scholarly journals Using 3D CityGML for the Modeling of the Food Waste and Wastewater Generation—A Case Study for the City of Montréal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiner Braun ◽  
Rushikesh Padsala ◽  
Tahereh Malmir ◽  
Soufia Mohammadi ◽  
Ursula Eicker
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Geography Markup Language ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
Wastewater Generation

The paper explains a workflow to simulate the food energy water (FEW) nexus for an urban district combining various data sources like 3D city models, particularly the City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) data model from the Open Geospatial Consortium, Open StreetMap and Census data. A long term vision is to extend the CityGML data model by developing a FEW Application Domain Extension (FEW ADE) to support future FEW simulation workflows such as the one explained in this paper. Together with the mentioned simulation workflow, this paper also identifies some necessary FEW related parameters for the future development of a FEW ADE. Furthermore, relevant key performance indicators are investigated, and the relevant datasets necessary to calculate these indicators are studied. Finally, different calculations are performed for the downtown borough Ville-Marie in the city of Montréal (Canada) for the domains of food waste (FW) and wastewater (WW) generation. For this study, a workflow is developed to calculate the energy generation from anaerobic digestion of FW and WW. In the first step, the data collection and preparation was done. Here relevant data for georeferencing, data for model set-up, and data for creating the required usage libraries, like food waste and wastewater generation per person, were collected. The next step was the data integration and calculation of the relevant parameters, and lastly, the results were visualized for analysis purposes. As a use case to support such calculations, the CityGML level of detail two model of Montréal is enriched with information such as building functions and building usages from OpenStreetMap. The calculation of the total residents based on the CityGML model as the main input for Ville-Marie results in a population of 72,606. The statistical value for 2016 was 89,170, which corresponds to a deviation of 15.3%. The energy recovery potential of FW is about 24,024 GJ/year, and that of wastewater is about 1,629 GJ/year, adding up to 25,653 GJ/year. Relating values to the calculated number of inhabitants in Ville-Marie results in 330.9 kWh/year for FW and 22.4 kWh/year for wastewater, respectively.

scholarly journals Rehabilitating the ‘City of Pigs’

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Joel De Lara
Keyword(s):  
Standard Interpretation ◽  
Political Justice ◽  
Trade Specialization ◽  
False Start ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
Organizing Principles ◽  
Do So

In this paper, I contend that the standard interpretation of the Republic, according to which “the city of pigs” (CP) is an entirely deficient precursor to the one ideally just state, Kallipolis, is untenable. In the vital respect of unity, which for Plato is the defining condition of virtue in the soul and the city, CP is equally if not more just than Kallipolis. In part 1, I outline CP in terms of what I contend are the three organizing principles that secure its unity (“trade specialization”; “right size”; and “modesty”), before proceeding to defend this unity from some typical criticisms. The aim is to show that CP is unified and hence just, which allows us to make sense of why Socrates describes it as “complete” (telea), “true” (alêthinê), and “healthy” (hugiês), despite Glaucon’s protestations. To do so, I will have to first argue against objections from those who interpret CP as a suggestio falsi, or an exercise in playful irony, sketched only to establish the need for Kallipolis. In part 2, I then proceed to show that although Kallipolis is in certain respects superior to CP, it suffers from structural disunity relating to its heretofore unnoticed or downplayed geographical and social scissions—scissions that are requisite and unavoidable for its very organization. As such, Socrates tacitly suggests, I contend, that these scissions mark a disunity that results from reneging CP’s third organizing principle: the “modesty” principle. When Socrates, on his interlocutors’ demands, expands CP by allowing in items and conditions of luxury that provoke pleonexia (greed or covetousness) thus giving birth to the “feverish city,” he leads us to see the necessity of a kind of set-up in Kallipolis with a socially and geographically disparate class of guardians that is saturated by disunity. The overall argument of this paper is that Socrates takes us on a dialectical journey, leading us to see that unity and hence justice in each city depends upon each citizen doing her job and no more than her job (i.e., the principle of trade specialization) (433A-B). Both CP and Kallipolis are sketched for this heuristic purpose—to allow us to see this vision of justice. Socrates’ point in taking us on the dialectical journey, I contend, is to enable us to realize not just what justice is but what inhibits or threatens justice—namely, luxury, or more precisely wealth. CP is not a good model to allow us to see this, but this does not render it a suggestio falsi or an unrealistic false start. Indeed, on my reading, Socrates is not only serious when he dubs the city of pigs true and healthy, but we have to take these pronouncements seriously in order to properly accompany him on the journey and properly see his vision of political justice and injustice.

