Use of Coniothyrium minitans and Gliocladium virens for Biological Control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Glasshouse Lettuce

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Budge ◽  
M.P. Mcquilken ◽  
J.S. Fenlon ◽  
J.M. Whipps
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Gliocladium Virens

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Lettuce Drop Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor in Desert Agroecosystems

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1625-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chitrampalam ◽  
P. J. Figuli ◽  
M. E. Matheron ◽  
K. V. Subbarao ◽  
B. M. Pryor
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Evaluation ◽  
Gliocladium Virens ◽  
Lettuce Drop

Field experiments were conducted over 2 years in Yuma County, AZ, and Imperial County, CA, to determine the efficacy of several biocontrol agents for the management of lettuce drop caused by Sclerotinia spp. Commercial formulations of Trichoderma harzianum (Plantshield, Supersivit), Gliocladium virens (Soilgard), Coniothyrium minitans (Contans), and Bacillus subtilis (Companion) were evaluated and compared with the chemical fungicide iprodione (Rovral) against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor. A single application of biocontrol products or of Rovral did not reduce lettuce drop caused by either Sclerotinia species. However, two applications of Contans, one at planting and one at post-thinning, significantly reduced the incidence of lettuce drop caused by S. sclerotiorum and increased yield but had no effect on S. minor at both locations in both years. Two applications of other biocontrol products did not significantly reduce disease incidence despite medium to high recovery following application. In contrast, Contans was only sporadically recovered following application. In vitro fungicide sensitivity evaluation revealed that both Trichoderma and Gliocladium species were tolerant to iprodione, dicloran (Botran), and vinclozolin (Ronilan) up to 1,000 ppm a.i., whereas both Sclerotinia spp. and C. minitans were sensitive to all three fungicides above 1 ppm. In summary, Contans was the most effective treatment for the control of lettuce drop caused by S. sclerotiorum, but no treatment was effective against S. minor in the desert lettuce production systems.

Pre-germinated conidia of Coniothyrium minitans enhances the foliar biological control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 1649-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junling Shi ◽  
Yin Li ◽  
Huali Qian ◽  
Guocheng Du ◽  
Jian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans

scholarly journals Co-operative action by endo- and exo-β-(1→3)-glucanases from parasitic fungi in the degradation of cell-wall glucans of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jones ◽  
Alex. H. Gordon ◽  
John S. D. Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Complete Breakdown

1. Two fungi, Coniothyrium minitans Campbell and Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Fr., were grown on autoclaved crushed sclerotia of the species Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which they parasitize. 2. in vitro the crude culture filtrates would lyse walls isolated from hyphal cells or the inner pseudoparenchymatous cells of the sclerotia, in which a branched β-(1→3)-β-(1→6)-glucan, sclerotan, is a major constituent. 3. Chromatographic fractionation of the enzymes in each culture filtrate revealed the presence of several laminarinases, the most active being an exo-β-(1→3)-glucanase, known from previous studies to attack sclerotan. Acting alone this brought about a limited degradation of the glucan, but the addition of fractions containing an endo-β-(1→3)-glucanase led to almost complete breakdown. A similar synergism between the two enzymes was found in their lytic action on cell walls. 4. When acting alone the endo-β-(1→3)-glucanase had a restricted action, the products including a trisaccharide, tentatively identified as 62-β-glucosyl-laminaribiose. 5. These results are discussed in relation to the structure of the cell walls and of their glucan constituents.

Biological Control of Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum and Botrytis Spp.

1992 ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyckle J. Fokkema ◽  
Matthijs Gerlagh ◽  
Jürgen Köhl
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum
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