scholarly journals Problems in Practical Implementation of Phase Feeding in Developing Countries

1977 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-505
Author(s):  
D.H. Bushman ◽  
G. Akbar Joyo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Practical Implementation

scholarly journals Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Are All Countries Treating Children in the Same Way? A Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Donà ◽  
Dora Luise ◽  
Liviana Da Dalt ◽  
Carlo Giaquinto
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Guidelines Implementation ◽  
Current State

Background. Pneumonia represents an important threat to children’s health in both developed and developing countries. In the last 10 years, many national and international guidelines on the treatment of pediatric CAP have been published, in order to optimize the prescription of antibiotics and limit their cost and side effects. However, the practical implementation of these guidelines is still limited.Main Text. We analyzed the current recommendations for the therapy of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) that all converge on the identification of aminopenicillins and beta-lactams as the optimal treatment for CAP. We also conducted a review of the current literature on antibiotic regimens used for pediatric CAP to identify the current state of guidelines implementation in different settings. We selected 37 studies published from 2010 to 2016, including both retrospective and prospective studies, mainly cross-sectional and hospital based. The results show a global heterogeneity in the antibiotics prescription for pediatric CAP, with application of guidelines varying from 0% to more than 91% and with important differences even within the same country.Conclusions. Our review has demonstrated that the implementation of the guidelines is still limited but also that achieving the optimal prescription is possible and can be done in both developed and developing countries.

scholarly journals Foreign aid, China’s aid and Africa’s Development: Interrogating the Dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evans Tetteh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
General Perspective

The distinctiveness of aid to economic growth and development of developing countries has stirred up discussions over the years. The conventional arguments have sought to evince both optimistic and pessimistic views about aid to development in Africa while at the same time studies are copiously emerging around Chinese aid to Africa’s development within the broader China-Africa engagements. This article interrogates the dynamics surrounding the subject to examine foreign aid, China’s aid practice toward Africa and the possible implications for Africa’s development. Probing into the general perspective in literature and other primary sources, the study submits that China’s active aid practice has heightened the uncertainties around foreign aid to Africa’s development. Notwithstanding the verity of China’s aid policies and principles being germane to Africa’s development, the practical implementation maintains certain attributes that provoke divided thoughts. Hence, the requisite platform of action should be bolstered to consider both the Chinese interests and the African needs for a well-balanced development in the acclaimed South-South cooperation partnership.

scholarly journals Assessing Vietnam’s Environmental Laws and Direction for Improvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Võ Trung Tín
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The World ◽  
Legal Document

AbstractEnvironmental protection has gotten much attention and been prioritized in policy making for economic – social development of countries around the world, including Vietnam. The policies have been gradually institutionalized into law. Environmental Protection Law comes into existence in Vietnam as in other developing countries, which could be affirmed as the latest legal field. Before Environmental Protection Law was issued as an independent legal document by the National Assembly, other environmental regulations in Vietnam covered some aspects of environmental protection to meet management need without targeting the protection of environmental factors. Environment or environment-related regulations have been found in many separate legal documents. In order to meet the growing demand for integration, Vietnam needs to continue to reform environmental regulations. The paper analyzes the Vietnamese environmental regulations and practical implementation, thereby giving some suggestions.

scholarly journals An Appraisal of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment in Ethiopia: The Case of Meta Abo Brewery

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Lemesa Hirpe ◽  
Seung Beom Seo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Social Impact Assessment ◽  
Administrative Framework

This study investigates the implementation and follow-up of the environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) in Meta Abo Brewery in Ethiopia. Specifically, it aims to assess the implementation mechanism and status of ESIA monitoring and evaluation, the adequacy of the legal and administrative framework for ESIA implementation and follow-up, and the perception of residents towards the ESIA implementation and follow-up by the proponent. A mixed research approach was employed to collect and analyze both qualitative and quantitative data. Thematic and descriptive data analysis was used to analyze data collected through key informant interviews (KII), focus group discussion (FGD), closed-ended questions, and document review. Data were obtained from 11 purposely selected interviewees and 6 FGD participants, as well as 175 randomly selected respondents. This study found the practical implementation mechanism of ESIA monitoring and evaluation as well as weak ESIA monitoring and evaluation status through the case study. The main causes of this weak ESIA system are weak implementation of ESIA monitoring and evaluation by the regulatory body and proponent, weak cooperation among regulatory body and proponent, weak institutional capacity, and weak managerial commitments. The study also indicated a lack of adequate legal and administrative frameworks and the absence of regular revision of relevant legislation. Additionally, the study identified that the proponent has some weaknesses in the ESIA implementation and follow-up. The findings regarding the legal and administrative framework can be developed to guide the formulation and amendment of the ESIA legal and administrative framework not only for Ethiopia, but other developing countries as well. Moreover, the findings of this study can be a groundwork for future studies to fill the gap by understanding the social-cultural barrier and finding appropriate strategies to enhance the ESIA system in developing countries.

