Altered gene activity correlated with long-term memory formation of conditioned taste aversion inLymnaea

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 1610-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiyo Azami ◽  
Akiko Wagatsuma ◽  
Hisayo Sadamoto ◽  
Dai Hatakeyama ◽  
Takeshi Usami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Taste Aversion ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Gene Activity ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Altered Gene

scholarly journals Epicatechin increases the persistence of long-term memory formed by conditioned taste aversion in Lymnaea

2020 ◽  
pp. jeb.238055
Author(s):  
Ayaka Itoh ◽  
Yoshimasa Komatsuzaki ◽  
Ken Lukowiak ◽  
Minoru Saito
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Conditioned Taste Aversion ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory

We examined the effects of epicatechin (Epi), a flavonoid abundant in green tea and cocoa, on long-term memory (LTM) formed following conditioned taste aversion (CTA) training in Lymnaea. In CTA training, the snails learn to avoid a food that initially they liked (i.e., sucrose). Twenty-four hours after CTA training, 67% of the trained snails showed a significant decrease in the feeding behavior elicited by sucrose. Placing snails in the Epi solution in CTA training did not alter the percentage of snails exhibiting LTM, but it significantly increased LTM persistence. We also examined changes following Epi exposure in spontaneous activity of the cerebral giant cells (CGCs) that modulate feeding behavior and are necessary for CTA-LTM. Our data suggested that Epi causes a decrease in CGC activity and increases LTM persistence possibly via GABAergic mechanism.

scholarly journals Rapid, Labile, and Protein Synthesis– Independent Short-Term Memory in Conditioned Taste Aversion

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Houpt ◽  
RoseAnn Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Taste Aversion ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Short-term memory is a rapid, labile, and protein-synthesis-independent phase of memory. The existence of short-term memory in conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning has not been demonstrated formally. To determine the earliest time at which a CTA is expressed, we measured intraoral intake of sucrose at 15 min, 1 hr, 6 hr, or 48 h after contingent pairing of an intraoral infusion of 5% sucrose (6.6 ml over 6 min) and toxic lithium chloride injection (76 mg/kg). Rats were implanted with intraoral catheters to allow presentation of taste solutions at arbitrary times. Intraoral intake was measured under conditions of long-delay, single-trial learning typical of CTA. Rats decreased intraoral intake of sucrose at 15 min after contingent pairing of sucrose and LiCl, but not after noncontingent LiCl or sucrose. Thus CTA learning can be expressed rapidly. To determine if short-term CTA memory is labile and decays in the absence of long-term memory, we measured intraoral intake of sucrose after pairing sucrose with low doses of LiCl. Rats received an intraoral infusion of 5% sucrose (6 ml/6 min); 30 min later LiCl was injected at three different doses (19, 38, or 76 mg/kg). A second intraoral infusion of sucrose was administered 15 min, 1 hr, 3 hr, 4.5 hr, 6 hr, or 48 hr later. The formation of long-term CTA memory was dependent on the dose of LiCl paired with sucrose during acquisition. Low doses of LiCl induced a CTA that decayed within 6 hr after pairing. Central administration of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide prior to LiCl injection blocked long-term CTA expression at 6 and 48 hr, but not short-term CTA expression at 1 hr. Thus, short-term memory for CTA learning exists that is acquired rapidly and independent of protein synthesis, but labile in the absence of long-term memory formation.

scholarly journals One-trial conditioned taste aversion in Lymnaea: good and poor performers in long-term memory acquisition

2007 ◽  
Vol 210 (7) ◽  
pp. 1225-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sugai ◽  
S. Azami ◽  
H. Shiga ◽  
T. Watanabe ◽  
H. Sadamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Taste Aversion ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Acquisition

scholarly journals Disruption of the astrocyte–neuron interaction is responsible for the impairments in learning and memory in 5XFAD mice: an Alzheimer’s disease animal model

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moonseok Choi ◽  
Sang-Min Lee ◽  
Dongsoo Kim ◽  
Heh-In Im ◽  
Hye-Sun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Stat3 Phosphorylation ◽  
Neuron Interactions ◽  
5Xfad Mice

AbstractThe morphological dynamics of astrocytes are altered in the hippocampus during memory induction. Astrocyte–neuron interactions on synapses are called tripartite synapses. These control the synaptic function in the central nervous system. Astrocytes are activated in a reactive state by STAT3 phosphorylation in 5XFAD mice, an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) animal model. However, changes in astrocyte–neuron interactions in reactive or resting-state astrocytes during memory induction remain to be defined. Here, we investigated the time-dependent changes in astrocyte morphology and the number of astrocyte–neuron interactions in the hippocampus over the course of long-term memory formation in 5XFAD mice. Hippocampal-dependent long-term memory was induced using a contextual fear conditioning test in 5XFAD mice. The number of astrocytic processes increased in both wild-type and 5XFAD mice during memory formation. To assess astrocyte–neuron interactions in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, we counted the colocalization of glial fibrillary acidic protein and postsynaptic density protein 95 via immunofluorescence. Both groups revealed an increase in astrocyte–neuron interactions after memory induction. At 24 h after memory formation, the number of tripartite synapses returned to baseline levels in both groups. However, the total number of astrocyte–neuron interactions was significantly decreased in 5XFAD mice. Administration of Stattic, a STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitor, rescued the number of astrocyte–neuron interactions in 5XFAD mice. In conclusion, we suggest that a decreased number of astrocyte–neuron interactions may underlie memory impairment in the early stages of AD.

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