scholarly journals Arrangement of Live Human Cells through Acoustic Waves Generated by Piezoelectric Actuators for Tissue Engineering Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3477
Author(s):  
Marialaura Serzanti ◽  
Marco Baù ◽  
Marco Demori ◽  
Serena Calamaio ◽  
Manuela Cominelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuators ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Al2o3 Substrate ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Plate Waves ◽  
Interdigital Transducer

In this paper, the possibility to steer and confine live human cells by means of acoustic waves, such as flexural plate waves (FPWs), generated by piezoelectric actuators applied to non-piezoelectric substrates, has been explored. A device with two lead zirconate titanate (PZT) actuators with an interdigital transducer (IDT) screen-printed on an alumina (Al2O3) substrate has been fabricated and tested. The experimental results show that, by exciting the actuators at their resonant frequencies, FPW modes are generated in the substrate. By exploiting the device, arrangements of cells on lines at frequency-dependent distances have been obtained. To maintain the alignment after switching off the actuator, cells were entrapped in a fibrin clot that was cultured for several days, enabling the formation of cellular patterns.

An Ultrasound Transducer by Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) Nanofibers

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guitao Zhang ◽  
Yong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Ultrasound Transducer ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Pulse Delay ◽  
Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Electrospinning Method ◽  
Assumed Mode

In this paper, we demonstrate Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nanofibers as a transducer to generate and detect ultrasound acoustic waves. PZT nanofibers with average diameter of 102nm were fabricated by the electrospinning method. The as-fabricated nanofibers were collected and aligned across a 10 μm silicon trench with Au electrodes. After annealing, the device was tested with the pulse/delay method. Two resonant frequencies, 8 MHz and 13MHz, were detected respectively. By using the Hamilton’s principle for coupled electromechanical systems with properly assumed mode shape, the resonant frequency was caudated. Base on the current testing result, a broadband ultrasound transducer was envisioned.

Linear and Nonlinear Analysis of Additively Manufactured Material With Different Porosity Induced by Varying Material Printing Speed Using Guided Acoustic Waves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SeHyuk Park ◽  
Hamad Alnuaimi ◽  
Anna Hayes ◽  
Madison Sitkiewicz ◽  
Umar Amjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Nonlinear Analysis ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Nonlinear Ultrasonic ◽  
Scan Speed ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Characterization Of Materials

Abstract Guided acoustic wave based techniques have been found to be very effective for damage detection, and both quantitative and qualitative characterization of materials. In this research, guided acoustic wave techniques are used for porosity evaluation of additively manufactured materials. A metal 3D printer, Concept Laser Mlab 200 R Cusing™, is used to manufacture 316L additively manufactured (AM) stainless steel specimens. Two levels of porosity are investigated in this study, which was controlled by a suitable combination of scan speed and laser power. The sample with lower level of porosity is obtained with a low scanning speed. Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) transducers are used to generate guided acoustic waves. The signal is excited and propagated through the specimens in a single sided transmission mode setup. Signal processing of the recorded signals for damage analysis involves both linear and nonlinear analyses. Linear ultrasonic parameters such as the time-of-flight and magnitude of the propagating waves are recorded. The nonlinear ultrasonic parameter, the Sideband Peak Count Index (SPC-I) is obtained by a newly developed nonlinear analysis technique. Results obtained for both specimens are analyzed and compared using both linear and nonlinear ultrasonic techniques. Finally, the effectiveness of SPC-I technique in monitoring porosity levels in AM specimens is discussed.

scholarly journals New “HAPA”, “FTA”, and “HD-FTA” Piezoelectric Actuators

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Dian-Hua Lin ◽  
Yuexue Xia ◽  
Jia-Hao Koh ◽  
Fang-Chih Lim ◽  
Leong-Chew Lim
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuators ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Actual Design ◽  
Fractional Increase ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Multiple Units

“HAPA” stands for High-Authority Piezoelectric Actuator, which describes high-performance piezoelectric actuators of large stroke and blocking force. “HAPAs” are made possible by high-bending-stiffness connectors that connect multiple units of piezoceramic stacks into a 2-level actuation structure. Present HAPA actuators are fitted with commercial piezoceramic stacks. For instance, a “HAPA-(2+2)” comprises 4 lead zirconate titanate (PZT) stacks, 2 in the upper level with displacement projecting upward and 2 in the lower level with displacement projecting downward. They not only double the axial displacement of individual stacks with only fractional increase in device length but also are of 1.5 to 3 larger blocking force depending on the actual design. “FTA” stands for Flextensional Actuator, in which the horizontal extensional displacement of PZT stacks is amplified to yield much larger contractional vertical displacement via a diamond-shaped elastic frame structure. A range of new FTAs has been developed by us using single or multiple units of PZT stacks, of which the performances are described in this work. “HD-FTA” stands for HAPA-Driven Flextensional Actuator, in which HAPA piezoelectric actuators are used as the motor section to drive diamond-shaped elastic members of various designs for further displacement amplification. Several HD-FTAs, driven by a HAPA-(2+2) actuator, have been developed. Compared with standard FTAs of comparable stroke, HD-FTAs display a higher working load but of smaller overall length. “HAPA”, “FTA”, and “HD-FTA” piezoelectric actuators find applications when a smaller actuator length is advantageous in addition to the required moderate-to-large displacement and working load.