scholarly journals Promoting the Open Science culture in university libraries of developing countries: case studies of the French-speaking universities of Belgium cooperation programs in the Global South

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Brodkom ◽  
Bernard Pochet
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Greater Antilles ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The South ◽  
Science Culture ◽  
French Speaking

Watch the VIDEO here. Presenter - Frédéric Brodkom.The ARES-CCD (formerly CUD) is the French-speaking universities and high-school of Belgium Commission for the Cooperation to Development. With an annual budget of 31 M€ fully dedicated to the academic development of actually 19 universities of North and Central Africa, South-East Asia, Western South America and Greater Antilles, this commission brings together volunteers of the academic, scientific and administrative staffs of our universities. Since 2000, librarians are strongly involved in this project with the aim to develop the partner’s libraries, to improve their infrastructures and operations, to facilitate their access to documentary resources and to strengthen their librarians' skills.Given the important documentary needs of students and researchers in the South and the lack of financial resources, the promotion of Open Science is more than an obvious. We will show that, in addition to our activities of purchasing books or materials, basic training or library renovation, we develop, in close partnership with our colleagues, the Open Science culture in six fields:(1) The installation and support of open-source ILS (mainly KOHA and PMB), including the learning of IT teams(2) The harvesting and promotion of OA resources via our Web Portal, including subscription to official resources of international organization(3) The development of policies to develop local institutional repositories for new and archived (printed) publications and thesis (DSpace support, purchase of scanner, etc)(4) The support to the development of university presses to reduce/abolish the excessive cost of printed course materials for students(5) Training and awareness-raising of library trainers for academic social networks, data exchange platforms, community-based researchers' sites, OA use, etc.(6) Promote the obligation to deposit in our university repositories the scientific papers financed by the ARES-CCD cooperation and co-signed by Belgian researchers and partners of developing countries (academic and doctorate students).Concrete case studies of our 17 years of experience in the South from Haiti to Vietnam will illustrate these actions. Perspectives on future projects will also be discussed, such as a week, jointly with all our partners, of exchange and work in Belgium in 2018 (as already done in 2016) on the topic of the practical implementation of Open Access in their universities.

scholarly journals Critical factors in implementing the ISSA Guidelines on return to work and re-integration in developing world contexts

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Olivier ◽  
Avinash Govindjee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Return To Work ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
High Income ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Design Elements

The International Social Security Association (ISSA) “Guidelines on Return-to-Work and Reintegration” (the Guidelines) chronicles good practice models, policies and procedures which have successfully been implemented by social security institutions in respect of return-to-work and reintegration. Models have specifically been developed by ISSA in order to identify approaches that will enable decision-makers in social security institutions to benefit from global experience in this area. In particular, the Guidelines are designed to: outline strategic options for social security institutions in order to achieve these outcomes; stimulate discussion around good practice return-to-work programmes for social security institutions; identify critical success design elements; and offer practical implementation tools.Return-to-work of occupationally injured and diseased workers, and the management of their disabilities, is an area clearly in need of reform in the developing world. The proposed contribution focuses on the recent experiences of two middle-to-high income developing countries, namely Malaysia and South Africa, who are at different stages of introducing and implementing detailed return-to-work measures. The paper considers salient aspects of the seven “Specific Return-to-work Principles and Guidelines” (the Specific Guidelines, contained in Part B of the Guidelines) and matches these against the approaches adopted / being adopted by Malaysia and South Africa respectively. This methodology is designed to provide a comparative, context-specific sample of the application of selected issues emerging from the Specific Guidelines in order to provide some pointers for purposes of extrapolating how return-to-work and reintegration might be introduced and implemented in other (middle-to-high income) countries in the developing world.The paper acknowledges the tremendous challenges faced by developing countries in introducing and implementing return-to-work and reintegration arrangements, but focuses instead on the application of Specific Guidelines such as “early intervention” and an “individualized approach” in Malaysia and South Africa. The paper draws on constitutional frameworks, draft and existing legislation, policy statements and judicial precedent in order to demonstrate the extent to which the two countries have already been able to integrate selected best practice principles, which are now contained in the Specific Guidelines, in their respective approaches. The paper accordingly holds the potential to demonstrate that the sentiments contained in the Guidelines are practically implementable and ought, therefore, to be carefully considered and analysed by other countries seeking to introduce similar return-to-work and rehabilitation initiatives.

scholarly journals Political connections: a meta-analyses approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Fajar Kristanto Gautama Putra ◽  
Iman Harymawan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Special Rights ◽  
Structured Literature Review

