scholarly journals Research and Application of Chondroitin Sulfate/Dermatan Sulfate-Degrading Enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenshuang Wang ◽  
Liran Shi ◽  
Yong Qin ◽  
Fuchuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Dermatan Sulfate ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Basic Studies

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) are widely distributed on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix in the form of proteoglycan, where they participate in various biological processes. The diverse functions of CS/DS can be mainly attributed to their high structural variability. However, their structural complexity creates a big challenge for structural and functional studies of CS/DS. CS/DS-degrading enzymes with different specific activities are irreplaceable tools that could be used to solve this problem. Depending on the site of action, CS/DS-degrading enzymes can be classified as glycosidic bond-cleaving enzymes and sulfatases from animals and microorganisms. As discussed in this review, a few of the identified enzymes, particularly those from bacteria, have wildly applied to the basic studies and applications of CS/DS, such as disaccharide composition analysis, the preparation of bioactive oligosaccharides, oligosaccharide sequencing, and potential medical application, but these do not fulfill all of the needs in terms of the structural complexity of CS/DS.

scholarly journals Chondroitin Sulfate/Dermatan Sulfate-Protein Interactions and Their Biological Functions in Human Diseases: Implications and Analytical Tools

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Lianli Chi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Dermatan Sulfate ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Protein Characterization ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Gag Protein ◽  
Core Proteins

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) are linear anionic polysaccharides that are widely present on the cell surface and in the cell matrix and connective tissue. CS and DS chains are usually attached to core proteins and are present in the form of proteoglycans (PGs). They not only are important structural substances but also bind to a variety of cytokines, growth factors, cell surface receptors, adhesion molecules, enzymes and fibrillary glycoproteins to execute series of important biological functions. CS and DS exhibit variable sulfation patterns and different sequence arrangements, and their molecular weights also vary within a large range, increasing the structural complexity and diversity of CS/DS. The structure-function relationship of CS/DS PGs directly and indirectly involves them in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence suggests that CS/DS serves as an important cofactor for many cell behaviors. Understanding the molecular basis of these interactions helps to elucidate the occurrence and development of various diseases and the development of new therapeutic approaches. The present article reviews the physiological and pathological processes in which CS and DS participate through their interactions with different proteins. Moreover, classic and emerging glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-protein interaction analysis tools and their applications in CS/DS-protein characterization are also discussed.

Sequencing of chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides using a novel exolyase from a marine bacterium that degrades hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate

2017 ◽  
Vol 474 (22) ◽  
pp. 3831-3848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenshuang Wang ◽  
Xiaojuan Cai ◽  
Naihan Han ◽  
Wenjun Han ◽  
Kazuyuki Sugahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Dermatan Sulfate ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Sugar Chains

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of chemically heterogeneous polysaccharides that play important roles in physiological and pathological processes. Owing to the structural complexity of GAGs, their sophisticated chemical structures and biological functions have not been extensively studied. Lyases that cleave GAGs are important tools for structural analysis. Although various GAG lyases have been identified, exolytic lyases with unique enzymatic property are urgently needed for GAG sequencing. In the present study, a putative exolytic GAG lyase from a marine bacterium was recombinantly expressed and characterized in detail. Since it showed exolytic lyase activity toward hyaluronan (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and dermatan sulfate (DS), it was designated as HCDLase. This novel exolyase exhibited the highest activity in Tris–HCl buffer (pH 7.0) at 30°C. Especially, it showed a specific activity that released 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB)-labeled disaccharides from the reducing end of 2-AB-labeled CS oligosaccharides, which suggest that HCDLase is not only a novel exolytic lyase that can split disaccharide residues from the reducing termini of sugar chains but also a useful tool for the sequencing of CS chains. Notably, HCDLase could not digest 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides from HA, DS, or unsulfated chondroitin, which indicated that sulfates and bond types affect the catalytic activity of HCDLase. Finally, this enzyme combined with CSase ABC was successfully applied for the sequencing of several CS hexa- and octasaccharides with complex structures. The identification of HCDLase provides a useful tool for CS-related research and applications.

scholarly journals Highly-Efficient Release of Ferulic Acid from Agro-Industrial By-Products via Enzymatic Hydrolysis with Cellulose-Degrading Enzymes: Part I–The Superiority of Hydrolytic Enzymes Versus Conventional Hydrolysis

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Karina Juhnevica-Radenkova ◽  
Jorens Kviesis ◽  
Diego A. Moreno ◽  
Dalija Seglina ◽  
Fernando Vallejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
By Products

Historically Triticum aestívum L. and Secale cereále L. are widely used in the production of bakery products. From the total volume of grain cultivated, roughly 85% is used for the manufacturing of flour, while the remaining part is discarded or utilized rather inefficiently. The limited value attached to bran is associated with their structural complexity, i.e., the presence of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which makes this material suitable mostly as a feed supplement, while in food production its use presents a challenge. To valorize these materials to food and pharmaceutical applications, additional pre-treatment is required. In the present study, an effective, sustainable, and eco-friendly approach to ferulic acid (FA) production was demonstrated through the biorefining process accomplished by non-starch polysaccharides degrading enzymes. Up to 11.3 and 8.6 g kg−1 of FA was released from rye and wheat bran upon 24 h enzymatic hydrolysis with multi-enzyme complex Viscozyme® L, respectively.

Isolation of a chondroitin sulfate-dermatan sulfate proteoglycan from bovine aorta

1975 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Ehrlich ◽  
Bhandaru Radhakrishnamurthy ◽  
Gerald S. Berenson
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Dermatan Sulfate ◽  
Sulfate Proteoglycan ◽  
Dermatan Sulfate Proteoglycan

Proteoglycan-substrate gel zymography for the detection of chondroitin sulfate-degrading enzymes

2019 ◽  
Vol 568 ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
Takashi Kobayashi ◽  
Ikuko Kakizaki ◽  
Toshiya Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Degrading Enzymes

scholarly journals Chondroitin Sulfate-Degrading Enzymes as Tools for the Development of New Pharmaceuticals

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Benito-Arenas ◽  
Sandra Zárate ◽  
Julia Revuelta ◽  
Agatha Bastida
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfates

Chondroitin sulfates are linear anionic sulfated polysaccharides found in biological tissues, mainly within the extracellular matrix, which are degraded and altered by specific lyases depending on specific time points. These polysaccharides have recently acquired relevance in the pharmaceutical industry due to their interesting therapeutic applications. As a consequence, chondroitin sulfate (CS) lyases have been widely investigated as tools for the development of new pharmaceuticals based on these polysaccharides. This review focuses on the major breakthrough represented by chondroitin sulfate-degrading enzymes and their structures and mechanisms of function in addition to their major applications.

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