Nellore bulls in Brazilian feedlots can be safely adapted to high-concentrate diets using 14-day restriction and step-up protocols

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Parra ◽  
J. R. Ronchesel ◽  
C. L. Martins ◽  
A. Perdigão ◽  
M. C. S. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Dietary Adaptation ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Dressing Percentage

In the present study, the effects of restricted intake of the final finishing diet as a means of dietary adaptation compared with diets increasing in concentrate content (step-up) over periods of 14 and 21 days on growth performance, carcass characteristics, feeding behaviour and rumen morphometrics of Nellore cattle were evaluated. One hundred and twenty 20 months old Nellore bulls (initial BW = 372.2 kg, s.d. = 21.5 kg) were randomly allocated in 24 pens (n = 5 per pen) and fed for 84 days. The study had a completely randomised design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: adaptation using both 14-day and 21-day step-up and restriction protocols. Each treatment was replicated 6 times. One bull per pen was slaughtered (n = 24) at the end of adaptation period to evaluate rumen morphometrics. The remaining bulls (n = 96) were slaughtered at the end of experimental period. Interactions were observed (P < 0.05) for growth performance, feeding behaviour and rumen morphometrics variables. Overall, no protocol or adaptation length main effect (P > 0.05) was observed for any of the growth rate and carcass traits evaluated, except for hot carcass weight (P = 0.03) and dressing percentage (P = 0.04), where bulls adapted for 14 days had heavier carcasses and increased dressing percentage when compared with cattle adapted for 21 days. Cattle adapted for 21 days had a larger (P = 0.005) rumen wall absorptive surface area at the end of adaptation period than those adapted for 14 days; however, no differences were detected at the end of finishing period. Thus, Nellore yearling bulls could be adapted for 14 days regardless of the protocol.

Corrigendum to: Performance and carcass composition of pigs from two sire lines are affected differently by ambient temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 620
Author(s):  
Luan Sousa dos Santos ◽  
Paulo Henrique Reis Furtado Campos ◽  
Welex Cândido da Silva ◽  
Alini Mari Veira ◽  
Alicia Zem Fraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Genetic Line ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Individual Farm

Context Differences among breeds or lines of pigs in terms of growth and carcass characteristics may be affected by rearing environment (genetic × environment interaction). Aims The present study compared the growth performance and carcass composition of pigs from two sire lines reared under constant thermoneutral (22°C; TN) or high ambient temperature (33°C; HT) conditions. Methods Hampshire (HAM) and synthetic-cross (SYN) castrated male pigs (n = 12 per group; 32.0 ± 2.0 kg) were kept in individual pens at either 22°C (TN) or 33°C (HT) for 55 days (two experimental phases: 0–27 and 28–55 days) following an adaptation period of 7 days. Throughout the experimental period, growth performance and body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry on Days 27 and 55) were assessed, and a range of other measurements (serum parameters and physiological responses), which were divided into four measurement groups, was taken on 9 days. Key results Irrespective of genetic line (G), the pigs in the HT treatment had lower average daily feed intake values (P P P P P Conclusion Despite progeny from both genetic lines being affected negatively by high AT, the purebred HAM pigs were less affected by the high AT conditions than were the pigs from the synthetic line. Implication The present findings suggest that individual farm conditions and AT are among the most important factors to consider before implementing a G.

The effect of dietary concentrations of digestible energy on the performance and carcass characteristics of early-weaned pigs

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
M. R. Taverner ◽  
P. D. Mullaney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

SUMMARYFifty-four pigs weaned at 3 weeks of age were allocated at an average weight of 5·4 kg to two experiments to examine the effects of diets having digestible energy (DE) concentrations ranging from 2910 to 3940 kcal/kg.In the first experiment pig growth performance and the dry-matter digestibility of the experimental diets were measured between 3 and 8 weeks of age. The composition of the carcass at 8 weeks of age was correlated with the composition of various carcass joints.In the second experiment pig growth performance was measured over the live-weight range 5-4 to 20 kg.The findings were:1. Growth rate was linearly related to DE intake.2. The optimum DE level for maximum growth was 3640 kcal/kg.3. The efficiency of utilization of DE for growth did not vary in the first experiment but was poorest at a DE concentration of 3245 kcal/kg in the second.4. The DE content of the diet had no significant effect on carcass characteristics at 8 weeks of age in the first experiment or at 20 kg live weight in the second.5. The proportion of fat and lean in the 8-week carcass was significantly (P < 0·01) correlated with that of the shoulder joint.

Growth and carcass characteristics of ram, cryptorchid and wether Border Leicester x Merino lambs: effects of increasing carcass weight.

