scholarly journals Physical Properties of Agbabu and Yegbata Bitumen in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-241
Author(s):  
Shadrach Olise Ogiriki ◽  
Jennifer Oyindamola Adepoju ◽  
Adeyinka Sikiru Yusuff ◽  
Victor Anochie
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
American Society

This experimental work evaluates the physical properties of Abagbu and Yegbata bitumen from Nigeria with comparison with that of Canada being the world largest producer of crude oil from bitumen. This study employed the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods in conducting laboratory experiments in order to determine the viscosity, specific gravity, API gravity, pour point and flash point. A Gas Chromatograph (GC) was used to determine the hydrocarbon content of the bitumen samples. Test results show that the bitumen samples have specific gravity of 1.01 with a 0.9962 OAPI for Yegbata, while the Agbabu bitumen sample had 8.599 specific gravity and 10.54 OAPI. Kinematic viscosity ranges of 1.0×102 – 3.3×104 and 1.6×103 – 5.6×104, flash point of 288oC and 282oC and pour point of 44oC and 47oC. The gas chromatography analysis showed that the samples contained 46.35% and 7.59% saturates, 21.63% and 64.39% aromatics and 32.03% and 28.01% resins for Agbabu and Yegbata respectively. In comparison with Athabasca bitumen, the results were similar. The assessment and comparison of these properties with the properties of bitumen from Athabasca in Canada reveals that any surface or subsurface crude bitumen gotten from Agbabu and Yegbata in Ondo State, Nigeria can be exploited using similar technologies, if not the same as the technologies being used in Athabasca, Canada

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Abu Arang Tempurung Kelapa Pada Tanah Lempung Terhadap Hasil Uji Kompaksi

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-285
Author(s):  
Brigita Suzanna ◽  
Irwan Lie Keng Wong ◽  
Monika Datu Mirring Palinggi
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Coconut Shell Ash ◽  
American Society ◽  
Index Value

The purpose of this research is to determine the physical properties of clay soil and to analyze the effect of adding coconut shell charcoal ash to the clay soil. The soil samples used in this study came from Tanralili District, Maros Regency, two sample points were taken and the variations in the levels of addition of coconut shell charcoal ash is 0%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%. The test method used refers to ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials). The tests carried out were testing the physical properties of the soil in the form of moisture content, specific gravity, Atterberg boundaries, filter analysis, and hydrometer analysis, then a compaction test was carried out to determine the maximum soil density. The results of the test obtained a moisture content value of 28.811%, a specific gravity of 2.58 g / cm3 so that it is classified as organic clay. As well as the plasticity index value of 9.926% with moderate plasticity from the 7% -17% interval. Then from the test results of soil compaction testing with the addition of coconut shell ash, the dry density (gdry) equal to 0.862, 0.886, 0.914, 0.943, 0.962, this means that the soil sample experienced an increase in dry density (gdry) of 11.60%. From the research results it can be concluded that the addition of coconut shell charcoal ash can increase the value of soil dry density so that it can be used to increase the value of the carrying capacity of clay soil.

scholarly journals Degradative Effect of I.R Radiations on the Constituents of Bitumen

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Oladokun Benjamen Niran ◽  
Olabemiwo Mathew ◽  
Ajala Christianah Oluwamayowa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Polar Fraction ◽  
Natural Bitumen ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Ondo State

Sample of natural bitumen were taken from bitumen well in Agbabu town in Odigbo Local Government of Ondo State. These samples were separately irradiated with infrared radiations for a period of seven hours. Part of the sample was withdrawn at interval of One, Three and Seven hours. The withdrawn sample was later separated into maltene and asphaltene fractions. The maltene fraction was further separated into saturated, aromatic and polar fraction. The saturated and aromatic fractions were subjected to gas chromatography analysis. The Saturated and aromatic profiles of the bitumen were found to vary with the period of irradiation. The Chemical composition of both the saturated and aromatic compounds in the bitumen decreased with the period of irradiation. Thus, decrease in the chemical composition of bitumen as a result of irradiation cause aging of bitumen. Therefore, I.R radiations were found to have a degradative effect on the composition of bitumen.

