ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Toledo ◽  
Víctor Ruiz-Díez ◽  
Jorge Hernando-García ◽  
José Luis Sánchez-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuators ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Laser Vibrometer ◽  
Electrical Measurements

Piezoelectric actuators have achieved remarkable progress in many fields, being able to generate forces or displacements to perform scanning, tuning, manipulating, tactile sensing or delivering functions. In this work, two piezoelectric PZT (lead zirconate titanate) bimorph actuators, with different tip contact materials, were applied as tactile sensors to estimate the modulus of elasticity, or Young’s modulus, of low-stiffness materials. The actuators were chosen to work in resonance, taking advantage of a relatively low resonant frequency of the out-of-plane vibrational modes, associated with a convenient compliance, proven by optical and electrical characterization. Optical measurements performed with a scanning laser vibrometer confirmed that the displacement per applied voltage was around 437 nm/V for the resonator with the lower mass tip. In order to determine the modulus of elasticity of the sensed materials, the stiffness coefficient of the resonator was first calibrated against a force sensor, obtaining a value of 1565 ± 138 N/m. The actuators were mounted in a positioning stage to allow approximation and contact of the sensor tip with a set of target materials. Electrical measurements were performed using the resonator as part of an oscillator circuit, and the modulus of elasticity of the sample was derived from the contact resonant frequency curve of the cantilever–sample system. The resulting sensor is an effective, low-cost and non-destructive solution compared to atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. Materials with different modulus of elasticity were tested and the results compared to values reported in the literature.

Temperature Characteristics of Magnetoelectric Effect in Bilayer Ferromagnetic-Piezoelectric Structures

2015 ◽  
Vol 233-234 ◽  
pp. 357-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Burdin ◽  
Dmitry Chashin ◽  
Nikolay Ekonomov ◽  
Yuri Fetisov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Magnetoelectric Effect ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Magnetic Field Sensors ◽  
Temperature Characteristics ◽  
Magnetoelectric Coefficient ◽  
Piezoelectric Structures

Temperature characteristics of resonant magnetoelectric effect in bilayer structures consisting of langatate, lead zirconate titanate, nickel, and amorphous ferromagnetic Metglas layers have been investigated. The measurements were performed in the temperature range of 150-400 K. The influence of the ferromagnetic and piezoelectric layer’s parameters on the temperature dependence of resonant frequency and magnetoelectric coefficient αE has been demonstrated. The results can be used to develop magnetoelectric magnetic field sensors.

Electrical Determination of Elastic Modulus of Individual PZT Nanofibers by In Situ SEM

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Yong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Electrical Measurement ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Oscillating Electric Field ◽  
The Individual

We present an electrical measurement of elastic modulus of single electrospun lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nanofibers under harmonic vibration using in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with a nanomanipulator. The PZT nanofiber was fabricated using an electrospinning process and collected on a silicon substrate with 10 μm trenches. The individual PZT nanofibers were excited with an oscillating electric field applied by a network analyzer and the resonant frequency was observed through the SEM along with the transfer frequency spectra simultaneously. The elastic modulus was calculated as ∼70 GPa from this resonant frequency using Euler-Bernoulli equation.

Measurements of Piezoelectric Constant D33 of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) Through Use of a Mini Impact Hammer

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Guo ◽  
G. Z. Cao ◽  
I. Y. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Piezoelectric Constant ◽  
Impulsive Force ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Zirconate Titanate

Lead Zirconate Titanate Oxide (PbZrxTi1−xO3 or PZT) is a piezoelectric material widely used as sensors and actuators. For microactuators, PZT often appears in the form of thin films to maintain proper aspect ratios. This paper is to present a simple and low-cost method to measure piezoelectric constant d33 of PZT thin films, which is a major challenge encountered in the actuator development. We use an impact hammer with a sharp tip to generate an impulsive force that acts on the PZT film. The impulsive force and the responding voltage are then measured to calculate the piezoelectric constant d33. The impulsive force has large enough amplitude so that a good signal-to-noise ratio can be maintained. Furthermore, the impulsive force has extremely short duration, so the discharge effect (i.e., the time constant effect) of the PZT circuit can be ignored. Preliminary testing on bulk PZT through this new method leads to two conclusions. Firstly, boundary conditions of the specimen are critical. In particular, the specimen must be securely fastened. Since the impulsive load only acts on a tiny area, loose boundary conditions can introduce spurious results from other piezoelectric constant d31. Secondly, size of the specimen is critical. Specimen of smaller size leads to more accurate measurements of the piezoelectric constant d33.

