scholarly journals Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Are All Countries Treating Children in the Same Way? A Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Donà ◽  
Dora Luise ◽  
Liviana Da Dalt ◽  
Carlo Giaquinto
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Guidelines Implementation ◽  
Current State

Background. Pneumonia represents an important threat to children’s health in both developed and developing countries. In the last 10 years, many national and international guidelines on the treatment of pediatric CAP have been published, in order to optimize the prescription of antibiotics and limit their cost and side effects. However, the practical implementation of these guidelines is still limited.Main Text. We analyzed the current recommendations for the therapy of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) that all converge on the identification of aminopenicillins and beta-lactams as the optimal treatment for CAP. We also conducted a review of the current literature on antibiotic regimens used for pediatric CAP to identify the current state of guidelines implementation in different settings. We selected 37 studies published from 2010 to 2016, including both retrospective and prospective studies, mainly cross-sectional and hospital based. The results show a global heterogeneity in the antibiotics prescription for pediatric CAP, with application of guidelines varying from 0% to more than 91% and with important differences even within the same country.Conclusions. Our review has demonstrated that the implementation of the guidelines is still limited but also that achieving the optimal prescription is possible and can be done in both developed and developing countries.

scholarly journals Side Effects Experience on Behavior of Pregnant Women Consuming Iron Tablets

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Istiana Intan ◽  
Munayarokh Munayarokh ◽  
Siti Rofi'ah
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Anemia was a disease that attracts worldwide concern and was a very big problem, especially in developing countries. The factor that caused high iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women was the low compliance of pregnant women in consuming iron tablets. Side effects in the form of nausea were the reason pregnant women did not comply with Iron tablets. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the side effects experience and the behavior of pregnant women in consuming Iron tablets. This type of research was quantitative with analytic survey and using a cross sectional approach.Methods: This type of research was quantitative with analytic survey and using a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were pregnant women in the second and third trimesters in the working areaof the Puskesmas Tempuran, Magelang Regency based on the February-March 2019 cohort, totaling 177 pregnant women with a sample of 123 pregnant women, calculated using the Slovin formula. The samplingtechnique used Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. Data analysis used Kendall tau test.Results: The results showed that most of the pregnant women who consumed Iron tablets had side effectsexperience caused by the behavior of pregnant women in consuming Iron tablets, mostly in the low category.Conclusion: There was a relationship between the side effects experience and the behavior of pregnant women in consuming Iron tablets. It was recommended that pregnant women consume Iron tablets regularly in accordance with the recommendations of health workers so that they can prevent anemia.

scholarly journals Thyrotoxicosis and dilated cardiomyopathy in developing countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisrat Tesfay Abera ◽  
Merhawit Atsbha Abera ◽  
Gebretsadik Berhe ◽  
Girmatsion Fisseha Abreha ◽  
Hirut Teame Gebru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Thyroid Storm ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Toxic Goiter

Abstract Background Thyrotoxicosis is the state of thyroid hormone excess. But, in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), specifically Northern Ethiopia, scientific evidence about thyrotoxicosis and its cardiac complications like dilated cardiomyopathy is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the thyrotoxicosis presentation and management and identify factors associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in a tertiary hospital in Northern Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from 2017 to 2018. Data from 200 thyrotoxicosis cases were collected using a structured questionnaire. After describing variables, logistic regression was conducted to identify independent predictors of dilated cardiomyopathy. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05. Results Mean age at presentation of thyrotoxicosis was 45 years and females accounted for 89 % of the cases. The most frequent etiology was multinodular toxic goiter (51.5 %). As well, the most common symptoms and signs were palpitation and goiter respectively. Thyroid storm occurred in 6 % of the cases. Out of 89 patients subjected to echocardiography, 35 (39.3 %) of them had dilated cardiomyopathy. And, the odds of dilated cardiomyopathy were higher in patients who had atrial fibrillation (AOR = 15.95, 95 % CI:5.89–38.16, p = 0.001) and tachycardia (AOR = 2.73, 95 % CI:1.04–7.15, p = 0.040). All patients took propylthiouracil and 13.0 % of them experienced its side effects. Concerning β-blockers, propranolol was the most commonly (78.5 % of the cases) used drug followed by atenolol (15.0 %). Six patients underwent surgery. Conclusions In developing countries like Ethiopia, patients with thyrotoxicosis have no access to methimazole which is the first-line anti-thyroid drug. Besides, they greatly suffer from dilated cardiomyopathy (due to late presentation) and side effects of propylthiouracil. Therefore, we recommend that patients should get adequate health information about thyrotoxicosis and anti-thyroid drugs including their side effects. Additionally, hospitals and other concerned bodies should also avail of TSH tests and methimazole at an affordable cost. Furthermore, community awareness about iodized salt and iodine-rich foods should be enhanced.

