scholarly journals Genome Mining and Expression Analysis of Carboxylesterase and Glutathione S-Transferase Genes Involved in Insecticide Resistance in Eggplant Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kariyanna ◽  
A. Prabhuraj ◽  
R. Asokan ◽  
A. Agrawal ◽  
R. Gandhi Gracy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Genome Mining ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Leucinodes Orbonalis ◽  
Fruit Borer

The shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is the major cause of low productivity in eggplant and insecticides being the mainstay of management of L. orbonalis. However, field control failures are widespread due to the evolution of insecticide resistance. Taking advantage of the whole genome sequence information, the present study investigated the level of insecticide resistance and the expression pattern of individual carboxylesterase (CE) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genes in various field collected populations of L. orbonalis. Dose-mortality bioassays revealed a very high level of resistance development against fenvalerate (48.2–160-fold), phosalone (94-534.6-fold), emamectin benzoate (7.2–55-fold), thiodicarb (9.64–22.7-fold), flubendiamide (187.4–303.0-fold), and chlorantraniliprole (1.6–8.6-fold) in field populations as compared to laboratory-reared susceptible iso-female colony (Lo-S). Over-production of detoxification enzymes viz., CE and GST were evident upon enzyme assays. Mining of the draft genome of L. orbonalis yielded large number of genes potentially belonging to the CE and GST gene families with known history of insecticide resistance in other insects. Subsequent RT-qPCR studies on relative contribution of individual genes revealed over-expression of numerous GSTs and few CEs in field populations, indicating their possible involvement of metabolic enzymes in insecticide resistance. The genomic information will facilitate the development of novel resistance management strategies against this pest.

scholarly journals Review of Insecticide Resistance and Its Underlying Mechanisms in Tribolium castaneum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Shamjana ◽  
Tony Grace
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum has emerged as the genetically tractable model insect for population genetics, functional genomics, and evolutionary studies. This agricultural pest is notorious for its potential to severely damage stored products. T. castaneum has developed resistance to almost all insecticides. The reports of insecticide resistance from different parts of the world show that sustained insecticide usage has only aggravated the problem. As insecticides continue to be the mainstay of pest control programs, it is essential to identify the factors influencing insecticide resistance for implementing effective pest-management strategies. The development and progression of insecticide resistance in T. castaneum is thus an escalating global issue requiring immediate solutions. Several studies have investigated the multiple resistance mechanisms found in T. castaneum, such as reduced cuticular penetration, increased metabolic detoxification, and target-site insensitivity. The availability of Whole Genome Sequence and recent advances in Next Generation Sequencing technology has furthered a geneticist’s grasp of resistance study in Tribolium. The strategic containment of this organism calls for an in-depth understanding of resistance development. The review mainly focuses on different kinds of resistance mechanisms and genes mediating insecticide resistance. Also, it exhaustively explores the CYP450 gene superfamily in Tribolium to emphasize its role in governing resistance. The consolidated insights from this study will facilitate further research on identifying biological targets, thereby developing novel control strategies for effective insect control.

scholarly journals Analysis of Draft Genome Resources of Thirty-Three Canadian Strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato isolated between 1992 and 2008 Reveals achromobactin virulence cluster that is absent in the reference strain DC3000

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Tambong ◽  
Renlin Xu ◽  
Diane Cuppels ◽  
Julie T Chapados ◽  
suzanne Gerdis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Genome Mining ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Bacterial Speck Disease

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato is the causal agent of bacterial speck disease of field and greenhouse tomato plants. Only one Canadian whole genome sequence of this economically important pathogen is publicly available in NCBI GenBank. Here, we report 33 whole genome sequences of Canadian strains of P. syringae pv. tomato isolated in Ontario, Canada, between 1992 and 2008. The genome sequences exhibited average nucleotide identity values of 98.64-98.72 % with P. syringae pv. tomato ICMP 2844PT and DC3000, validating the taxonomic standing of these Canadian strains. The genome sizes ranged from 6.20-6.39 Mbp with G+C content of 58.6% and comprised 5,889-6,166 protein-coding sequences (CDSs). The strains had pan- and core-genomes of 6808 and 4,993 gene clusters, respectively. Genome mining of the strains for virulence factors identified typical adherence genes, proteins related to antiphagocytosis, secretion system apparatuses and effectors. Also, partial or complete achromobactin biosynthetic cluster and iron transport genes were identified in all the Canadian strains but absent in P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 or ICMP 2844 (pathotype). These new whole genome data of Canadian strains of P. syringae pv. tomato could be useful resources in understanding the evolution of this pathogen.

