scholarly journals Editorial: Dietary Carbohydrate Digestibility and Metabolic Effects in Human Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Rastall ◽  
F. Javier Moreno ◽  
Oswaldo Hernandez-Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Digestibility

scholarly journals Anti-Atherogenic Effect of 10% Supplementation of Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) Waste Protein Hydrolysates in ApoE-Deficient Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2137
Author(s):  
Jessica Maria Abbate ◽  
Francesco Macrì ◽  
Francesca Arfuso ◽  
Carmelo Iaria ◽  
Fabiano Capparucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Aortic Sinus ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Plaque Development

Fish protein consumption exerts beneficial metabolic effects on human health, also correlating with a decreased risk for cardiovascular disease. Fish waste contains high amount of proteins and utilization may offer the opportunity for generating compounds advantageous for human health. Especially, fish waste protein hydrolysates beneficially influence pathways involved in body composition, exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, making their potential supplementation in human disorders of increased interest. This study assessed the effect of a 10% (w/w) anchovy waste protein hydrolysate (APH) diet for 12 weeks in reducing atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice, through histological and immunohistochemical methods. In addition, monitoring of plaque development was performed, using high-frequency ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Overall, the APH diet attenuated atherosclerotic plaque development, producing a regression of arterial lesions over time (p < 0.05). Twelve weeks on an APH diet had an anti-obesity effect, improving lipid metabolism and reducing hepatic enzyme activity. A significant reduction in plaque size and lipid content was observed in the aortic sinus of APH-fed mice, compared to the control (p < 0.001), whereas no differences in the extracellular matrix and macrophage recruitment were observed. Supplementation of APH significantly attenuates atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice, exerting a lipid-lowering activity. The opportunity to use fish waste protein hydrolysates as a nutraceutical in atherosclerosis is worthy of future investigations, representing a low cost, sustainable, and nutritional strategy with minimal environmental impact.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Digestibility and Metabolic Effects

2007 ◽  
Vol 137 (11) ◽  
pp. 2539S-2546S ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. W. Wong ◽  
David J. A. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Carbohydrate Digestibility

scholarly journals Genomic Microdiversity of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum Underlying Differential Strain-Level Responses to Dietary Carbohydrate Intervention

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojun Wu ◽  
Chenhong Zhang ◽  
Huan Wu ◽  
Ruirui Wang ◽  
Jian Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Strain Level ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Differential Responses

ABSTRACT The genomic basis of the response to dietary intervention of human gut beneficial bacteria remains elusive, which hinders precise manipulation of the microbiota for human health. After receiving a dietary intervention enriched with nondigestible carbohydrates for 105 days, a genetically obese child with Prader-Willi syndrome lost 18.4% of his body weight and showed significant improvement in his bioclinical parameters. We obtained five isolates (C1, C15, C55, C62, and C95) of one of the most abundantly promoted beneficial species, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum , from a postintervention fecal sample. Intriguingly, these five B. pseudocatenulatum strains showed differential responses during the dietary intervention. Two strains were largely unaffected, while the other three were promoted to different extents by the changes in dietary carbohydrate resources. The differential responses of these strains were consistent with their functional clustering based on the COGs (Clusters of Orthologous Groups), including those involved with the ABC-type sugar transport systems, suggesting that the strain-specific genomic variations may have contributed to the niche adaption. Particularly, B. pseudocatenulatum C15, which had the most diverse types and highest gene copy numbers of carbohydrate-active enzymes targeting plant polysaccharides, had the highest abundance after the dietary intervention. These studies show the importance of understanding genomic diversity of specific members of the gut microbiota if precise nutrition approaches are to be realized. IMPORTANCE The manipulation of the gut microbiota via dietary approaches is a promising option for improving human health. Our findings showed differential responses of multiple B. pseudocatenulatum strains isolated from the same habitat to the dietary intervention, as well as strain-specific correlations with bioclinical parameters of the host. The comparative genomics revealed a genome-level microdiversity of related functional genes, which may have contributed to these differences. These results highlight the necessity of understanding strain-level differences if precise manipulation of gut microbiota through dietary approaches is to be realized.

Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in response to short-term dietary carbohydrate restriction

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (2) ◽  
pp. E306-E312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Harber ◽  
Simon Schenk ◽  
Ariel L. Barkan ◽  
Jeffrey F. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Endogenous Glucose Production ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Carbohydrate Restriction ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Endogenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Availability

Dietary carbohydrate restriction (CR) presents a challenge to glucose homeostasis. Despite the popularity of CR diets, little is known regarding the metabolic effects of CR. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in whole body carbohydrate oxidation, glucose availability, endogenous glucose production, and peripheral glucose uptake after dietary CR, without the confounding influence of a negative energy balance. Postabsorptive rates of glucose appearance in plasma (Ra; i.e., endogenous glucose production) and disappearance from plasma (Rd; i.e., glucose uptake) were measured using isotope dilution methods after a conventional diet [60% carbohydrate (CHO), 30% fat, and 10% protein; kcals = 1.3 × resting energy expenditure (REE)] and after 2 days and 7 days of CR (5% CHO, 60% fat, and 35% protein; kcals = 1.3 × REE) in eight subjects (means ± SE; 29 ± 4 yr; BMI 24 ± 1 kg/m2) during a 9-day hospital visit. Postabsorptive plasma glucose concentration was reduced ( P = 0.01) after 2 days but returned to prediet levels the next day and remained at euglycemic levels throughout the diet (5.1 ± 0.2, 4.3 ± 0.3, and 4.8 ± 0.4 mmol/l for prediet, 2 days and 7 days, respectively). Glucose Ra and glucose Rd were reduced to below prediet levels (9.8 ± 0.6 μmol·kg−1·min−1) after 2 days of CR (7.9 ± 0.3 μmol·kg−1·min−1) and remained suppressed after 7 days (8.3 ± 0.4 μmol·kg−1·min−1; both P < 0.001). A greater suppression in carbohydrate oxidation, compared with the reduction in glucose Rd, led to an increased (all P ≤ 0.05) rate of nonoxidative glucose disposal at 7 days (5.2 ± 0.5 μmol·kg−1·min−1), compared with 2 days (2.7 ± 0.5 μmol·kg−1·min−1) and prediet (1.6 ± 0.8 μmol·kg−1·min−1). In response to eucaloric CR, a marked increase in nonoxidative glucose disposal may help maintain systemic glucose availability.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate Restriction on Glycemia, Lipemia and Appetite Regulating Hormones in Normal-Weight to Obese Subjects

