scholarly journals Ileal endogenous amino acid flow response to nitrogen-free diets with differing ratios of corn starch to dextrose in broiler chickens

2013 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1276-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kong ◽  
O. Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Flow Response ◽  
Endogenous Amino Acid

scholarly journals Endogenous amino acid flow in the avian ileum: quantification using three techniques

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ravindran ◽  
L. I. Hew ◽  
G. Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Endogenous Protein ◽  
Protein Free Diet ◽  
Hydrolysed Casein ◽  
Endogenous Amino Acid

The aim of the present study was to compare the protein-free diet, guanidinated casein (GuC) and enzyme hydrolysed casein (EHC) methods for the quantification of endogenous amino acid (AA) flow in the avian ileum. Growing broiler chickens (5 weeks old) were used. All three assay diets were based on dextrose, and in the GuC and EHC diets GuC or EHC were the sole source of N. Endogenous AA flows determined with the use of protein-free diet were considerably lower (P>0·05) than those determined by the GuC and EHC methods. The total endogenous AA flows determined by the GuC and EHC methods were almost 3-fold greater (P>0·05) than those determined by the protein-free diet. The endogenous AA values obtained from GuC and EHC methods were similar (P<0·05), except for the flow of arginine, which was lower (P>0·05) in the EHC method. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, threonine and glycine were the predominant endogenous AA present in digesta from the distal ileum. The contents of methionine, histidine and cystine were lower compared with other AA. The method of determination had no effect on the AA composition of endogenous protein, except for threonine, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine and cystine. The concentrations of threonine and arginine were lower (P>0·05) and that of lysine was higher (P>0·05) with the EHC method compared with the other two methods. The concentration of glutamic acid was greater (P0·05) and that of cystine was lower (P>0·05) in the EHC and GuC methods compared with the protein-free diet method. The results showed that the ileal endogenous flows of N and AA are markedly enhanced by the presence of protein and peptides, above those determined following feeding of a protein-free diet. It is concluded that the use of EHC and GuC methods enables the measurement of ileal endogenous losses in chickens under normal physiological conditions.

scholarly journals Regression-Derived Ileal Endogenous Amino Acid Losses in Broiler Chickens and Cannulated Pigs Fed Corn Fiber, Wheat Bran, and Pectin

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2145
Author(s):  
Sunday A. Adedokun ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Corn Fiber ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Endogenous Amino Acid

The objective of these studies was to determine the effect corn fiber (CF), wheat bran (WB) and pectin (PEC) on basal ileal endogenous amino acid (EAA) losses in broiler chickens (Exp. 1) and cannulated pigs (Exp. 2) using the regression method. Semi-purified diets containing 100 g/kg of CF, WB, or PEC (broiler chickens) and CF or PEC (pigs) were fed to replicate cages consisting of eight birds per cage of 21-d-old broiler chickens and six replicates of pigs consisting of one pig per pen. Ileal endogenous His, Glu, and Pro losses were higher (p < 0.05) for CF and WB compared with birds fed diets containing PEC. Contrasts between CF and WB showed higher (p < 0.05) ileal endogenous nitrogen, total amino acid, His, Ile, Met, Glu, Pro, and Tyr losses in birds fed the CF diets (Exp. 1). Contrasts of EAA losses between birds fed the WB and PEC diets showed higher (p < 0.05) losses for His, Glu, and Pro. In the cannulated pigs, CF resulted in higher (p < 0.05) ileal endogenous His, Leu, and Tyr losses. In summary, CF induced higher ileal EAA losses in broiler chickens and cannulated pigs.

scholarly journals Endogenous flow of amino acids in the avian ileum as influenced by increasing dietary peptide concentrations

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 822-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velmurugu Ravindran ◽  
Patrick C. H. Morel ◽  
Shane M. Rutherfurd ◽  
Donald V. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Endogenous Protein ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Protein Free Diet ◽  
Endogenous Amino Acid