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Lee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Consumer Acceptability ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Score Distributions

The growth and carcass characteristics of first-cross Border Leicester x Merino ram, cryptorchid and wether lambs were compared over a range of slaughter weights (35-55 kg). Lambs were offered feed ad libitum after weaning. The growth rate of wether lambs (221 g/day) was less (P< 0.01) than that of rams and cryptorchids (308 and 280 g/day respectively, P = 0.076). The dressed carcasses of the wether lambs were approximately 2 percentage units heavier than those of the ram and cryptorchids, but this difference was partly due to the weight of the testes. Across all sex groups, dressing percentage increased by 0.46 percentage units per kg increase in carcass weight. The carcasses of rams and cryptorchid lambs tended to be leaner than those of wethers. Fat score distributions, based on export standards, were such that wethers scored higher (fatter) than rams and cryptorchids (P< 0.05). There was a significant sexx carcass weight interaction with GR tissue depths. Above 17 kg carcass weight, tissue depth of wether lambs was greater than those of the other sex types. Of 12 families assessing consumer acceptability (taste, smell, size, fatness and tenderness) of leg roasts, the majority showed no preference for any of the sexes.

Effects of sex and year on growth and live assessment of carcass characteristics of lambs grazing annual pastures

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
LP Thatcher ◽  
B Warren ◽  
PJ Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Clover Content

Lambs from the Poll Dorset x (Border Leicester x Merino) cross were raised from a late lambing in 1983 (a year when pastures grew unchecked and had high clover content) and 1984 (a year with intermittent dry periods and a low clover content in pastures). Multivariate repeated measures analyses were used to compare growth rates for rams, wethers and ewes within 2 periods of growth in 1983, and 4 in 1984. In all stages rams grew significantly faster than wethers and ewes, whereas wether growth rate exceeded that of ewes in only 3 stages. In general, when pasture availability and quality was high, rams grew faster than wethers by 0.3 kg/week and ewes by 0.5 kg/week. The rams grew 0.16 kg/week faster when pasture availability was limiting for a period in winter but lost significant (P<0.01) body condition, whilst ewes maintained both weight and condition. When good quality feed was again available, rams gained more weight than wethers, as did wethers compared with ewes, while rams and wethers gained more condition than ewes. Carcass weight and fatness, measured either as indicators of fat (GR measurement or fat score) or as total subcutaneous fat, could be predicted from assessments made on live lambs. Full liveweight, sex and year explained 41% of variation in GR, 48% in fat score and 79% in subcutaneous fat. Condition score, sex and year explained 45% of variation in GR, 52% in fat score and 57% in subcutaneous fat. Full liveweight, condition score, sex and year explained 80% of the variation in subcutaneous fat, 47% in GR and 57% in fat score. An interaction of sex with full liveweight in predicting carcass weight and subcutaneous fat indicated that as carcass size increased, the sex of the lamb became an increasingly important consideration when assessing characteristics important in describing lamb carcasses. Dressing percentage decreased by 0.08/kg as liveweight increased. This result was consistent over the 2 years, with opportunities for error being assessed and eliminated in the second year. Notwithstanding that this was an unimportant loss in real terms, published information showed an increase in dressing percentage with liveweight.

525 Carcass characteristics of Nellore cattle submitted to either nutritional restriction or intake of concentrate feedstuffs prior to adaptation period

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. 257-257
Author(s):  
D. D. Millen ◽  
M. C. Pereira ◽  
O. A. Souza ◽  
A. C. J. Pinto ◽  
G. P. Bertoldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Nutritional Restriction

Effect of Proteinated Minerals and Yeast Culture on Growth and Carcass Characteristics of Fattening Heifers

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 97-97
Author(s):  
R.J. Fallon ◽  
M. Drennan ◽  
M.P. Boland
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Soyabean Meal

Feed additives which enhance the growth rate of beef cattle during the fattening period would be of benefit to the industry. The effects of dietary supplementation with “Bio-Boost Plus”, a product containing mineral proteinates (Cu, Zn, Mn) and yeast culture on heifer growth rate and carcass characteristics were examined. The response to the inclusion of yeast culture in the diet of fattening cattle was a 7.5% increase when averaged over sixteen different studies (Wallace and Newbold, 1993). It was postulated that the response to yeast culture would be increased with the inclusion of proteinated minerals Cu, Zn and Mn to the daily diet.Seventy two 16 month old continental cross heifers with an initial liveweight of 393 kg were assigned on a liveweight basis to one of two treatments: a) control - diet consisting of grass silage ad libitum plus 3 kg of concentrates per head per day; b) Bio-Boost Plus - control diet supplemented with 15 g of Bio-Boost Plus per head per day. Heifers were group penned according to treatment (8 pens of 9 animals) for the 131 day experimental period. The daily concentrate (rolled barley 900, soyabean meal 80 and minerals and vitamins 20 g/kg) allowance was offered in one feed each morning and the Bio-Boost Plus was added as a top dressing to the concentrate.