Lead Zirconate Titanate Films Produced by ‘Facing Targets’ RF-Sputtering

1990 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Roy ◽  
K. F. Etzold ◽  
J. J. Cuomo
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Rf Sputtering ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pzt Films

ABSTRACTThe growth of ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films by rf-sputtering using facing targets is described. This study has focused on producing thin (<500 nm) PZT films on a wide range of substrates including magnesium oxide, spinel, alumina, silicon oxide, and the respective substrates coated with platinum. Deposition was from two opposed targets separated by 10–15 cm, with the substrate plane normal to the targets and outside the cylinder defined by the two targets. This geometry was chosen to obtain compositional uniformity and avoid ion bombardment effects. The deposition temperatures ranged from RT to 700 °C and the process gas was a mixture of argon and oxygen. Effects of deposition conditions and post-deposition annealing on film composition, microstructure, and properties were evaluated using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), x-ray diffraction, optical and electron microscopy, and various electrical measurements. Optimization of process conditions is discussed in terms of phase purity, preferred orientation, and minimization of electrode interaction.

scholarly journals New “HAPA”, “FTA”, and “HD-FTA” Piezoelectric Actuators

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Dian-Hua Lin ◽  
Yuexue Xia ◽  
Jia-Hao Koh ◽  
Fang-Chih Lim ◽  
Leong-Chew Lim
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuators ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Actual Design ◽  
Fractional Increase ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Multiple Units

“HAPA” stands for High-Authority Piezoelectric Actuator, which describes high-performance piezoelectric actuators of large stroke and blocking force. “HAPAs” are made possible by high-bending-stiffness connectors that connect multiple units of piezoceramic stacks into a 2-level actuation structure. Present HAPA actuators are fitted with commercial piezoceramic stacks. For instance, a “HAPA-(2+2)” comprises 4 lead zirconate titanate (PZT) stacks, 2 in the upper level with displacement projecting upward and 2 in the lower level with displacement projecting downward. They not only double the axial displacement of individual stacks with only fractional increase in device length but also are of 1.5 to 3 larger blocking force depending on the actual design. “FTA” stands for Flextensional Actuator, in which the horizontal extensional displacement of PZT stacks is amplified to yield much larger contractional vertical displacement via a diamond-shaped elastic frame structure. A range of new FTAs has been developed by us using single or multiple units of PZT stacks, of which the performances are described in this work. “HD-FTA” stands for HAPA-Driven Flextensional Actuator, in which HAPA piezoelectric actuators are used as the motor section to drive diamond-shaped elastic members of various designs for further displacement amplification. Several HD-FTAs, driven by a HAPA-(2+2) actuator, have been developed. Compared with standard FTAs of comparable stroke, HD-FTAs display a higher working load but of smaller overall length. “HAPA”, “FTA”, and “HD-FTA” piezoelectric actuators find applications when a smaller actuator length is advantageous in addition to the required moderate-to-large displacement and working load.

scholarly journals Arrangement of Live Human Cells through Acoustic Waves Generated by Piezoelectric Actuators for Tissue Engineering Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3477
Author(s):  
Marialaura Serzanti ◽  
Marco Baù ◽  
Marco Demori ◽  
Serena Calamaio ◽  
Manuela Cominelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuators ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Al2o3 Substrate ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Plate Waves ◽  
Interdigital Transducer

In this paper, the possibility to steer and confine live human cells by means of acoustic waves, such as flexural plate waves (FPWs), generated by piezoelectric actuators applied to non-piezoelectric substrates, has been explored. A device with two lead zirconate titanate (PZT) actuators with an interdigital transducer (IDT) screen-printed on an alumina (Al2O3) substrate has been fabricated and tested. The experimental results show that, by exciting the actuators at their resonant frequencies, FPW modes are generated in the substrate. By exploiting the device, arrangements of cells on lines at frequency-dependent distances have been obtained. To maintain the alignment after switching off the actuator, cells were entrapped in a fibrin clot that was cultured for several days, enabling the formation of cellular patterns.

