scholarly journals Interactive effects of dietary adaptation period length and titration diet type on apparent ileal phosphorus digestibility and phosphorus retention in growing broilers

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 2332-2341 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. Perryman ◽  
R.C. Cattley ◽  
H.V. Masey O'Neill ◽  
M.R. Bedford ◽  
W.A. Dozier
Keyword(s):  
Period Length ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Phosphorus Retention ◽  
Dietary Adaptation ◽  
Diet Type

Phenylalanine flux, oxidation, and conversion to tyrosine in humans studied with L-[1-13C]phenylalanine

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (6) ◽  
pp. E835-E843 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Zello ◽  
P. B. Pencharz ◽  
R. O. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acid ◽  
World Health ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Amino Acid Requirement ◽  
Dietary Adaptation ◽  
Plasma Phenylalanine ◽  
Health Organization

Phenylalanine metabolism was determined in 41 studies of adult males (n = 10) consuming an energy-sufficient diet and receiving graded levels of dietary phenylalanine and excess tyrosine (40 mg.kg-1.day-1). After a dietary adaptation period to either 4.2 or 14.0 mg.kg-1.day-1 of phenylalanine; flux, plasma concentration, oxidation, and conversion to tyrosine were measured at test phenylalanine intakes of 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, or 60 mg.kg-1.day-1. Oxidation was low and constant (1.3 mumol.kg-1.h-1) at intakes at or below 10 mg.kg-1.day-1 and increased linearly above this level. Conversion to tyrosine was minimal (2.1%) at these intakes. Breakpoint analysis showed the phenylalanine requirement with excess tyrosine to be 9.1 mg.kg-1.day-1. Plasma phenylalanine concentrations confirmed this estimate of requirement. Prior adaptation did not significantly affect overall flux, plasma concentration, or oxidation nor did it affect the requirement estimate. With the assumption that tyrosine can supply two-thirds of the aromatic amino acid requirement, these data suggest that the aromatic amino acid requirement should be 30 mg.kg-1.day-1 and the World Health Organization recommendation of 14 mg.kg-1.day-1 is an underestimate.

PSX-33 Effect of supplementing different proportions of sericea lespedeza with alfalfa silage on intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance in sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 454-454
Author(s):  
Valens Niyigena ◽  
K P Coffey ◽  
W K Coblentz ◽  
D Philipp ◽  
M C Savin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Dietary Adaptation ◽  
Forage Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Alfalfa Silage

Abstract Dietary manipulations to include tannins can change the proportion and amounts of N excreted in the urine and feces as well as improve N-use efficiency in ruminants. This study was conducted to investigate effects on animal digestion parameters of adding different proportions of sericea lespedeza hay (SL) to alfalfa silage. Alfalfa was harvested in June 2018 at 75% bloom, chopped, and then packed at 55% moisture into plastic-lined bins and allowed to ensile for 3 months. Alfalfa silage was either offered alone or mixed with 9, 18, or 27% SL on a DM basis. These diets were offered randomly for ad libitum consumption to 16 ewes (41.8 ± 4.61 kg BW) in a randomized complete block design experiment with 2 periods to provide 4 observations per treatment per experimental period, each consisting of a 14-d dietary adaptation period followed by 5 d of total fecal and urine collection. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS and orthogonal linear and quadratic trend analyses were tested. Digestibility (%) of DM and OM and digestible DM and OM intake (g/kg BW) decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing SL addition to the diet. Digestibility of NDF and ADF decreased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing SL, and apparent absorption (%) of N decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing SL in the diet. Urinary N excretions (g/d) tended (P = 0.10) to decrease linearly while fecal N (g/day) tended to increase (P = 0.10) linearly with increasing SL proportion in the diet. In this study, supplementation with sericea lespedeza as a tannin source to alfalfa silage decreased forage digestibility and digestible organic matter intake and did not positively influence nitrogen use. The study was supported in part by USDA-ARS specific cooperative agreement 58-3655-4-052 and by USDA NIFA grant 2018-67019-27804.

Nellore bulls in Brazilian feedlots can be safely adapted to high-concentrate diets using 14-day restriction and step-up protocols

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Parra ◽  
J. R. Ronchesel ◽  
C. L. Martins ◽  
A. Perdigão ◽  
M. C. S. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Dietary Adaptation ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Dressing Percentage

In the present study, the effects of restricted intake of the final finishing diet as a means of dietary adaptation compared with diets increasing in concentrate content (step-up) over periods of 14 and 21 days on growth performance, carcass characteristics, feeding behaviour and rumen morphometrics of Nellore cattle were evaluated. One hundred and twenty 20 months old Nellore bulls (initial BW = 372.2 kg, s.d. = 21.5 kg) were randomly allocated in 24 pens (n = 5 per pen) and fed for 84 days. The study had a completely randomised design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: adaptation using both 14-day and 21-day step-up and restriction protocols. Each treatment was replicated 6 times. One bull per pen was slaughtered (n = 24) at the end of adaptation period to evaluate rumen morphometrics. The remaining bulls (n = 96) were slaughtered at the end of experimental period. Interactions were observed (P < 0.05) for growth performance, feeding behaviour and rumen morphometrics variables. Overall, no protocol or adaptation length main effect (P > 0.05) was observed for any of the growth rate and carcass traits evaluated, except for hot carcass weight (P = 0.03) and dressing percentage (P = 0.04), where bulls adapted for 14 days had heavier carcasses and increased dressing percentage when compared with cattle adapted for 21 days. Cattle adapted for 21 days had a larger (P = 0.005) rumen wall absorptive surface area at the end of adaptation period than those adapted for 14 days; however, no differences were detected at the end of finishing period. Thus, Nellore yearling bulls could be adapted for 14 days regardless of the protocol.

