scholarly journals Irisin, Fibroplast Growth Factor-21, and Follistatin Responses to Endurance Rowing Training Session in Female Rowers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaak Jürimäe ◽  
Sille Vaiksaar ◽  
Priit Purge ◽  
Vallo Tillmann
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
National Level ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Training Stress ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Training

Purpose: This study examined selected myokine responses to an endurance rowing training session, and whether metabolic demands of the acute aerobic rowing exercise together with training volume, aerobic capacity, and body composition variables affect potential exercise-induced changes in the myokine levels in female rowers.Methods: Fifteen national level female rowers [18.3 ± 1.6 years; 172.0 ± 5.0 cm, 67.5 ± 8.8 kg; maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max): 47.2 ± 7.9 ml.min.−1 kg−1] performed a 1-h rowing ergometer exercise at the intensity of 70% of VO2max [distance: 12.1 ± 1.1 km; energy expenditure (EE): 639 ± 69 kcal; heart rate (HR): 151 ± 7 beats.min−1] followed by a 30-min recovery period. Venous blood samples were collected before and after exercise, and analyzed for irisin, fibroplast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), and follistatin conentrations.Results: Plasma irisin and FGF-21 concentrations were increased (by 8%; p = 0.013 and by 13%; p < 0.0001, respectively) immediately after the aerobic rowing exercise. Follistatin was significantly increased (by 11%; p = 0.001) only after the first 30 min of recovery. Exercise metabolic demand variables such as distance covered and total EE were correlated with the pre-to-post-exercise increases in FGF-21 concentrations (r = 0.52; p = 0.047 and r = 0.68; p = 0.005, respectively). Exercise-induced increases in irisin levels were related to aerobic capacity as measured by VO2max (r = 0.53; p = 0.041) and training stress as measured by weekly training volume (r = 0.54; p = 0.039) in female rowers.Conclusion: Acute negative energy balance induced by a single endurance rowing training session elicited significant increases in irisin, FGF-21, and follistatin levels in national level female rowers. While exercise-induced increases in FGF-21 levels were associated with exercise metabolic demand measures, exercise-induced increases in irisin concentrations were related to aerobic capacity and training stress measures in female rowers.

scholarly journals Effect of Player Role and Competition Level on Player Demands in Basketball

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Jodie Palmer ◽  
Daniel Wundersitz ◽  
Rodrigo Bini ◽  
Michael Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Weekly Training ◽  
Competition Level ◽  
Training Demands ◽  
And Training

This study compared basketball training and match demands between player roles (starters, in-rotation bench players, out-rotation bench players) and between competition levels (semi-professional, professional). Thirty-seven players from one professional women’s team, one semi-professional women’s team, and one semi-professional men’s team wore accelerometers during training and matches throughout a competitive season. All teams were used for player role comparisons and the women’s teams were used to compare competition levels. Match and training session average intensity and volume, and durations of relative exercise intensities (inactive, light, moderate-vigorous, maximal, supramaximal) were calculated. Compared to out-rotation bench players, starters experienced twice the average match intensity and volume, spent 50% less match time being inactive, and spent 1.7–4.2× more match time in all other activity categories (p < 0.01). Compared to in-rotation bench players, starters experienced 1.2× greater average match intensity and volume, spent 17% less match time being inactive, and spent 1.4–1.5× more match time performing moderate-vigorous and maximal activity (p < 0.01). No differences in match demands were found between women’s competition levels, however the professional team experienced double the cumulative weekly training volume of the semi-professional team and spent 1.6–2.1× more cumulative weekly time in all activity categories (p < 0.01). To improve performance and reduce injury risk, players should prepare for the greatest match demands they could encounter during a season while considering potential changes to their role. Additionally, players might need their training volume managed when transitioning from a semi-professional to a professional season to reduce the injury risk from sharp increases in training demands.