Effect of garlic meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics of indigenous Venda chickens

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Ditle ◽  
J. W. Ng’ambi ◽  
D. Norris ◽  
O. J. Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Carcass Parameters

A study was conducted to determine the growth performance and carcass characteristics of indigenous Venda chickens fed a grower’s diet supplemented with varying levels of garlic meal. The study was based on four diets containing similar energy but different garlic meal supplementation levels of 0, 10, 15 and 25 g/kg DM. At 50 to 91 days, all the growth and carcass parameters measured were improved (P less than 0.05) by garlic meal supplementation. Feed intake, growth rate, feed conversion ratio, live weight, carcass weight, dressing percent, breast meat, thigh, drumstick, gizzard and fat pad weights of Venda chickens were optimized at different garlic meal supplementation levels of 14.7, 15.8, 8.0, 16.4, 14.2, 12.7, 11.2, 12.7, 8.2, 10.5 and 15.1, respectively. These findings have implications on ration formulation for indigenous Venda chickens. Thus, it was concluded that garlic meal supplementation improved feed intake, growth rate, live weight and carcass weight of Venda chickens.

Effects of high concentrations of crude glycerin in diets for feedlot lambs: feeding behaviour, growth performance, carcass and non-carcass traits

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Tulio Costa Almeida ◽  
Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel ◽  
Josimari Regina Paschoaloto ◽  
Henrique Leal Perez ◽  
Vanessa Barbosa de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Crude Glycerin ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Daily Gain

The effects of high concentrations of crude glycerin were investigated in diets for feedlot lambs. Forty crossbred (Santa Ines × Dorper) uncastrated male lambs (21.7 ± 2.7 kg bodyweight) were assigned to a complete randomised block and subjected to four experimental diets containing 0, 100, 200, or 300 g crude glycerin/kg DM. Animals were weighed at 14-day intervals and were harvested when they reached ~35 kg bodyweight. The feed intake, feeding behaviour, growth performance, carcass and meat traits, and edible non-carcass components were evaluated. The inclusion of more than 100 g/kg crude glycerin in the diets increased days on feed and decreased DM intake and average daily gain. Crude glycerin increased number of chews and the time spent chewing per feed bolus. There were no effects of crude glycerin on pH and colour of Longissimus muscle at 45 min or 24 h after slaughter, as well as on other carcass and edible non-carcass characteristics. The addition of crude glycerin reduced perirenal fat without detrimental effect on others fat deposition sites. In conclusion, the addition of up to 100 g/kg DM in diets for crossbred finishing lambs seems to be the most interesting strategy, as it promotes greatest animal performance. However, the inclusion of up to 300 g/kg DM of the by-product could be possible depending on glycerin market price and the structure of feedlot operation, with favourable economic results despite high inclusions reflect in greater number of days on feed.

Performance, Carcass and Relative Organ Weights of Young Boars Fed Graded Dietary Levels of Raw Icacinia manni (Earth Ball)

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S Ekpo ◽  
I.M Sam ◽  
U.M Okon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Young Boars ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A study conducted for a period of fifty (50) days to determine the growth performance, carcass and organ weight of growing boars fed graded dietary levels of raw Icacinia manni tuber meal. Four experimental diets were formulated with Icacinia manni (Earth ball) replacing maize at 0, 5, 10 and 15% levels designated as T1(control), T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Forty-eight (48) young boars (Landrace x Large white) each weighed 7.72+ 0.35kg were assigned to the four dietary treatments and replicated three times of four boars each in a completely randomized design. Carcass traits and relative organs weights were evaluated. These traits were; dressed weight, dressing percentage, head, shank, trotter, belly, thick rib chop, rib chop, loin, chump chop, leg fillet end, Leg shank end, liver, lungs, kidney spleen and heart. The results indicated that apart from T4, diets T1, T2 and T3 did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in terms of feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. This implies that Icacinia manni did not affect growth performance except at 15% level of inclusion Similarly, Pigs fed diets T2 and T3 showed significant (P<0.05) increase in dressed weight, dressing percentage as well as certain primal cuts such as breast, rib chop, loin and chump chop. However, relative organs weight did not differ (P>0.05) across dietary treatments except the lungs in T4 (15%) signifying the non-deleterious effect of raw icacinia manni, at 10%. To attain optimum performance and carcass characteristics in young boars therefore, inclusion of raw Icacinia manni in young boars’ diet at 10 percent is recommended.

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