scholarly journals REPENSANDO AS FRONTEIRAS: A TRADUÇÃO DE IDENTIDADES NA OBRA DE JORGE LUIS BORGES

Organon ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Vallerius De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Jorge Luis Borges ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
As If

The rearrangement of concepts about frontiers has made possible the emergence of a different approachto Jorge Luis Borges’ regionalist production – this production has often been misunderstood and supposedlyconsidered inappropriate in relation to his other universal and remarkable masterpieces. However, the themefrontiers is set up within the limits of his pampa i revealing the need to search for identities that insist on denyingtheir own proper definition. It demands different representations: first, the frontier between the country and the city,in the shade of Sarmiento and Hernández – the former, desiring a civilized and urbane Argentinean identity, totallyagainst the country barbarian; the latter, speaking of the pampa and the gaúchoii as if in a free existence, opposite tothe urbanized world. After these descriptions of city and country, Borges proposes to talk about the “arrabal”region, which translates a certain meaning of frontier, delineated by “fights and guitars” between the pampa andBuenos Aires. Once this new frontier is established, he tries to write about the ambiguous human being who lives inthat region: the compadrito – a mix of the urban man and the gaucho. This compadrito belongs to a place whichcannot be completely delimitated; he is intended to be not only a representation of Argentina’s culturecharacteristics, once his identity is often migrating between the I and the Other, thus making possible the listening tothe voices of differences, therefore translating this frontier identity – the one that truly represents the very Latin-American self.

scholarly journals Lo culto y la parodia de una “ciudad cervantina”

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Keheyán
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
International Context ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
The Face ◽  
Restricted Use ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The City

Este trabajo se propone ilustrar posibles lecturas acerca de un proceso de reconversión de la imagen identitaria de una ciudad de rango medio. De modo específico, se centrará en el nombramiento oficial de la ciudad de Azul (ubicada al sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina) como “Ciudad Cervantina”, otorgado en 2007 por el centro Unesco Castilla - La Mancha. Proclamado como tal sobre la base de hitos consolidados en las primeras décadas del siglo XX, el perfil cultural de la ciudad configuró un relato hegemónico donde lo cervantino fue ponderado como valor distintivo frente al contexto regional e internacional. Tomando un corpus de registros etnográficos, me propongo analizar cómo “la ciudad” atraviesa este proceso de emblematización de su imagen a partir de dos focalizaciones empíricas. Por un lado, el sector impulsor del nombramiento que ocupa este trabajo, referenciado en una biblioteca-museo (“Casa Ronco”). Por el otro, una agrupación local de moteros (“Quijotes del camino”) concebida en términos de parodia e ilustrativa de las posibles re-significaciones populares edificadas ante el uso restringido del concepto de cultura con anclaje en lo cervantino.Palabras clave: Cultura. Lo cervantino. Parodia. Popular. The cult and the parody of a "ciudad cervantina"AbstractThis paper proposes to illustrate possible readings about a reconversion process of the identity image of an intermediate-range city. Specifically, it will focus on the official appointment of Azul (located to the southwest of Buenos Aires, Argentina) as “Cervantes City”, granted in 2007 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Proclaimed as such in the first decades of the twentieth century, the cultural profile of the city set up a hegemonic account where “Cervantes” was weighted as a distinctive value in the face of regional and international context. Considering a corpus of ethnographic records, I intend to analyze how “the city” crosses this process of reconversion from two empirical focuses. On the one hand, the driving sector of the appointment, referenced in a library-museum (“Ronco House”). On the other hand, a local motorcycle club “Quijotes del camino” (Quixotes of the way) conceived as parody and illustrative of some popular resignifications facing a restricted use of the culture concept referenced in “Cervantes”.Keywords: Culture. Cervantes. Parody. Popular. 

Life below the Bombing: How the Champagne Caves Saved the City of Reims, France, and Its People during World War I

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Karl J. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
World War ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Worship Services ◽  
The Face ◽  
Christian Worship ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
And Storage

As we celebrated the one-hundredth anniversary of the end of World War I in 2018, we recalled the extraordinary acts of heroism, both individual and cultural, which contributed to bringing about the war's conclusion. Reims, France, was literally at the front lines of the war. The two hundred–plus miles of caves below the city, quarried by Romans in the third and fourth centuries ad and adopted for wine production and storage by the champagne industry in modern times, became a place of refuge for the citizens of Reims, as well as for French soldiers heading to and returning from the war. The local people who remained during the war rode out more than a thousand continuous days of bombing by living in the caves, where butchers set up shop, children attended school, Christian worship services were given, and musical concerts took place. Meanwhile, the champagne industry continued to produce wine under incredibly harsh conditions. This article tells the incredible story of survival in the face of the war both for the citizens of Reims and the champagne industry, and how the war contributed to the industry subsequently solving problems that had plagued it for decades.

