Importance of Coniothyrium minitans in survival of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in wilted sunflower

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Basal Stem Rot ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causal agent of wilt or basal stem rot of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and its hyperparasite Coniothyrium minitans was investigated in a sunflower field naturally infested with the two organisms. Sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum were collected biweekly from roots and basal stems of wilted plants and analyzed for infection by the hyperparasite. The results showed that C. minitans parasitized and killed the sclerotia produced on the root surface. This hyperparasite continued to parasitize the pathogen inside the root and upwards into the base of the stem, thus infecting the sclerotia produced at these sites. By the end of the growing season, 59%, 76%, and 29% of sclerotia on the root surface, inside the root, and inside the stem, respectively, had been killed by the hyperparasite, while 4%, 9%, and 68% of the sclerotia at these locations were healthy. Death of the rest of the sclerotia was due to organisms other than C. minitans. The data also indicate that C. minitans is more effective in parasitizing sclerotia produced on or inside the root than those produced in the basal stem.

Efficacy of Antagonists on mycelium growth and carpogenic germination of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Indian mustard

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 190-193
Author(s):  
Jhilmil Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Pseudomonas Chlororaphis ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Carpogenic Germination

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a soil borne pathogen capable of infecting more than 400 host plants worldwide. It is a major pathogen that plays a crucial role in reducing the yield in economically important crops. The capability of sclerotia to survive for more than 4 years becomes very difficult to manage the crop from the infection of Sclerotinia rot fungus. Stem rot of indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Cross] caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is potentially a serious threat in many mustard growing areas in India. Treatments of seeds and foliar spray with of fungicides applied at regular intervals are effective in reducing infection, but uses of chemicals are hazardous, harmful for beneficial micro-organisms. Biological control of plant pathogens offers an exciting opportunity to manage plant diseases. In the present study, the efficacy of four bio-agents, viz., Coniothyrium minitans, Aspergilus nidulans, Trichoderma harzianum, and Pseudomonas chlororaphis were evaluated for the control of stem rot of Indian mustard. Results on bio-efficacy of different bioagents, when evaluated under glass house condition, the Coniothyrium minitans was the most effective agent and caused highest reduction (64.7 %) in carpogenic germination of sclerotia followed by Aspergilus nidulans (52.5 %) and Trichoderma harzianum (48.8 %), over control while Pseudomonas chlororaphis (48.3 %) was at par with T. harzianum. All the bioagents showed significant reduction effective in controlling the disease. Similar results were achieved when bioagents tested on dual inoculated plates.

Identification of Ganoderma, the causal agent of basal stem rot disease in oil palm using a molecular method

2005 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Utomo ◽  
S. Werner ◽  
F. Niepold ◽  
H.B. Deising
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
Basal Stem Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

Identification and Characterization of the Causal Agent of Sugarcane Root and Basal Stem Rot in South Sumatra, Indonesia

Sugar Tech ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Tri Maryono ◽  
Ani Widiastuti ◽  
Rudi Hari Murti ◽  
Achmadi Priyatmojo
Keyword(s):  
Causal Agent ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Basal Stem Rot ◽  
Identification And Characterization

scholarly journals The Infection Processes of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Basal Stem Tissue of a Susceptible Genotype of Helianthus annuus L.

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robab DAVAR ◽  
Reza DARVISHZADEH ◽  
Ahmad MAJD ◽  
Ardashir KHARABIAN MASOULEH ◽  
Yobert GHOSTA
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Plant Surface ◽  
Susceptible Genotype ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Infection Processes ◽  
Host Tissues

Sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., is a major oil seed crop widely cultivated throughout the globe. White mold, caused by necrotrophic pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is a common and widespread pathogen of sunflower. The infection process of S. sclerotiorum was studied in the stem base of infected host tissues by light microscopy and Hemi-thin sectioning techniques. Host-pathogen interactions were examined at the plant surface and cellular level of a susceptible genotype (C146), 12, 24 and 48 h of post inoculation. The results showed that the appressoria were formed and the hyphal strands branched upon contact of pathogen with the host surface. Moreover a direct penetration of fungal hyphae was observed through the cuticle within 12h of inoculation. Microscopic observation of inoculated tissues after 24 hours revealed that fungal hyphae have developed both inter- and intra-cellular layer. Moreover, the fungal hyphae growth was incremental among and inside the host cells. The host cells were completely colonized by fungal mycelium 48 hour after inoculation, leading to a tissue collapse. The hyphae invaded the dead host tissues and emerged from the host tissue after extensive colonization. The present study has detailed the infection processes and pathogen development both at plant surface and inside the host tissues. The results of this study will be useful for engineering of disease-resistant genotypes and development of markers for screening pathogen resistance individuals.

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