scholarly journals Political connections: a meta-analyses approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Fajar Kristanto Gautama Putra ◽  
Iman Harymawan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Special Rights ◽  
Structured Literature Review

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to highlight the key findings of corporate political connections research. This study using 61 prior studies related to corporate political connections to develop a structured literature review. We found that most studies conducted in developing countries as its provide unique institutional setting for conduct political connections research. In addition, political connections is used as independent variables and prior studies focuses on three related topics which are corporate performance, corporate action, and loan and special rights. Meta-analyses study become more important nowadays as the number of empirical quantitative research amount has been increased lately. This analyses also has research and practical implementation for researcher, practitioners, and regulators.  ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyoroti temuan utama dari penelitian koneksi politik perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 61 studi sebelumnya yang berkaitan dengan koneksi politik perusahaan untuk menyusun tinjauan pustaka terstruktur. Kami menemukan bahwa sebagian besar studi dilakukan di negara berkembang karena menyediakan pengaturan kelembagaan yang unik untuk melakukan penelitian koneksi politik. Selain itu, koneksi politik digunakan sebagai variabel independen dan studi sebelumnya berfokus pada tiga topik terkait yaitu kinerja perusahaan, aksi korporasi, serta pinjaman dan hak khusus. Studi meta-analisis menjadi semakin penting saat ini karena jumlah penelitian kuantitatif empiris yang semakin meningkat akhir-akhir ini. Analisis ini juga memiliki penelitian dan implementasi praktis untuk penelusur ulang, praktisi, dan regulator.  ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to highlight the key findings of corporate political connections research. This study using 61 prior studies related to corporate political connections to develop a structured literature review. We found that most studies conducted in developing countries as its provide unique institutional setting for conduct political connections research. In addition, political connections is used as independent variables and prior studies focuses on three related topics which are corporate performance, corporate action, and loan and special rights. Meta-analyses study become more important nowadays as the number of empirical quantitative research amount has been increased lately. This analyses also has research and practical implementation for researcher, practitioners, and regulators.  ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyoroti temuan utama dari penelitian koneksi politik perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 61 studi sebelumnya yang berkaitan dengan koneksi politik perusahaan untuk menyusun tinjauan pustaka terstruktur. Kami menemukan bahwa sebagian besar studi dilakukan di negara berkembang karena menyediakan pengaturan kelembagaan yang unik untuk melakukan penelitian koneksi politik. Selain itu, koneksi politik digunakan sebagai variabel independen dan studi sebelumnya berfokus pada tiga topik terkait yaitu kinerja perusahaan, aksi korporasi, serta pinjaman dan hak khusus. Studi meta-analisis menjadi semakin penting saat ini karena jumlah penelitian kuantitatif empiris yang semakin meningkat akhir-akhir ini. Analisis ini juga memiliki penelitian dan implementasi praktis untuk penelusur ulang, praktisi, dan regulator.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG PENANGANAN KEJADIAN IKUTAN PASCA IMUNISASI (KIPI) PADA BAYI DI PUSKESMAS TEBAT AGUNG KABUPATEN MUARA ENIM

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhemy Zurizah Yuhemy Zurizah
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Program Error