scholarly journals The genomes of two parasitic wasps that parasitize the diamondback moth

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Shi ◽  
Zhizhi Wang ◽  
Xiqian Ye ◽  
Hongqing Xie ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Parasitic Wasps ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Sequencing Platforms

Abstract Background Parasitic insects are well-known biological control agents for arthropod pests worldwide. They are capable of regulating their host’s physiology, development and behaviour. However, many of the molecular mechanisms involved in host-parasitoid interaction remain unknown. Results We sequenced the genomes of two parasitic wasps (Cotesia vestalis, and Diadromus collaris) that parasitize the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella using Illumina and Pacbio sequencing platforms. Genome assembly using SOAPdenovo produced a 178 Mb draft genome for C. vestalis and a 399 Mb draft genome for D. collaris. A total set that contained 11,278 and 15,328 protein-coding genes for C. vestalis and D. collaris, respectively, were predicted using evidence (homology-based and transcriptome-based) and de novo prediction methodology. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the braconid C. vestalis and the ichneumonid D. collaris diverged approximately 124 million years ago. These two wasps exhibit gene gains and losses that in some cases reflect their shared life history as parasitic wasps and in other cases are unique to particular species. Gene families with functions in development, nutrient acquisition from hosts, and metabolism have expanded in each wasp species, while genes required for biosynthesis of some amino acids and steroids have been lost, since these nutrients can be directly obtained from the host. Both wasp species encode a relative higher number of neprilysins (NEPs) thus far reported in arthropod genomes while several genes encoding immune-related proteins and detoxification enzymes were lost in both wasp genomes. Conclusions We present the annotated genome sequence of two parasitic wasps C. vestalis and D. collaris, which parasitize a common host, the diamondback moth, P. xylostella. These data will provide a fundamental source for studying the mechanism of host control and will be used in parasitoid comparative genomics to study the origin and diversification of the parasitic lifestyle.

scholarly journals SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE AND DETOXIFICATION RELATED GENES IN Spodoptera littoralis(LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurper GUZ ◽  
Aslı DAĞERİ
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Egyptian Cotton

The Egyptian cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd. ) is a well-known asone of the most destructive agricultural lepidopterous pests. It is a true generalistspecies with a promiscuous feeding strategy which enables it to attack numerouseconomically important crops all year round including vegetables, ornamentalplants, and cotton. Recently, chemical control has been commonly used to suppresspopulations of S. littoralis; however, a very large number of insecticides have ledtothe emergence ofresistance. An extensive use of insecticides also has other sideeffects, including the elimination of non-targeted organisms, environmentaldamage and harm to human health. Genome-wide high-throughput technologieshelp developing resistance management strategies, especially identifying geneticmechanisms of resistance. The aim of the present study was to produce a de novotranscriptome for S. littoralis as a resource for current and future studies of thispest species by using next-generation sequencing. This resource was then used as areference for identifying genes by encoding the target sites of insecticides currentlyin use for Egyptian cotton leaf worm control. To achieve this, a cDNA library wassequenced using 454 FLX Titanium Sequencing on the Roche platform whichrevealed good coverage of genes encoding insecticide target sites anddetoxification enzymes using a manual annotation. Annotations of assembledsequences were carried out by BLASTx against NCBI non-redundant proteinsequence databases using the software Blast2GO. The genesencodingenzymesinvolvedin insecticide detoxification such as Acetylcholinesterase,Cytochrome p450, Glutathione S-transferase were characterized. Furthermore, aphylogenetic analyses based on three protein sequences were generated in order togive evolutionary insights into insecticide resistance gene families of S. littoralis.