The aim of the present study was to establish whether feeding broiler chickens with diets containing increasing dietary peptide concentrations would cause increases in ileal endogenous amino acid flow. The flow of N and most amino acids increased quadratically (P < 0·05 to 0·001) with increasing dietary concentrations of peptides. The exceptions were the flow of threonine, serine, glycine, tyrosine and cystine, which increased linearly (P < 0·001) with dietary peptide levels. Another notable exception to the general trend was the flow of proline, which was significantly higher (P < 0·01) in birds fed the protein-free diet. The amino acid profile of endogenous protein, expressed as proportion of crude protein, indicated that the ratios of threonine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, leucine, histidine, arginine and cystine were influenced (P < 0·05) with increasing dietary peptide concentrations. In general, compared with the protein-free diet, the ratios of threonine and arginine in endogenous protein were lower (P < 0·05) and those of glutamic acid, glycine and histidine were greater (P < 0·05) in diets with high concentrations of peptides. The ratio of proline was found to decrease (P < 0·05) with increasing dietary peptide concentrations. These changes in the amino acid profile of endogenous protein are probably reflective of changes in the output of one or more of the components of endogenous protein. Overall, the present results demonstrated that increasing dietary peptide concentrations increased the flow of endogenous amino acid flow at the terminal ileum of broiler chickens in a dose-dependent manner and also caused changes in the composition of endogenous protein. The observed changes in endogenous amino flow will influence the maintenance requirements for amino acids and also have implications for the calculation of true digestibility coefficient of feedstuffs.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Endogenous Ileal Amino Acid Flow and Digestive Physiology to Nitrogen-Free Diets with Differing Ratios of Dextrose to Corn Starch in Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huajin Zhou ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Yanhong Chen ◽  
Yanwei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Amino Acids Composition ◽  
Similar Body

Abstract Determination of ileal endogenous amino acids (IEAAs) is necessary for the calculation of standardized ileal amino acid digestibility. This experiment was conducted to compare the response of amino acids composition of IEAAs of broilers, and digestive physiology fed the nitrogen-free diet (NFD) formulated with different ratios of dextrose to corn starch (D/CS). 28d-old broiler chickens (n = 210) with similar body weight were allocated to 5 treatment groups, including a control group (CT, basal diet, normal level of protein) and four NFD groups for a 3-days trial, designated as A (D/CS = 1.00), B (D/CS = 0.60), C (D/CS = 0.33), and D (D/CS = 0.14). The results showed that NFD significantly reduced serum IGF-1, albumin and uric acid levels when compared with the control (P < 0.05). A higher ratio of D/CS (1.00 and 0.60) increased Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Leu, His, Tyr, Arg, and Pro contents of IEAAs when compared with the ratio of 0.33 and 0.14 (P < 0.05). Moreover, ileal DM digestibility and digestive enzyme increased with an increasing ratio of dextrose to corn starch (P < 0.001). The number of ileal goblet cells and the gene expression of Mucin 2 were higher in group A (D/CS=1.00) than in group C (D/CS = 0.33) and the control (P < 0.05). It was further observed that NFD indeed reshaped the gut microbiota, characterized by lower Bacteroidetes, a significantly increased proportion of Proteobacteria, and decreased microbial diversity (P < 0.05).Our results indicate that the chicken fed NFD were accompanied by huge digestive physiological alterations, presenting with malnutrition and accumulation of Proteobacteria in the gut. Different proportions of dextrose and starch directly affect the basal IEAAs of broiler chickens. A higher proportion of dextrose (D/CS = 1 and 0.6) in NFD increase IEAAs by promoting secretion of digestive enzyme and mucin. But the excessive proportion of starch is unsuitable for the chicken to digest NFD (D/CS = 0.14). Therefore, we suggest the ratio of dextrose to corn starch in NFD at 0.33 might be more appropriate to detect IEAAs of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Basal ileal endogenous amino acid flow in broiler chickens as influenced by age

2021 ◽  
pp. 101269
Author(s):  
M. Barua ◽  
M.R. Abdollahi ◽  
F. Zaefarian ◽  
T.J. Wester ◽  
C.K. Girish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Endogenous Amino Acid

scholarly journals Ileal endogenous amino acid losses: Response of broiler chickens to fiber and mild coccidial vaccine challenge

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Adedokun ◽  
K.M. Ajuwon ◽  
L.F. Romero ◽  
O. Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Endogenous Amino Acid
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