Speech Portrait of the Old-timers of the East Slavic Bryansk-Gomel Border (On the 140 Anniversary Since the Birth of P. A. Rastorguyev)

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-56
Author(s):  
Sergei M. Pronchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban District ◽  
Full Member ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Speech Features ◽  
The One ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The City

The relevance of this work is due to the lack of linguistic research devoted to the current state of the Bryansk dialects, functioning in the zone, where Russia, Belorussia and Ukraine border. The article considers phonetic, grammatical and lexical-phraseological features of speech of old-timers inhabiting the south-west of the Bryansk region (Novozybkov, villages of the Novozybkovsky urban district and Zlynkovsky district) primarily in comparison with the features noted in the works of the doctor of philological sciences, professor, full member of the Institute of Belarusian Culture (later — the Belarusian Academy of Sciences) Pavel Andreevich Rastorguev (1881–1959). The collective speech portrait of elderly villagers, represented by their idiolects, is made up, on the one hand, of dialectal peculiarities, on the other hand, of phenomena that correspond to the norms of the modern Russian literary language. Particular dialectal speech features are determined by special geographical position of the southwestern regions of the Bryansk region in the past and the territorial proximity of Belarus and Ukraine (Belarusian and Ukrainian languages and dialects). These features constitute the archaic layer of the Bryansk dialects, since in the speech of the young rural population living in the city, people from villages, urban residents, as a rule, these features are manifested to a lesser extent or are completely absent. The speech portrait of the old-timers of the Bryansk-Gomel borderland forms an idea about the modern features of the border East Slavic Russian-Belarusian dialect.

Marital Disharmony among Working Couples in Metropolitan Life: an In-depth Study in Kolkata City

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
Nilanjana Ghoshal ◽  
Mst Tania Parveen ◽  
Dr Asraful Alam
Keyword(s):  
Functional Method ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Urban India ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Working Couples ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The City ◽  
Opposite Gender

In India, traditionally and from time immemorial, marriage has always been a sacred bond for people of this country. The aim of this study is to explain a socially sanctioned sex relationship involving people of two opposite gender whose relationship is expected to endure beyond time required for gestation. The functional method of the study has been set up on the field-based observation to find out the reasons behind rising of marital disharmony among working couples. But the problem is initially in modern times the concept of marriage is gradually taking a different turn between couples. Hence the focus of this paper is to study the various factors giving rise to marital disharmonies among working couples in urban India and how these discords can be solved so that couples can lead a happy harmonious married life ahead. Survey has been done in the city of Kolkata taking people from various walks of life. As Kolkata is one of the major Metropolitan cities of India it was easier to find people belonging to different professions. The result of this study is every marriage brings challenges in life. Maximum working couples are losing attachment with each other as they have lack of time for each other. Bringing work at home, sharing of parenthood, indifference towards each other, lack of adjustments are the causes for which level of disharmony is increasing.

Evaluation of Road Utilisation as Space For Holding Social Ceremonies in Indigenous Residential Area of Ogbomoso, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (March 2018) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A Okanlawon ◽  
O.O Odunjo ◽  
S.A Olaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

This study examined Residents’ evaluation of turning transport infrastructure (road) to spaces for holding social ceremonies in the indigenous residential zone of Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Upon stratifying the city into the three identifiable zones, the core, otherwise known as the indigenous residential zone was isolated for study. Of the twenty (20) political wards in the two local government areas of the town, fifteen (15) wards that were located in the indigenous zone constituted the study area. Respondents were selected along one out of every three (33.3%) of the Trunk — C (local) roads being the one mostly used for the purpose in the study area. The respondents were the residents, commercial motorists, commercial motorcyclists, and celebrants. Six hundred and forty-two (642) copies of questionnaire were administered and harvested on the spot. The Mean Analysis generated from the respondents’ rating of twelve perceived hazards listed in the questionnaire were then used to determine respondents’ most highly rated perceived consequences of the practice. These were noisy environment, Blockage of drainage by waste, and Endangering the life of the sick on the way to hospital; the most highly rated reasons why the practice came into being; and level of acceptability of the practice which was found to be very unacceptable in the study area. Policy makers should therefore focus their attention on strict enforcement of the law prohibiting the practice in order to ensure more cordial relationship among the citizenry, seeing citizens’ unacceptability of the practice in the study area.