Studies on the Seasonal Influence on the Occurrence of Shoot and Fruit Borer (Leucinodes Orbonalis Guenee) in Brinjal (Solanum Melongena L.) Var. Kkm-1

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
S. AYYANAR S. AYYANAR ◽  
◽  
Dr. M. A. K. Pillai Dr. M. A. K. Pillai ◽  
Dr. N. Murugesan Dr. N. Murugesan
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Seasonal Influence ◽  
Leucinodes Orbonalis ◽  
Fruit Borer

scholarly journals The draft genome of the specialist flea beetle Altica viridicyanea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huai-Jun Xue ◽  
Yi-Wei Niu ◽  
Kari A. Segraves ◽  
Rui-E Nie ◽  
Ya-Jing Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Ecological Speciation ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
Host Plant Specialization ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Altica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a highly diverse and taxonomically challenging flea beetle genus that has been used to address questions related to host plant specialization, reproductive isolation, and ecological speciation. To further evolutionary studies in this interesting group, here we present a draft genome of a representative specialist, Altica viridicyanea, the first Alticinae genome reported thus far. Results The genome is 864.8 Mb and consists of 4490 scaffolds with a N50 size of 557 kb, which covered 98.6% complete and 0.4% partial insect Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs. Repetitive sequences accounted for 62.9% of the assembly, and a total of 17,730 protein-coding gene models and 2462 non-coding RNA models were predicted. To provide insight into host plant specialization of this monophagous species, we examined the key gene families involved in chemosensation, detoxification of plant secondary chemistry, and plant cell wall-degradation. Conclusions The genome assembled in this work provides an important resource for further studies on host plant adaptation and functionally affiliated genes. Moreover, this work also opens the way for comparative genomics studies among closely related Altica species, which may provide insight into the molecular evolutionary processes that occur during ecological speciation.

scholarly journals Appraisal of resistant genotypes against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB), Leucinodes orbonalis, Guenee

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-231
Author(s):  
Hafija Sultana ◽  
Md Aabdul Mannan ◽  
Md Mostofa Kamal ◽  
Khan Golam Quddus ◽  
Shimul Das
Keyword(s):  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Leucinodes Orbonalis ◽  
Fruit Borer ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Shoot Damage ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

The main purpose of this study was to find out the best variety of brinjal having resistance to BSFB. A pot experiment was carried out at the germplasm centre, Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna during February 2014 to August 2014. The experiment was laid out in CRD using thirteen varieties with five replications. The varieties were V1=BARI begun-1, V2=BARI begun-4, V3=BARI begun-5, V4=BARI begun-6, V5=BARI begun-7, V6=BARI begun-8, V7=BARI begun-9, V8=BARI begun-10, V9=Makra, V10=Muktokashi, V11=Lalita, V12=Hazra, V13=Chaga. Data were collected on total number of shoot, total number of infested shoot, percentage of shoot damage, percentage of shoot infestation reduction, numbers of larvae per infested shoot, total number of fruit, percentage of fruit damage, percentage of fruit infestation reduction, numbers of larvae per infested fruit. Results have shown that the minimum shoot infestation was found in BARI begun-6 (29.60%, 32.40%, 29.86% and 29.38%, respectively at four different stages of eggplant). Percent of fruit infestation was minimum in V4 (BARI begun-6) (25.16%, 27.42% and 25.40% at three stages respectively).J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(2): 227-231, August 2018

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Fungus Aspergillus calidoustus

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Horn ◽  
Jörg Linde ◽  
Derek J. Mattern ◽  
Grit Walther ◽  
Reinhard Guthke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Functional Annotation ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Genome Mining ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Genome Sequences

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Aspergillus calidoustus (strain SF006504) . The functional annotation of A. calidoustus predicts a relatively large number of secondary metabolite gene clusters. The presented genome sequence builds the basis for further genome mining.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of the Nitrogen-Fixing and Hormogonia-Inducing CyanobacteriumNostoc cycadaeStrain WK-1, Isolated from the Coralloid Roots ofCycas revoluta

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Kanesaki ◽  
Masaki Hirose ◽  
Yuu Hirose ◽  
Takatomo Fujisawa ◽  
Yasukazu Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Coralloid Roots ◽  
Cycas Revoluta

ABSTRACTWe report here the whole-genome sequence ofNostoc cycadaestrain WK-1, which was isolated from cyanobacterial colonies growing in the coralloid roots of the gymnospermCycas revoluta. It can provide valuable resources to study the mutualistic relationships and the syntrophic metabolisms between the cyanobacterial symbiont and the host plant,C. revoluta.

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