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirsalar Samkani ◽  
Mads Skytte ◽  
Mads Thomsen ◽  
Arne Astrup ◽  
Carolyn Deacon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Cell ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Postprandial Glycemia ◽  
Beta Cell Glucose Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Glucose

Postprandial responses to food are highly dependent on the macronutrient composition of the diet. We investigated the acute effects of transition from the recommended moderately high carbohydrate (HC) diet towards a carbohydrate-reduced high-protein (CRHP) diet on postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, lipemia, and appetite-regulating hormones in non-diabetic adults. Fourteen subjects, including five males (Mean ± SD: age 62 ± 6.5; BMI 32 ± 7.6 kg/m2; hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 40 ± 3.0 mmol/mol; HOMA2-IR 2.1 ± 0.9) were included in this randomized, cross-over study. Iso-caloric diets were consumed for two consecutive days with a median wash-out period of 21 days (range 2–8 weeks) between diets (macronutrient energy composition: CRHP/HC; 31%/54% carbohydrate, 29%/16% protein, 40%/30% fat). Postprandial glucose, insulin secretion rate (ISR), triglycerides (TGs), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and satiety ratings were assessed after ingestion of breakfast (Br) and lunch (Lu), and gut hormones and glucagon were assessed after ingestion of Br. Compared with the HC diet, the CRHP diet reduced peak glucose concentrations (Br 11%, p = 0.024; Lu 11%, p < 0.001), glucose excursions (Br 80%, p = 0.20; Lu 85%, p < 0.001), and ISR (Br 31%; Lu 64%, both p < 0.001) whereas CRHP, as compared with HC, increased glucagon-like peptide-1 (Br 27%, p = 0.015) and glucagon values (Br 249%, p < 0.001). NEFA and TG levels increased in the CRHP diet as compared with the HC diet after Br, but no difference was found after Lu (NEFA Br 22%, p < 0.01; TG Br 42%, p = 0.012). Beta-cell glucose sensitivity, insulin clearance, cholecystokinin values, and subjective satiety ratings were unaffected. It is possible to achieve a reduction in postprandial glycemia and insulin without a deleterious effect on beta-cell glucose sensitivity by substituting part of dietary carbohydrate with iso-caloric protein and fat in subjects without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The metabolic effects are more pronounced after the second meal.

scholarly journals Metabolic effects of Tofogliflozin are efficiently enhanced with appropriate dietary carbohydrate ratio and are distinct from carbohydrate restriction

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. e13642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiori Ito ◽  
Toshio Hosaka ◽  
Wataru Yano ◽  
Takahiro Itou ◽  
Misako Yasumura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Carbohydrate Restriction ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate

scholarly journals Food Timing, Circadian Rhythm and Chrononutrition: A Systematic Review of Time-Restricted Eating’s Effects on Human Health

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3770
Author(s):  
Réda Adafer ◽  
Wassil Messaadi ◽  
Mériem Meddahi ◽  
Alexia Patey ◽  
Abdelmalik Haderbache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Adherence Rate ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Intrinsic Effect ◽  
Improve Health

Introduction: Recent observations have shown that lengthening the daily eating period may contribute to the onset of chronic diseases. Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a diet that especially limits this daily food window. It could represent a dietary approach that is likely to improve health markers. The aim of this study was to review how time-restricted eating affects human health. Method: Five general databases and six nutrition journals were screened to identify all studies published between January 2014 and September 2020 evaluating the effects of TRE on human populations. Results: Among 494 articles collected, 23 were finally included for analysis. The overall adherence rate to TRE was 80%, with a 20% unintentional reduction in caloric intake. TRE induced an average weight loss of 3% and a loss of fat mass. This fat loss was also observed without any caloric restriction. Interestingly, TRE produced beneficial metabolic effects independently of weight loss, suggesting an intrinsic effect based on the realignment of feeding and the circadian clock. Conclusions: TRE is a simple and well-tolerated diet that generates many beneficial health effects based on chrononutrition principles. More rigorous studies are needed, however, to confirm those effects, to understand their mechanisms and to assess their applicability to human health.

Lycopene alleviates sulfamethoxazole-induced hepatotoxicity in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 8547-8559
Author(s):  
Hongjing Zhao ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Mengyao Mu ◽  
Menghao Guo ◽  
Hongxian Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idellus

Antibiotics are used worldwide to treat diseases in humans and other animals; most of them and their secondary metabolites are discharged into the aquatic environment, posing a serious threat to human health.

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