Exploring Attendance at a Traditional Cultural Event: The Case of a Holy Week Celebration

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Víctor Lafuente ◽  
José Ángel Sanz ◽  
María Devesa
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The World ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The City ◽  
Complex Expression

Holy Week is one of the most important traditions in many parts of the world and a complex expression of cultural heritage. The main goal of this article is to explore which factors determine participation in Holy Week celebrations in the city of Palencia (Spain), measured through the number of processions attended. For this purpose, an econometric count data model is used. Variables included in the model not only reflect participants' sociodemographic features but other factors reflecting cultural capital, accumulated experience, and social aspects of the event. A distinction is drawn between three types of participants: brotherhood members, local residents, and visitors, among whom a survey was conducted to collect the information required. A total of 248 surveys were carried out among brotherhood members, 209 among local residents, and 259 among visitors. The results confirm the religious and social nature of this event, especially in the case of local participants. However, in the case of visitors, participation also depends on aspects reflecting the celebration's cultural and tourist dimension—such as visiting other religious and cultural attractions—suggesting the existence of specific tourism linked to the event. All of this suggests the need to manage the event, ensuring a balance is struck between the various stakeholders' interests and developing a tourist strategy that prioritizes public-private cooperation.

scholarly journals An Online Reputation Analysis of the Tourism Industry in Marbella: A Preliminary Study on Open Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
María Jesús Carrasco-Santos ◽  
Antonio Manuel Ciruela-Lorenzo ◽  
Juan Gabriel Méndez Pavón ◽  
Carmen Cristófol Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Specific Advice ◽  
Sociodemographic Profile ◽  
The One ◽  
Online Reputation ◽  
The City

This research analyzed the online reputation of Marbella as a tourist destination and the profiles of the reviewers according to sociodemographic characteristics. A correlational, quantitative research technique was used in this study based on the manual extraction of more than 4000 reviews generated on TripAdvisor. The data used in this study were collected from the TripAdvisor website, taking, as a sample, tourists who had visited the city in the last three years. Ratings that did not provide full data on the variables were excluded. The findings show that Marbella is considered a luxury shopping destination. The preliminary conclusions allow us to generalize about the sociodemographic profile of its tourists. The findings of the study will provide valuable information for Marbella’s Destination Management Organization (DMO). On the one hand, this study highlights the importance of ranking the attractions of the city to create better communication strategies and enhance the appeal of those attractions that receive the best ratings, establishing the true vocation of Marbella as a tourist destination. On the other hand, it provides information on what tourists perceive to be negative elements, allowing the administration to create an improvement plan. The novelty of this research paper is that it delves into Marbella’s online reputation through an analysis of specific attractions’ ratings. Areas that require further attention in future research have been highlighted, along with specific advice on each attraction that contributes to the tourist offerings of the city.

scholarly journals Scenario Analyses of Exhaust Emissions Reduction through the Introduction of Electric Vehicles into the City

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 2030
Author(s):  
Marianna Jacyna ◽  
Renata Żochowska ◽  
Aleksander Sobota ◽  
Mariusz Wasiak
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

In recent years, policymakers of urban agglomerations in various regions of the world have been striving to reduce environmental pollution from harmful exhaust and noise emissions. Restrictions on conventional vehicles entering the inner city are being introduced and the introduction of low-emission measures, including electric ones, is being promoted. This paper presents a method for scenario analysis applied to study the reduction of exhaust emissions by introducing electric vehicles in a selected city. The original scenario analyses relating to real problems faced by contemporary metropolitan areas are based on the VISUM tool (PTV Headquarters for Europe: PTV Planung Transport Verkehr AG, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany). For the case study, the transport model of the city of Bielsko-Biala (Poland) was used to conduct experiments with different forms of participation of electric vehicles on the one hand and traffic restrictions for high emission vehicles on the other hand. Scenario analyses were conducted for various constraint options including inbound, outbound, and through traffic. Travel time for specific transport relations and the volume of harmful emissions were used as criteria for evaluating scenarios of limited accessibility to city zones for selected types of vehicles. The comparative analyses carried out showed that the introduction of electric vehicles in the inner city resulted in a significant reduction in the emission of harmful exhaust compounds and, consequently, in an increase in the area of clean air in the city. The case study and its results provide some valuable insights and may guide decision-makers in their actions to introduce both driving ban restrictions for high-emission vehicles and incentives for the use of electric vehicles for city residents.

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