Circulating Inflammatory Cytokine Responses to Endurance Exercise in Female Rowers

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (14) ◽  
pp. 1041-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaak Jürimäe ◽  
Sille Vaiksaar ◽  
Priit Purge
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Exercise Induced

AbstractThis investigation examined the effects of acute rowing exercise on a panel of 12 different inflammatory cytokines. Fifteen female rowers (18.3±1.6 yrs; 172.0±5.0 cm; 67.5±8.8 kg; maximal oxygen consumption [VO2max]: 47.2±7.9 ml.min.−1kg−1) completed a 1-h endurance exercise (distance: 12.1±1.1 km; energy expenditure [EE]: 639±69 kcal; heart rate: 151±7 beats.min−1; intensity: 79.6±3.5% of the second ventilatory turn point). Venous blood samples were analysed for interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1α, IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentrations. Rowing exercise resulted increment (P<0.05) in IL-6, IL-8, VEGF and MCP-1. Exercise metabolic demand variables such as rating of perceived exertion (r=0.61), distance covered (r=0.60) and EE (r=0.57) were related (P<0.05) to changes in VEGF concentration. Cardiorespiratory fitness as measured by VO2max was correlated with changes in IL-6 (r=–0.55; P<0.05) level. In conclusion, acute exercise-induced inflammatory reaction was induced by a significant increase in IL-6, IL-8, VEGF and MCP-1 concentrations. Variance in exercise-induced increases in inflammatory cytokines in response to prolonged endurance exercise was characterised by exercise metabolic demand and cardiorespiratory fitness measures in female rowers.

Grading, Time Course, and Incidence of Exercise-Induced nduced Airway Obstruction and Hyperinflation in Asthmatic Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (5s) ◽  
pp. 868-879
Author(s):  
Gerd J. A. Cropp ◽  
I. J. Schmultzler
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Small Airway ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Small Airway Obstruction

We evaluated clinical status and pulmonary function in 60 perennially asthmatic and 11 normal children before and repeatedly after incrementally increasing bicycle ergometer exercise. The changes in clinical status and pulmonary function which were elicited by strenuous exercise were graded by an air exchange and a physiological grading system respectively. Normal children showed no significant clinical or physiological changes after exercise. Strenuous exercise elicited significant deteriorations in clinical and physiological measurements in 36% to 77% of asthmatic girls and 46% to 90% of asthmatic boys, the frequency depending on the test used to determine exercise-induced abnormalities. The incidence of exercise-induced asthma (EIA) was statistically significantly higher in asthmatic boys than girls. The higher incidence of EIA in boys was primarily due to a larger number of very severe attacks in boys than girls; mild and moderate EIA was about equally common in the two sexes. Most patients with EIA developed large and small airway obstruction, although large airway obstruction tended to be the predominant and the more severe abnormality. Clinical and physiological abnormalities, regardless of severity, were usually most marked during the first ten minutes after exercise and lessened thereafter. Mild EIA usually lasted for only 15 minutes or less; severe EIA improved, but usually did not resolve within 35 minutes of exercise. There were three patients in whom the severity of EIA got worse after exercise and an additional seven in whom the improvement was minimal. In these ten patients isoproterenol aerosol terminated EIA, indicating that exercise-induced large and small airway obstruction in asthmatic children is primarily. if not solely. due to bronchospasm.

scholarly journals Lower extremity muscle size and strength and aerobic capacity decrease with caloric restriction but not with exercise-induced weight loss

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. Weiss ◽  
Susan B. Racette ◽  
Dennis T. Villareal ◽  
Luigi Fontana ◽  
Karen Steger-May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Exercise Induced

Caloric restriction (CR) results in fat loss; however, it may also result in loss of muscle and thereby reduce strength and aerobic capacity (V̇o2 max). These effects may not occur with exercise-induced weight loss (EX) because of the anabolic effects of exercise on heart and skeletal muscle. We tested the hypothesis that CR reduces muscle size and strength and V̇o2 max, whereas EX preserves or improves these parameters. Healthy 50- to 60-yr-old men and women (body mass index of 23.5–29.9 kg/m2) were studied before and after 12 mo of weight loss by CR ( n = 18) or EX ( n = 16). Lean mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, thigh muscle volume by MRI, isometric and isokinetic knee flexor strength by dynamometry, and treadmill V̇o2 max by indirect calorimetry. Both interventions caused significant decreases in body weight (CR: −10.7 ± 1.4%, EX: −9.5 ± 1.5%) and lean mass (CR: −3.5 ± 0.7%, EX: −2.2 ± 0.8%), with no significant differences between groups. Significant decreases in thigh muscle volume (−6.9 ± 0.8%) and composite knee flexion strength (−7.2 ± 3%) occurred in the CR group only. Absolute V̇o2 max decreased significantly in the CR group (−6.8 ± 2.3%), whereas the EX group had significant increases in both absolute (+15.5 ± 2.4%) and relative (+28.3 ± 3.0%) V̇o2 max. These data provide evidence that muscle mass and absolute physical work capacity decrease in response to 12 mo of CR but not in response to a similar weight loss induced by exercise. These findings suggest that, during EX, the body adapts to maintain or even enhance physical performance capacity.