ABSTRAK   WHO memperkirakan di negara-negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, Vietnam, Bangladesh memperkirakan terjadinya KIPI menjadi lima kelompok penyebab yaitu kesalahan program (27%), reaksi suntikan (28,7%), reaksi vaksin (21%) koinsiden (17,8%) dan efek samping toksilitas (5,5%). Pengetahuan ibu tentang KIPI adalah bagaimana cara mengatasinya apabila kejadian tersebut terjadi dirumah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang penanganan kejadian ikutan pasca imunisasi pada bayi Peneliti menggunakan metode analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil uji chi-square diperoleh p value (0,001) < α (0,05), hal ini menunjukkan bahwa  ada hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan dengan penanganan KIPI diharapkan lebih memprioritaskan program kesehatan dalam upaya bagaimana penanganan  terjadinya KIPI. Diharapkan bagi institusi pendidikan agar dapat meningkatkan penyediaan sumber-sumber referensi tentang penelitian terkait dan jurnal kesehatan lainnya serta buku-buku pedoman khususnya mengenai metodelogi penelitian, agar dapat menunjang secara lebih dalam pelaksanaan penelitian selanjutnya.   ABSTRACK   WHO estimates that in developing countries such as Indonesia, Vietnam, Bangladesh estimates the occurrence of KIPI into five groups of causes of program error (27%), injection reactions (28.7%), vaccine reactions (21%) coincidence (17.8%) and toxic side effects (5.5%). Mother's knowledge about KIPI is how to overcome if the incident happened at home. The purpose of this research is to know the correlation between mother's knowledge about the handling of post-immunization occurrence in baby. Researcher use analytical method with cross sectional approach. The result of this research showed that chi-square test obtained p value (0.001) <α (0,05), it shows that there is a significant correlation between knowledge and handling of KIPI expected to prioritize health program in the effort of handling KIPI. It is desirable for educational institutions to improve the provision of reference resources on related research and other health journals as well as specific guidebooks on research methodology, in order to better support the further implementation of the research.

Theoretical and Practical Principles on Nanoethics: A Narrative Review Article

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed BIROUDIAN ◽  
Mahmoud ABBASI ◽  
Mehrzad KIANI
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Ethical Considerations

Background: Interests in nanotechnology and its application in medical research, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases continuously grow. The study identified the theoretical and practical principles of ethics in developed countries’ nanomedical research to be used as the first step of development of a national nanoethics standard or guideline in Iran and developing countries. Methods: The present study was done between 2012-2016 in Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, which comprised a literature review and a comparative study to describe and compare the nanoethics situation and considerations of nanoethics in Australia, Canada, and USA. Results: The main ethical considerations in the three countries contain two major categories, including firstly, the nature of nanoparticles such as its diversity, rapid development of new and not well-defined nanoproducts and particles and unpredictable side effects of such nanoparticles; and secondly, the application of developed nanoparticles in areas such as justice, privacy protection, patient-physician relations, etc. Conclusion: It is controversial to develop an independent nanoethics standard or codes; however, national priorities and concerns, as well as specific nanoethics considerations, should be investigated before deciding to create such standards in each country. Overall, careful considerations have to take into account the justice, privacy protection, the inherent risks of nanomaterials and their possible side effects on patients and other study subjects, as well as considering characteristics of new developed nanoproducts and particles.

Side Effects of Chemotherapy and Cancer Treatment in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
. Hemraj ◽  
Raj Kumar ◽  
Sourabh Kosey ◽  
Amit Sharma ◽  
Nalini Negi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Informational Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Pharmacists ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Related Information ◽  
The Common ◽  
Chemotherapy Patients