Design of Cellular Piezoelectric Actuators With High Blocking Force and High Strain

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin Neal ◽  
H. Harry Asada
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuators ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Small Strains ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Subsequent Layer

Preliminary design and analysis of a new concept for efficiently amplifying piezoelectric actuators are presented in this paper. Piezoelectric actuators, such as Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT), have produced substantial stress at high bandwidth, but at very small strains on the order of 0.1%. This paper presents a new strain amplification design to be utilized as the first layer in the previously designed “nested rhombus” multi-layer mechanism. This mechanism produces substantial strain through exponentially increasing strain with each subsequent layer. However, the blocking force produced in previous designs is insufficient for many practical applications. Through static and kinematic analysis, this paper addresses how this new concept sufficiently amplifies strain, and presents numerous issues to consider in designing for greater blocking force. A prototype of this new concept provides 126 N of blocking force and displacement of 0.3 mm.

Properties of Lead Zirconate Titanate Thick-Film Piezoelectric Actuators on Ceramic Substrates

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 448-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darko Belavic ◽  
Marina Santo Zarnik ◽  
Janez Holc ◽  
Marko Hrovat ◽  
Marija Kosec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thick Film ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuators ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Ceramic Substrates ◽  
Zirconate Titanate

scholarly journals Active PZT Composite Microfluidic Channel for Bioparticle Manipulation

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusas ◽  
Pilkauskas ◽  
Janusas ◽  
Palevicius
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Copper Foil ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Free Particle ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Polyvinyl Butyral ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Bottom Surface

The concept of active microchannel for precise manipulation of particles in biomedicine is reported in this paper. A novel vibration-assisted thermal imprint method is proposed for effective formation of a microchannel network in the nanocomposite piezo polymer layer. In this method, bulk acoustic waves of different wavelengths excited in an imprinted microstructure enable it to function in trapping–patterning, valve, or free particle passing modes. Acoustic waves are excited using a special pattern of electrodes formed on its top surface and a single electric ground electrode formed on the bottom surface. To develop the microchannel, we first started with lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nanopowder [Pb (Zrx, Ti1–x) O3] synthesis. The PZT was further mixed with three different binding materials—polyvinyl butyral (PVB), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and polystyrene (PS)—in benzyl alcohol to prepare a screen-printing paste. Then, using conventional screen printing techniques, three types of PZT coatings on copper foil substrates were obtained. To improve the voltage characteristics, the coatings were polarized. Their structural and chemical composition was analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), while the mechanical and electrical characteristics were determined using the COMSOL Multiphysics model with experimentally obtained parameters of periodic response of the layered copper foil structure. The hydrophobic properties of the PZT composite were analyzed by measuring the contact angle between the distilled water drop and the three different polymer composites: PZT with PVB, PZT with PMMA, and PZT with PS. Finally, the behavior of the microchannel formed in the nanocomposite piezo polymer was simulated by applying electrical excitation signal on the pattern of electrodes and then analyzed experimentally using holographic interferometry. Wave-shaped vibration forms of the microchannel were obtained, thereby enabling particle manipulation.

scholarly journals Piezoelectric Actuators for Tactile and Elasticity Sensing

Actuators ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Toledo ◽  
Víctor Ruiz-Díez ◽  
Jorge Hernando-García ◽  
José Luis Sánchez-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuators ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Laser Vibrometer ◽  
Electrical Measurements

Piezoelectric actuators have achieved remarkable progress in many fields, being able to generate forces or displacements to perform scanning, tuning, manipulating, tactile sensing or delivering functions. In this work, two piezoelectric PZT (lead zirconate titanate) bimorph actuators, with different tip contact materials, were applied as tactile sensors to estimate the modulus of elasticity, or Young’s modulus, of low-stiffness materials. The actuators were chosen to work in resonance, taking advantage of a relatively low resonant frequency of the out-of-plane vibrational modes, associated with a convenient compliance, proven by optical and electrical characterization. Optical measurements performed with a scanning laser vibrometer confirmed that the displacement per applied voltage was around 437 nm/V for the resonator with the lower mass tip. In order to determine the modulus of elasticity of the sensed materials, the stiffness coefficient of the resonator was first calibrated against a force sensor, obtaining a value of 1565 ± 138 N/m. The actuators were mounted in a positioning stage to allow approximation and contact of the sensor tip with a set of target materials. Electrical measurements were performed using the resonator as part of an oscillator circuit, and the modulus of elasticity of the sample was derived from the contact resonant frequency curve of the cantilever–sample system. The resulting sensor is an effective, low-cost and non-destructive solution compared to atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. Materials with different modulus of elasticity were tested and the results compared to values reported in the literature.

Convergent-bceam diffraction studies on lead zirconate titanate Ceramics

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 482-483
Author(s):  
M.L.A. Dass ◽  
T.A. Bielicki ◽  
G. Thomas ◽  
T. Yamamoto ◽  
K. Okazaki
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Direct Proof ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Subsolidus Phase ◽  
Pzt Ceramics ◽  
Subsolidus Phase Diagram ◽  
Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Cbd Method ◽  
Titanate Ceramics

Lead zirconate titanate, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT), ceramics are ferroelectrics formed as solid solutions between ferroelectric PbTiO3 and ant iferroelectric PbZrO3. The subsolidus phase diagram is shown in figure 1. PZT transforms between the Ti-rich tetragonal (T) and the Zr-rich rhombohedral (R) phases at a composition which is nearly independent of temperature. This phenomenon is called morphotropism, and the boundary between the two phases is known as the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). The excellent piezoelectric and dielectric properties occurring at this composition are believed to.be due to the coexistence of T and R phases, which results in easy poling (i.e. orientation of individual grain polarizations in the direction of an applied electric field). However, there is little direct proof of the coexistence of the two phases at the MPB, possibly because of the difficulty of distinguishing between them. In this investigation a CBD method was found which would successfully differentiate between the phases, and this was applied to confirm the coexistence of the two phases.

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