The Influence of Diet Type on Ranking for Feed Intake in Angus Cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 32-32
Author(s):  
Amanda Holder ◽  
James Rogers ◽  
Ryon Walker ◽  
Paul Beck
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Diet Type

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of diet type on feed intake in mature Angus cows. Forty-eight gestating Angus cows (708 ± 52 kg; 7 ± 0.75 years old) were assigned to one of four drylot pens based on their genomic score for residual feed intake (“High” RFI, 7.3 ± 0.5, “Low” RFI, 5.5 ± 0.7). Each pen contained an automatic waterer as well as four GrowSafe individual feed intake units. During the first period, two of the four pens were assigned to a processed hay diet (10.0% CP, 1.98 Mcal ME/kg DM) while the other two pens consumed a mixed ration consisting of 43.0% hay, 33.0% corn, 13.0% soybean hulls, and 11.0% liquid supplement, DM basis (11.7% CP, DM basis and 2.43 Mcal ME/kg DM). Following a 14-day adaptation period, feed intake was recorded for 45 days. Subsequently, diet type was switched and followed by 14 days of adaptation to the new diet and 45 days of feed intake measurement. Data were analyzed as a crossover study using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS v9.4. Pearson correlation coefficients were determined between phenotypic traits and genomic score. Feed intake was highly correlated (r = 0.75) among the two diet types. In comparison, average daily gain (ADG) was negatively correlated (r = -0.37) among the two diet types. No differences were observed in DMI or performance for cows ranked “high” or “low” based on genomic score. More research is required to determine if selection for increased weight gain when consuming a high-quality mixed ration could be detrimental to cattle performance consuming moderate to low-quality forage.

Investigation of the Effect of Mode and Tempo on Emotional Responses to Music Using EEG Power Asymmetry

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Trochidis ◽  
Emmanuel Bigand
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Musical Excerpt ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Musical Modes ◽  
Slow Tempo ◽  
The Right

The combined interactions of mode and tempo on emotional responses to music were investigated using both self-reports and electroencephalogram (EEG) activity. A musical excerpt was performed in three different modes and tempi. Participants rated the emotional content of the resulting nine stimuli and their EEG activity was recorded. Musical modes influence the valence of emotion with major mode being evaluated happier and more serene, than minor and locrian modes. In EEG frontal activity, major mode was associated with an increased alpha activation in the left hemisphere compared to minor and locrian modes, which, in turn, induced increased activation in the right hemisphere. The tempo modulates the arousal value of emotion with faster tempi associated with stronger feeling of happiness and anger and this effect is associated in EEG with an increase of frontal activation in the left hemisphere. By contrast, slow tempo induced decreased frontal activation in the left hemisphere. Some interactive effects were found between mode and tempo: An increase of tempo modulated the emotion differently depending on the mode of the piece.

Interactive Effects of Acute Suicidal Affective Disturbance and Pain Persistence on Suicide Attempt Frequency and Lethality

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Rogers ◽  
Thomas E. Joiner
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Affective Disturbance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Acute suicidal affective disturbance (ASAD) has been proposed as a suicide-specific entity that confers risk for imminent suicidal behavior. Preliminary evidence suggests that ASAD is associated with suicidal behavior beyond a number of factors; however, no study to date has examined potential moderating variables.  Aims: The present study tested the hypotheses that physical pain persistence would moderate the relationship between ASAD and (1) lifetime suicide attempts and (2) attempt lethality. Method: Students ( N = 167) with a history of suicidality completed self-report measures assessing the lifetime worst-point ASAD episode and the presence of a lifetime suicide attempt, a clinical interview about attempt lethality, and a physical pain tolerance task. Results: Physical pain persistence was a significant moderator of the association between ASAD and lifetime suicide attempts ( B = 0.00001, SE = 0.000004, p = .032), such that the relationship between ASAD and suicide attempts strengthened at increasing levels of pain persistence. The interaction between ASAD and pain persistence in relation to attempt lethality was nonsignificant ( B = 0.000004, SE = 0.00001, p = .765). Limitations: This study included a cross-sectional/retrospective analysis of worst-point ASAD symptoms, current physical pain perception, and lifetime suicide attempts. Conclusion: ASAD may confer risk for suicidal behavior most strongly at higher levels of pain persistence, whereas ASAD and pain perception do not influence attempt lethality.

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