scholarly journals Analysis and Comparison of Macro Fiber Composites and Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) Discs for an Energy Harvesting Floor

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5951
Author(s):  
Carlos Quiterio Gómez Muñoz ◽  
Gabriel Zamacola Alcalde ◽  
Fausto Pedro García Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Pressure Cycle ◽  
Low Consumption

The main drawback in many electronic devices is the duration of their batteries. Energy harvesting provides a solution for these low-consumption devices. Piezoelectric energy harvesting use is growing because it collects small amounts of clean energy and transforms it to electricity. Synthetic piezoelectric materials are a feasible alternative to generate energy for low consumption systems. In addition to the energy generation, each pressure cycle in the piezoelectric material can provide information for the device, for example, counting the passage of people. The main contribution of this work is to study, build, and test a low-cost energy harvesting floor using piezoelectric transducers to estimate the amount of energy that could be produced for a connected device. Several piezoelectric transducers have been employed and analyzed, providing accurate results.

Piezoelectric Scanner

2021 ◽  
pp. 277-298
Author(s):  
C. Julian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Physical Principle ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Titanate Ceramics

This chapter discusses the physical principle, design, and characterization of piezoelectric scanners, which is the heart of STM and AFM. The concept of piezoelectricity is introduced at the elementary level. Two major piezoelectric materials used in STM and AFM, quartz and lead zirconate titanate ceramics (PZT), are described. After a brief discussion of the tripod scanner and the bimorph, much emphasis is on the most important scanner in STM and AFM: the tube scanner. A step-by-step derivation of the deflection formula is presented. The in-situ testing and calibration method based on pure electrical measurements is described. The formulas of the resonance frequencies are also presented. To compensate the non-linear behavior of the tube scanner, an improved design, the S-scanner, is described. Finally, a step-by-step procedure to repole a depoled piezo is presented.

Design of Cellular Piezoelectric Actuators With High Blocking Force and High Strain

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin Neal ◽  
H. Harry Asada
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuators ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Small Strains ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Subsequent Layer

Preliminary design and analysis of a new concept for efficiently amplifying piezoelectric actuators are presented in this paper. Piezoelectric actuators, such as Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT), have produced substantial stress at high bandwidth, but at very small strains on the order of 0.1%. This paper presents a new strain amplification design to be utilized as the first layer in the previously designed “nested rhombus” multi-layer mechanism. This mechanism produces substantial strain through exponentially increasing strain with each subsequent layer. However, the blocking force produced in previous designs is insufficient for many practical applications. Through static and kinematic analysis, this paper addresses how this new concept sufficiently amplifies strain, and presents numerous issues to consider in designing for greater blocking force. A prototype of this new concept provides 126 N of blocking force and displacement of 0.3 mm.

scholarly journals Dielectrophoresis Structurization of PZT/PDMS Micro-Composite for Elastronic Function: Towards Dielectric and Piezoelectric Enhancement

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4071
Author(s):  
Giulia D’Ambrogio ◽  
Omar Zahhaf ◽  
Minh-Quyen Le ◽  
Jean-Fabien Capsal ◽  
Pierre-Jean Cottinet
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ferroelectric Ceramics ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
Flexible Material ◽  
Application Fields

Piezoelectric materials have been used for decades in the field of sensors as transducers and energy harvesters. Among these, piezoelectric composites are emerging being extremely advantageous in terms of production, costs, and versatility. However, the piezoelectric performances of a composite with randomly dispersed filler are not comparable with bulk ferroelectric ceramics and electroactive polymers. In order to achieve highly performing and low-cost materials, this work aims to develop flexible composites made of Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) filler in Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix, with a specific internal structure called quasi-1–3 connectivity. Such a structure, comprising particles arranged in columns along a preferred direction, is performed through dielectrophoresis by applying an alternating electric field on the composite before and during the polymerization. The developed flexible material could be introduced into complex structures in various application fields, as sensors for structural monitoring.

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