scholarly journals Rehabilitating of used Generator Oil by Acid /Bentonite Treatment and Studying of its Performance Evalution

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-193
Author(s):  
Muna Mahmood Khudhair ◽  
Kafaa Fadhil Abas ◽  
Taghreed Mahdi Hameed ◽  
Awali Assad ◽  
Wasan Nifal
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Total Acid Number

Used generator lubricant oils are considered hazardous wastes because of their high content of pollutants (thermal degradation products from the base oil and combustion products from fuel and lubricant and external pollutants). Thus, this research aimed to refining the waste oils for economic and environmental purpose.    In this study, it was applied acid / bentonite treatment which include treatment with commercial sulphuric acid followed by adsorption on Iraqi bentonite and study the effect of treated used genarator oil and regards to enhancing their performance in service. The quality checked by evaluation of some important properties i.e. specific gravity, viscosity, flash point, pour point, ash content, and total acid number. The results of treated used oil showed that, specific gravity decreased from 0.898 to 0.894, viscosity increased from 95 cst  to 136 cst. ,flash point  increased from 179 oC to 200 oC, pour point increased from -13 oC to -16 oC, ash content decreased from 1.174 %to, 1.0775%  and total acid number decreased from 2.983mg KOH/g to1.0775mg KOH/g.    The results of evaluation of performance of fresh and treated generator oil studied by comparison of some properties such as specific gravity, viscosity, flash point pour point, ash content,  and total acid number to the oils in use.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF MELALUI PROSES TRANSESTERIFIKASI LANGSUNG

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Yuli Ristianingsih ◽  
Nurul Hidayah ◽  
Fradita Wanda Sari
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Crude Palm Oil

iodiesel merupakan bahan bakar alternatif yang diproduksi dari senyawa kimia bernama alkil ester yang bisa diperoleh dari minyak nabati, di mana pada penelitian ini digunakan Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Biodiesel juga diperuntukkan sebagai bahan bakar pengganti solar dengan kadar emisi gas buang lebih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh rasio mol umpan CPO:metanol (1:3 ; 1:4 ; 1:5 ; 1:6) dan berat katalis (0,25% ; 0,5% ; 1%) terhadap yield biodiesel dan karakteristik biodiesel dengan bahan baku CPO. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan proses transesterifikasi langsung untuk mengkonversi trigliserida menjadi metil ester (biodiesel). Transesterifikasi dilakukan selama 1 jam pada suhu 65oC dengan menggunakan katalis NaOH. Hasil transesterifikasi dipisahkan antara biodiesel dan produk samping gliserol. Biodiesel kemudian dianalisa nilai flash point, pour point, specific gravity dan viskositas kinematik serta dilakukan analisa GC-MS untuk mengetahui komposisi dan kandungan metil esternya. Biodiesel dengan yield terbanyak diperoleh pada rasio umpan 1:3 dan berat katalis 1% dengan nilai yield sebesar 65,38%. Biodiesel dengan yield terbanyak ini mempunyai nilai flash point sebesar 81,5oC, pour point sebesar 15oC specific gravity sebesar 0,8719 dan viskositas kinematik sebesar 4,459 mm2/s. Berdasarkan analisa GC-MS, diketahui kandungan metil ester dalam biodiesel sebesar 54,75%. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa semakin besar rasio mol CPO:metanol maka semakin besar pula yield biodiesel, serta semakin besar berat katalis maka semakin besar pula yield biodiesel. Nilai pour point, specific gravity dan viskositas kinematik sudah sesuai dengan SNI, sedangkan nilai flash point masih belum memenuhi SNI. Pembuatan biodiesel dari CPO melalui proses transesterifikasi langsung dapat menghasilkan senyawa metil ester.