Game-Based Augmented Visual Feedback for Enlarging Speech Movements in Parkinson's Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6S) ◽  
pp. 1818-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana Yunusova ◽  
Elaine Kearney ◽  
Madhura Kulkarni ◽  
Brandon Haworth ◽  
Melanie Baljko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Retention Session ◽  
Tongue Movements ◽  
Impaired Speech ◽  
And Training

Purpose The purpose of this pilot study was to demonstrate the effect of augmented visual feedback on acquisition and short-term retention of a relatively simple instruction to increase movement amplitude during speaking tasks in patients with dysarthria due to Parkinson's disease (PD). Method Nine patients diagnosed with PD, hypokinetic dysarthria, and impaired speech intelligibility participated in a training program aimed at increasing the size of their articulatory (tongue) movements during sentences. Two sessions were conducted: a baseline and training session, followed by a retention session 48 hr later. At baseline, sentences were produced at normal, loud, and clear speaking conditions. Game-based visual feedback regarding the size of the articulatory working space (AWS) was presented during training. Results Eight of nine participants benefited from training, increasing their sentence AWS to a greater degree following feedback as compared with the baseline loud and clear conditions. The majority of participants were able to demonstrate the learned skill at the retention session. Conclusions This study demonstrated the feasibility of augmented visual feedback via articulatory kinematics for training movement enlargement in patients with hypokinesia due to PD. Supplemental Materials https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5116840

scholarly journals Study of challenges to utilise mobile-based health care monitoring systems: A descriptive literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 661-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayebeh Baniasadi ◽  
Sharareh R Niakan Kalhori ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh ◽  
Somayyeh Zakerabasali ◽  
Marjan Pourmohamadkhan
Keyword(s):  
Process Management ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
National Level ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Training Design ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Health Care Monitoring ◽  
And Training

Mobile health encompasses remote and wireless applications to provide health services. Despite the advantages of applying mobile-based monitoring systems, there are challenges and limitations; understanding the challenges may assist in identifying available solutions and optimising decision-making to apply mHealth technologies more practically. This study aimed to investigate the main challenges related to mHealth-based systems for health monitoring purposes. This review was carried out through investigation of English evidence from four databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, using a defined search strategy from 2013 to 2017. Two independent researchers reviewed the results based on PRISMA guidelines, and data was categorised using a bottom-up approach to reach a framework for the most general challenges. Among the 105 papers obtained, eight works were selected. The revealed challenges were categorised into six main branches across a tree (with 55 nodes, four levels) including user-related, infrastructure, process, management, resource and training challenges. Identifying the resolvable and preventable challenges, such as those related to training, design might play a crucial role in preventing loss of resources and in growing the success rate of a project, particularly if considered in national level projects.

scholarly journals Estimation of energy balance and training volume during Army Initial Entry Training

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy McAdam ◽  
Kaitlin McGinnis ◽  
Rian Ory ◽  
Kaelin Young ◽  
Andrew D. Frugé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
And Training ◽  
Initial Entry

Exercise and Training in Women, Part I: Influence of Gender on Exercise and Training Responses

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy J. Shephard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Employment Standards ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Hormonal Milieu ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Exercise And Training ◽  
And Training ◽  
Average Woman

Exercise and training responses in women are briefly reviewed. Part I of the paper considers the influence of gender on such responses. The average woman has a smaller inherent aerobic power and less muscular strength than a man, reflecting sociocultural influences, physical size, body composition, and hormonal milieu. Nevertheless, the best-trained women can out-perform sedentary men. The handicap of the average woman is offset by a lighter body mass and a tendency to metabolize fat rather than carbohydrate during exercise. A lack of anabolic hormones may limit training increases of muscle bulk in the female. A low initial fitness may enhance the scope for training tolerance, but it also limits tolerance of conditioning. Nevertheless, women seem less vulnerable than men to exercise-induced sudden death and overtraining. Part II of the review considers the influence of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy upon exercise and training responses. Physical activity programmes for young women should take account of possible pregnancy. Potential dangers to the foetus include an excessive rise of core body temperature, a decrease of maternal blood sugar, and foetal hypoxia. Nevertheless, regular moderate exercise generally has a favourable impact upon pregnancy outcomes. Key Words: sex differences, sociocultural issues, biological differences, physical activity, conditioning, menstruation, pregnancy, employment standards

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