scholarly journals Fear memory formation can affect a different memory: fear conditioning affects the extinction, but not retrieval, of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) memory

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil Joels ◽  
Raphael Lamprecht
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Taste Aversion ◽  
Fear Memory ◽  
Memory Formation

scholarly journals Region-Specific Involvement of BDNF Secretion and Synthesis in Conditioned Taste Aversion Memory Formation

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 2079-2090 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ma ◽  
D.-D. Wang ◽  
T.-Y. Zhang ◽  
H. Yu ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Taste Aversion ◽  
Memory Formation

Overlapping memory trace indispensable for linking, but not recalling, individual memories

Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 355 (6323) ◽  
pp. 398-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yokose ◽  
Reiko Okubo-Suzuki ◽  
Masanori Nomoto ◽  
Noriaki Ohkawa ◽  
Hirofumi Nishizono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Taste Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Memory Trace ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Associative Networks ◽  
Neuronal Ensemble

Memories are not stored in isolation from other memories but are integrated into associative networks. However, the mechanisms underlying memory association remain elusive. Using two amygdala-dependent behavioral paradigms—conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and auditory-cued fear conditioning (AFC)—in mice, we found that presenting the conditioned stimulus used for the CTA task triggered the conditioned response of the AFC task after natural coreactivation of the memories. This was accompanied through an increase in the overlapping neuronal ensemble in the basolateral amygdala. Silencing of the overlapping ensemble suppressed CTA retrieval-induced freezing. However, retrieval of the original CTA or AFC memory was not affected. A small population of coshared neurons thus mediates the link between memories. They are not necessary for recalling individual memories.

scholarly journals Proteomic Analysis Reveals Sex-Specific Protein Degradation Targets in the Amygdala During Fear Memory Formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla Farrell ◽  
Madeline Musaus ◽  
Shaghayegh Navabpour ◽  
Kiley Martin ◽  
W. Keith Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Fear Memory ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Contextual Fear Conditioning ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome

Ubiquitin-proteasome mediated protein degradation has been widely implicated in fear memory formation in the amygdala. However, to date, the protein targets of the proteasome remain largely unknown, limiting our understanding of the functional significance for protein degradation in fear memory formation. Additionally, whether similar proteins are targeted by the proteasome between sexes has yet to be explored. Here, we combined a degradation-specific K48 Tandem Ubiquitin Binding Entity (TUBE) with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to identify the target substrates of the protein degradation process in the amygdala of male and female rats following contextual fear conditioning. We found that males (43) and females (77) differed in the total number of proteins that had significant changes in K48 polyubiquitin targeting in the amygdala following fear conditioning. Many of the identified proteins (106) had significantly reduced levels in the K48-purified samples 1 h after fear conditioning, suggesting active degradation of the substrate due to learning. Interestingly, only 3 proteins overlapped between sexes, suggesting that targets of the protein degradation process may be sex-specific. In females, many proteins with altered abundance in the K48-purified samples were involved in vesicle transport or are associated with microtubules. Conversely, in males, proteins involved in the cytoskeleton, ATP synthesis and cell signaling were found to have significantly altered abundance. Only 1 protein had an opposite directional change in abundance between sexes, LENG1, which was significantly enhanced in males while lower in females. This suggests a more rapid degradation of this protein in females during fear memory formation. Interestingly, GFAP, a critical component of astrocyte structure, was a target of K48 polyubiquitination in both males and females, indicating that protein degradation is likely occurring in astrocytes following fear conditioning. Western blot assays revealed reduced levels of these target substrates following fear conditioning in both sexes, confirming that the K48 polyubiquitin was targeting these proteins for degradation. Collectively, this study provides strong evidence that sex differences exist in the protein targets of the degradation process in the amygdala following fear conditioning and critical information regarding how ubiquitin-proteasome mediated protein degradation may contribute to fear memory formation in the brain.

scholarly journals Dopamine and fear memory formation in the human amygdala

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Frick ◽  
Johannes Björkstrand ◽  
Mark Lubberink ◽  
Allison Eriksson ◽  
Mats Fredrikson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Dopamine Release ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Fear Memory ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Fear Learning ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Endogenous Dopamine ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Endogenous Dopamine Release

AbstractLearning which environmental cues that predict danger is crucial for survival and accomplished through Pavlovian fear conditioning. In humans and rodents alike, fear conditioning is amygdala-dependent and rests on similar neurocircuitry. Rodent studies have implicated a causative role for dopamine in the amygdala during fear memory formation, but the role of dopamine in aversive learning in humans is unclear. Here, we show dopamine release in the amygdala and striatum during fear learning in humans. Using simultaneous positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging, we demonstrate that the amount of dopamine release is linked to strength of conditioned fear responses and linearly coupled to learning-induced activity in the amygdala. Thus, like in rodents, formation of amygdala-dependent fear memories in humans seems to be facilitated by endogenous dopamine release, supporting an evolutionary conserved neurochemical mechanism for aversive memory formation.

Altered gene activity correlated with long-term memory formation of conditioned taste aversion inLymnaea

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 1610-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiyo Azami ◽  
Akiko Wagatsuma ◽  
Hisayo Sadamoto ◽  
Dai Hatakeyama ◽  
Takeshi Usami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Taste Aversion ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Gene Activity ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Altered Gene

scholarly journals Gene Network Analysis in Amygdala following Taste Aversion Learning in Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siva K. Panguluri ◽  
Nobuyuki Kuwabara ◽  
Nigel Cooper ◽  
Srinivas M. Tipparaju ◽  
Kevin B. Sneed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Conditioned Taste Aversion ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Taste Aversion Learning

Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is an adaptive behavior that benefits survival of animals including humans and also serves as a powerful model to study the neural mechanisms of learning. Memory formation is a necessary component of CTA learning and involves neural processing and regulation of gene expression in the amygdala. Many studies have been focused on the identification of intracellular signaling cascades involved in CTA, but not late responsive genes underlying the long-lasting behavioral plasticity. In this study, we explored in silico experiments to identify persistent changes in gene expression associated with CTA in rats. We used oligonucleotide microarrays to identify 248 genes in the amygdala regulated by CTA. Pathway Studio and IPA software analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes in the amygdala fall in diverse functional categories such as behavior, psychological disorders, nervous system development and function, and cell-to-cell signaling. Conditioned taste aversion is a complex behavioral trait which involves association of visceral and taste inputs, consolidation of taste and visceral information, memory formation, retrieval of stored information, and extinction phase. In silico analysis of differentially expressed genes is therefore necessary to manipulate specific phase/stage of CTA to understand the molecular insight.

scholarly journals Cerebellar molecular layer interneurons are dispensable for cued and contextual fear conditioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy L. H. Marshall-Phelps ◽  
Gernot Riedel ◽  
Peer Wulff ◽  
Marta Woloszynowska-Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Fear Memory ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Contextual Fear Conditioning ◽  
Contextual Fear

AbstractPurkinje cells are the only output cell of the cerebellar cortex. Their spatiotemporal activity is controlled by molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) through GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition. Recently, it has been reported that the cerebellar cortex is required for consolidation of conditioned fear responses during fear memory formation. Although the relevance of MLIs during fear memory formation is currently not known, it has been shown that synapses made between MLIs and Purkinje cells exhibit long term plasticity following fear conditioning. The present study examined the role of cerebellar MLIs in the formation of fear memory using a genetically-altered mouse line (PC-∆γ2) in which GABAA receptor-mediated signaling at MLI to Purkinje cell synapses was functionally removed. We found that neither acquisition nor recall of fear memories to tone and context were altered after removal of MLI-mediated inhibition.

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