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to highlight the key findings of corporate political connections research. This study using 61 prior studies related to corporate political connections to develop a structured literature review. We found that most studies conducted in developing countries as its provide unique institutional setting for conduct political connections research. In addition, political connections is used as independent variables and prior studies focuses on three related topics which are corporate performance, corporate action, and loan and special rights. Meta-analyses study become more important nowadays as the number of empirical quantitative research amount has been increased lately. This analyses also has research and practical implementation for researcher, practitioners, and regulators.  ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyoroti temuan utama dari penelitian koneksi politik perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 61 studi sebelumnya yang berkaitan dengan koneksi politik perusahaan untuk menyusun tinjauan pustaka terstruktur. Kami menemukan bahwa sebagian besar studi dilakukan di negara berkembang karena menyediakan pengaturan kelembagaan yang unik untuk melakukan penelitian koneksi politik. Selain itu, koneksi politik digunakan sebagai variabel independen dan studi sebelumnya berfokus pada tiga topik terkait yaitu kinerja perusahaan, aksi korporasi, serta pinjaman dan hak khusus. Studi meta-analisis menjadi semakin penting saat ini karena jumlah penelitian kuantitatif empiris yang semakin meningkat akhir-akhir ini. Analisis ini juga memiliki penelitian dan implementasi praktis untuk penelusur ulang, praktisi, dan regulator.  ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to highlight the key findings of corporate political connections research. This study using 61 prior studies related to corporate political connections to develop a structured literature review. We found that most studies conducted in developing countries as its provide unique institutional setting for conduct political connections research. In addition, political connections is used as independent variables and prior studies focuses on three related topics which are corporate performance, corporate action, and loan and special rights. Meta-analyses study become more important nowadays as the number of empirical quantitative research amount has been increased lately. This analyses also has research and practical implementation for researcher, practitioners, and regulators.  ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyoroti temuan utama dari penelitian koneksi politik perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 61 studi sebelumnya yang berkaitan dengan koneksi politik perusahaan untuk menyusun tinjauan pustaka terstruktur. Kami menemukan bahwa sebagian besar studi dilakukan di negara berkembang karena menyediakan pengaturan kelembagaan yang unik untuk melakukan penelitian koneksi politik. Selain itu, koneksi politik digunakan sebagai variabel independen dan studi sebelumnya berfokus pada tiga topik terkait yaitu kinerja perusahaan, aksi korporasi, serta pinjaman dan hak khusus. Studi meta-analisis menjadi semakin penting saat ini karena jumlah penelitian kuantitatif empiris yang semakin meningkat akhir-akhir ini. Analisis ini juga memiliki penelitian dan implementasi praktis untuk penelusur ulang, praktisi, dan regulator.

Optimization of Russia’s international reserves structure: Theoretical approaches, practical implementation

2017 ◽  
pp. 64-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ivanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
International Reserves ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Unequal Exchange ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

The article analyzes the transformation of theoretical principles that underlie the formation of the international reserves structure over the past few centuries. It is concluded that these principles are based on the postulates of different schools of economic thought that perpetuate unequal exchange of goods in international trade, stimulate export of raw materials from developing countries and accumulation of international reserves, and also contribute to improving the level of consumption in developed countries. In addition, the article presents the results of studying the structure of Russia’s international reserves portfolio using the method of H. Markowitz. The implementation of this approach would make it possible to increase the income generated by the Russian reserves, and reduce the risk of fluctuations in their value.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency and Pollution Control Through ICTs for Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena G. Popkova ◽  
Agnessa O. Inshakova ◽  
Aleksei V. Bogoviz ◽  
Svetlana V. Lobova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Technical Readiness

The goal of this paper is to prove the necessity for a more thorough consideration and more active use of the modern ICTs for the technological support for the practical implementation of the SDGs’ ecological block in the aspect of the increase of energy efficiency and environmental pollution control. The originality of this paper is as follows: it develops a proprietary methodology of evaluating the technical readiness (level of the development of ICTs) for implementing the ecological block of the SDGs, which envisage the increase of energy efficiency and the growth of environmental pollution control. The highest (but moderate) technological readiness to implement the ecological block of the SDGs among developed countries has been shown by Canada (14.42 points) and Denmark (11.03 points), among developing countries—China (7.72 points). As a result, it has been proved that UCTs are a perspective tool of the practical implementation of the ecological block of the SDGs, stimulating the increase of energy efficiency and improving the environment pollution control. For developed countries, it is recommended to increase the use of Big data and AI analytics by 90.36% and increase the use of ICTs in E-government by 89.74%. This will allow achieving the growth of energy efficiency by 8.28% and the decrease of environmental pollution by 28.41%. In developing countries, it is recommended to increase world robots distribution by 14.17% and increase the use of ICTs in E-government by 76.74%. This will allow increasing the energy efficiency by 16.77% and decreasing the level of environmental pollution by 15.54%. This paper’s contribution to literature (innovative aspect of research) consists in filling the gap of the uncertainty (underdevelopment) of the tools for practical implementation of the SDGs ecological block. This paper has demonstrated the substantial potential of ICTs in the stimulation of the growth of energy efficiency and reduction of environmental pollution in developed and developing countries.

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