To determine the most common physical side effects experienced by local chemotherapy patients. Their perceptions of these side effects and informational needs from clinical pharmacists were also evaluated. This was a single center, observational cross-sectional study conducted at department of General Surgery, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab. A face to face interview was conducted. Information collected included chemotherapy related side effects after last chemotherapy experience, the most worrisome side effects, overlooked by healthcare professionals and the preferred method, amount and source of receiving related information. In this study, hundred patients were enrolled out of them 48 were male and 52 were female. When differential calculations was done, common side effects or adverse effects of chemotherapy in the patients of breast, lung cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Colon cancer, Prostate cancer, Lymphoma Cancer, Cervix cancer where there is much irregular medicine intake 57.4% may be due to common problem of joint pain reported by all the patients under study, with the consecutive problem of nausea and vomiting. The high prevalence of chemotherapy related side effects among local patients is a major concern and findings of their perceptions and informational needs may serve as a valuable guide for clinical pharmacists and physicians to help in side effect management. This study shows the common problems reported by the patients when they are suffering from cancer condition, according to their incidence perceptions as experienced by the patient, this will allow the physician and clinical pharmacist to effectively counsel and manage the common symptoms as reported prior to its occurrence in the patient, so that withdrawal can be checked.

GREEN OPEN ACCESS IN KENYA: A REVIEW OF THE CONTENT, POLICIES AND USAGE OF INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORIES

Mousaion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-54
Author(s):  
Wanyenda Leonard Chilimo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institutional Repositories ◽  
Current State ◽  
Theses And Dissertations

 There is scant research-based evidence on the development and adoption of open access (OA) and institutional repositories (IRs) in Africa, and in Kenya in particular. This article reports on a study that attempted to fill that gap and provide feedback on the various OA projects and advocacy work currently underway in universities and research institutions in Kenya and in other developing countries. The article presents the findings of a descriptive study that set out to evaluate the current state of IRs in Kenya. Webometric approaches and interviews with IR managers were used to collect the data for the study. The findings showed that Kenya has made some progress in adopting OA with a total of 12 IRs currently listed in the Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR) and five mandatory self-archiving policies listed in the Registry of Open Access Repositories Mandatory Archiving Policies (ROARMAP). Most of the IRs are owned by universities where theses and dissertations constitute the majority of the content type followed by journal articles. The results on the usage and impact of materials deposited in Kenyan IRs indicated that the most viewed publications in the repositories also received citations in Google Scholar, thereby signifying their impact and importance. The results also showed that there was a considerable interest in Swahili language publications among users of the repositories in Kenya.

Demographic Factors Associated with Congenital Malformations Among Young Infants in Fallujah Maternity and Children Hospital, Fallujah City, Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Samira T.Abdulghani ◽  
Samira T.Abdulghani
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
History Of

Background: Congenital anomalies are a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality in developing countries including our country. Registries and data on these anomalies are still primitive and poorly collated. In this study we aimed to assess the important demographic factors associated with the development of congenital anomalies. Methods: This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study involving 880 infants in the 1st year of life registered in the birth defect unit in Fallujah Maternity and Children Hospital in the period between 1st of January 2017 to the 31st of December 2019. The prevalence rate, the pattern of anomalies and the factors associated with their occurrence were determined. Results: The prevalence rate of the group enrolled in this study was 31/1000 total births, congenital heart defects was the commonest followed by central nervous system anomalies, 58% of the infants were males, 65% had ≥ 2.5 kg birth weight & 95% were singletons. Family history of congenital anomalies was found in 31.25% of cases. The largest group of mothers (55.7%) were 21-30 years old & 92.5% of fathers were less than 45 years old. Parental consanguinity reported in 64.3% of the total cases. Only 4.5% of mothers reported history of fever during pregnancy, and none of them had history of exposure to x-ray or teratogenic drug use. Gestational hypertension was reported in 10% of the total (880) mothers, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in 0.3%, while hepatitis C, hepatitis B, toxoplasmosis and epilepsy, each was reported in only one mother (0.1% of the total). Regarding the outcome of pregnancy, 66.6% were live births, 24.2% were abortions and 9.2% were stillbirths. History of previous abortions was reported in 22% of cases. Urban residents accounted for 63% of the families of congenitally abnormal infants while 37% were rural. Conclusion: Congenital anomalies are still a major cause for concern and tension in Fallujah society, there is serious need to establish a surveillance and good statistical system for congenital anomalies and efforts should be made to raise awareness of their occurrence and the associated risk factors in Iraq and other developing countries.

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