scholarly journals Host Transcriptional Response of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Induced by the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huizhang Zhao ◽  
Ting Zhou ◽  
Jiatao Xie ◽  
Jiasen Cheng ◽  
Daohong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans

scholarly journals Co-operative action by endo- and exo-β-(1→3)-glucanases from parasitic fungi in the degradation of cell-wall glucans of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jones ◽  
Alex. H. Gordon ◽  
John S. D. Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Complete Breakdown

1. Two fungi, Coniothyrium minitans Campbell and Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Fr., were grown on autoclaved crushed sclerotia of the species Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which they parasitize. 2. in vitro the crude culture filtrates would lyse walls isolated from hyphal cells or the inner pseudoparenchymatous cells of the sclerotia, in which a branched β-(1→3)-β-(1→6)-glucan, sclerotan, is a major constituent. 3. Chromatographic fractionation of the enzymes in each culture filtrate revealed the presence of several laminarinases, the most active being an exo-β-(1→3)-glucanase, known from previous studies to attack sclerotan. Acting alone this brought about a limited degradation of the glucan, but the addition of fractions containing an endo-β-(1→3)-glucanase led to almost complete breakdown. A similar synergism between the two enzymes was found in their lytic action on cell walls. 4. When acting alone the endo-β-(1→3)-glucanase had a restricted action, the products including a trisaccharide, tentatively identified as 62-β-glucosyl-laminaribiose. 5. These results are discussed in relation to the structure of the cell walls and of their glucan constituents.

Sensitivity of Ulocladium atrum, Coniothyrium minitans, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to benomyl and vinclozolin

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 892-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Q Li ◽  
H C Huang ◽  
S N Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Germ Tubes

Assays on mycelial growth and spore germination were carried out to determine the sensitivity of the biocontrol agents Ulocladium atrum and Coniothyrium minitans and the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to benomyl and vinclozolin. Ulocladium atrum was more tolerant to these fungicides than C. minitans and S. sclerotiorum. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) of U. atrum based on the mycelial growth inhibition was 1467.3 µg active ingredient (a.i.)/mL for benomyl and 12.6 µg a.i./mL for vinclozolin, and the maximum inhibition concentration was higher than 4000 µg a.i./mL for both fungicides. For C. minitans and S. sclerotiorum, however, the EC50 based on mycelial growth inhibition was lower than 1 µg a.i./mL. After incubation for 24 h at 20°C, the germination rate of U. atrum conidia was 90–99% on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with benomyl at 100–500 µg a.i./mL or vinclozolin at 10–500 µg a.i./mL. At these concentrations, germ tubes of U. atrum developed into long, branched hyphae in benomyl treatments, but they remained short and clustered in vinclozolin treatments. Pycnidiospores of C. minitans and ascospores of S. sclerotiorum germinated on PDA amended with benomyl at 100–500 µg a.i./mL, but the germ tubes did not grow further. Spore germination of C. minitans and S. sclerotiorum was less than 3.2% on PDA amended with vinclozolin at 10–500 µg a.i./mL after 24 h. This is the first report on the sensitivity of U. atrum and C. minitans to benomyl and vinclozolin. The results suggest that it is possible to control S. sclerotiorum using a combination of U. atrum and benomyl or vinclozolin.Key words: fungicides, mycelial growth, spore germination, integrated pest management.

Efficacy of Antagonists on mycelium growth and carpogenic germination of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Indian mustard

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 190-193
Author(s):  
Jhilmil Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Pseudomonas Chlororaphis ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Carpogenic Germination

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a soil borne pathogen capable of infecting more than 400 host plants worldwide. It is a major pathogen that plays a crucial role in reducing the yield in economically important crops. The capability of sclerotia to survive for more than 4 years becomes very difficult to manage the crop from the infection of Sclerotinia rot fungus. Stem rot of indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Cross] caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is potentially a serious threat in many mustard growing areas in India. Treatments of seeds and foliar spray with of fungicides applied at regular intervals are effective in reducing infection, but uses of chemicals are hazardous, harmful for beneficial micro-organisms. Biological control of plant pathogens offers an exciting opportunity to manage plant diseases. In the present study, the efficacy of four bio-agents, viz., Coniothyrium minitans, Aspergilus nidulans, Trichoderma harzianum, and Pseudomonas chlororaphis were evaluated for the control of stem rot of Indian mustard. Results on bio-efficacy of different bioagents, when evaluated under glass house condition, the Coniothyrium minitans was the most effective agent and caused highest reduction (64.7 %) in carpogenic germination of sclerotia followed by Aspergilus nidulans (52.5 %) and Trichoderma harzianum (48.8 %), over control while Pseudomonas chlororaphis (48.3 %) was at par with T. harzianum. All the bioagents showed significant reduction effective in controlling the disease. Similar results were achieved when bioagents tested on dual inoculated plates.

Effect of Coniothyrium minitans on sclerotial survival and apothecial production of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in field-grown oilseed rape

1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 883-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. McQUILKEN ◽  
S. J. MITCHELL ◽  
S. P BUDGE ◽  
J. M. WHIPPS ◽  
J. S. FENLON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans

Ultrastructure of hyperparasitism of Coniothyrium minitans on sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2483-2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Huang ◽  
E. G. Kokko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Chemical Activity ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Medullary Tissue ◽  
Transmission Electron

Transmission electron microscopy revealed that hyphae of the hyperparasite Coniothyrium minitans invade sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, resulting in the destruction and disintegration of the sclerotium tissues. The dark-pigmented rind tissue is more resistant to invasion by the hyperparasite than the unpigmented cortical and medullary tissues. Evidence from cell wall etching at the penetration site suggests that chemical activity is required for hyphae of C. minitans to penetrate the thick, melanized rind walls. The medullary tissue infected by C. minitans shows signs of plasmolysis, aggregation, and vacuolization of cytoplasm and dissolution of the cell walls. While most of the hyphal cells of C. minitans in the infected sclerotium tissue are normal, some younger hyphal cells in the rind tissue were lysed and devoid of normal contents.

Importance of Coniothyrium minitans in survival of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in wilted sunflower

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Basal Stem Rot ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causal agent of wilt or basal stem rot of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and its hyperparasite Coniothyrium minitans was investigated in a sunflower field naturally infested with the two organisms. Sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum were collected biweekly from roots and basal stems of wilted plants and analyzed for infection by the hyperparasite. The results showed that C. minitans parasitized and killed the sclerotia produced on the root surface. This hyperparasite continued to parasitize the pathogen inside the root and upwards into the base of the stem, thus infecting the sclerotia produced at these sites. By the end of the growing season, 59%, 76%, and 29% of sclerotia on the root surface, inside the root, and inside the stem, respectively, had been killed by the hyperparasite, while 4%, 9%, and 68% of the sclerotia at these locations were healthy. Death of the rest of the sclerotia was due to organisms other than C. minitans. The data also indicate that C. minitans is more effective in parasitizing sclerotia produced on or inside the root than those produced in the basal stem.

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