Investigation of Gamma Ray Shielding and Compressive Strength of Concrete Containing Barite and Ferrophosphorous

2018 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 618-623
Author(s):  
Phongthorn Julphunthong ◽  
Panuwat Joyklad
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Specific Gravity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Gravity Test

This work emphasizes on the improvement of the gamma shielding ability of concrete using heavyweight materials of barite and ferrophosphorous. The physical properties and chemical composition of the selected aggregate materials were also studied. The specific gravity test results suggested barite and ferrophosphorous show excellent characteristics for improving shielding ability due to their high specific gravity of 4.21 and 5.35, respectively. The samples which applied barite and ferrophosphorous as aggregates, show high densities of 3,233 kg/m3 and 4,288 kg/m3, respectively. The sample applied ferrophosphorus material as an aggregate, had the highest linear attenuation coefficients with the highest density. The computed linear attenuation coefficients indicated higher values when compared with measured values due to low homogeneity of samples.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Recycling of Used Engine Oil Using Extraction by Composite Solvent, Single Solvent, and Acid Treatment Methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Abro ◽  
Xiaochun Chen ◽  
Khanji Harijan ◽  
Zulifqar A. Dhakan ◽  
Muhammad Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Engine Oils

Engine oils are made from crude oil and its derivatives by mixing of certain other chemicals (additives) for improving their certain properties. Lubricating oil is used to lubricate moving parts of engine, reducing friction, protecting against wear, and removing contaminants from the engine, act as a cleaning agent, and act as an anticorrosion and cooling agent. This research effort focuses on comparative study of re-refined engine oils by extraction of composite solvent, single solvent, and acid treatment methods. Composite solvent was made up of butanol-propane and butanone; propane was used as single solvent. Different properties of refined oil and waste oil were analyzed, such as cloud and pour point, flash point, specific gravity, ash content, viscosity, moisture ratio and acid value. On the basis of experimental work, it was found that the iron contamination decreased from 50 ppm to 13 ppm for composite solvent; for propane solvent it decreased up to 30 ppm and 15 ppm for acid treatment. Results from the flash point, pour point, viscosity, specific gravity, and ash percentage were improved at different degrees, but the best results were seen by using the composite solvent with having drawback of expensiveness.

KARAKTERISASI SIFAT FISIKA DAN KIMIA CUKA KAYU DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizka Karima
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
And Chemical Properties

There’s so many pal solid waste or palm empty fruit bunches, but the utilization is not maximized, this research its to optimized utilization of palm solid waste to be wood vinegar and want to know the composition physical properties and chemical properties of wood vinegar from palm empty fruit bunches. Total yield of wood vinegar from palm empty fruit bunches its 15,94 % and total yield of charcoal its 64,58 %. GCMS result showing chemical properties from wood vinegar of burning < 100oC its obtained 19 compound and burning >100 oC its obtained 6 compound. The result physichal properties testing from crued wood vinegar its obtained specific gravity 1,0005 and 1,0010, pH value are 3,233 and 3,186, TAT content are 9,36 % and 11,12 %, phenol content its 0,44 %. The result physical properties testing from wood vinegar which has decolorizatin by activated carbon its obtained specific gravity are 0,9987 and 0,999, pH value are 3,036 and 3,012, TAT content are 8,29 % and 9,27 % and phenol content its 0,01 %.Keywords: palm bunches, wood vinegar, liquid smoke

Diversity of Root Bacteria from Peanut Cropping Systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Gooden ◽  
H. D. Skipper ◽  
J. H. Kim ◽  
K. Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Gas Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Peanut Production

Abstract Rhizobacteria play an important role in sustainable agriculture via plant growth and biological control of pests in a number of ecosystems. Understanding the interactions of crop rotation and rhizobacteria on peanut production is a critical research need. Development of a database on the rhizobacteria obtained from continuous and rotational fields of peanut was initiated in 1997 and terminated in 2000. Peanut was planted in monoculture for 4 yr. In rotational plots, peanut, cotton, corn, and peanut were planted in sequence. Rhizobacteria were isolated from the roots of crop plants grown in a Norfolk soil near Florence, SC. These isolates were identified by composition of fatty acids from gas chromatography analysis (GC/FAME). Arthrobacter and Bacillus were the major genera from non-rhizosphere soils. At initiation of this study in July 1997, the plots selected for continuous peanut had more diversity in rhizobacteria than those plots selected for rotation. In July 2000, rhizobacteria diversity was greater from peanut roots in the rotation cropping system than continuous peanut. Even though rhizobacteria diversity was greater in the rotation system, higher peanut yields were recorded in the continuous peanut system in 2000. Burkholderia spp. were always isolated from the peanut and other crop rhizospheres at each sampling date.

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