Kajian pemalsuan bekatul dan tepung ikan di Wilayah Jawa Tengah

<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong>The research aimed examine the quality adulteration of bran and fish meal in the Central Java region.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>The materials used are rice bran and fish meal originating from 17 regions in Central Java which include Rembang, Jepara, Batang, Solo, Boyolali, Pekalongan, Kendal, Temanggung, Magelang, Ungaran, Pati, Purwodadi, Demak, Salatiga, Kudus, Klaten and Semarang. The research method uses descriptive method. Sampling was carried out by purposive random sample to represent the area of the area used as the research site (10 shops in 1 region with different districts and / or villages). Measurement of the parameters of adulteration on bran used Phloroglucinol test, buoyancy test and specific gravity test, while fish meal used urea test.<strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the bran which was tested for Phloroglucinol and positive buoyancy was faked by adding husks, and was found in the Pati and Demak areas. Density test describes rice bran with non-standard density in Purwodadi, Kendal, Temanggung, Demak and Semarang. Fish meal adulteration occurred in the Boyolali and Pati regions with positive urea content.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The conclusion of this research is that good quality of rice bran based on phloroglucinol test, husk floating test and bulk density test were found in Rembang, Jepara, Solo, Boyolali, Magelang, Ungaran, Salatiga and Kudus areas, the quality of fish meal indicated for adulteration based on the urea test was Pekalongan and Purwodadi areas.</p>

IDENTIFIKASI GLIKOSIDA DAN EVALUASI FISIK FORMULA PEMANIS RENDAH KALORI TANAMAN STEVIA (Stevia rebaudiana Bentoni) PADA MINUMAN FUNGSIONAL BIR PLETOK

Instant drinks, which are often consumed by the public, are mostly sweetened drinks that contain high calories and artificialsweeteners and can cause various diseases, such as obesity, cancer, diabetes and others. This can be controlled and prevented by consuminglow-calorie sweeteners. Stevia is a plant that has a sweetness of 300 times that of sucrose, so it can be used as a low-calorie sweetener, suchas in the functional drink Pletok beer. This study aims to identify glycosides and to evaluate the physical evaluation of the low-caloriesweetener formula for Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana B.) in the functional beverage of Bir Pletok. Physical evaluation and hedonism test werecarried out on 20 panelists and 1 expert panelist, then analyzed descriptively. In this study, several tests of instant preparations were carriedout, namely organoleptic test, pH test, specific gravity test, movable volume test and hedonism test on 20 panelists and 1 expert panelist. Theresults of the research that have been done show that the leaves of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana B.) contain diterpenoid glycosides and based onall test preparations the best formula of the three formulas is Formula II. Keywords: Sweeteners, Stevia, Functional Drinks, Bir Pletok, Glycosides.

PERBANDINGAN KADAR LEMAK DAN BERAT JENIS SUSU SAPI PERAH Friesian Holstein (FH) DI BENDUL MERISI, SURABAYA (Dataran Rendah) dan NONGKOJAJAR, PASURUAN (Dataran Tinggi)

This study aims to compare the quality of Friesian Holstein (FH) dairy cows in Bendul Merisi, Surabaya (Lowlands) and Nongkojajar, Pasuruan (Highlands), with the physical quality standard of fresh milk which is the national reference or SNI. This study used 60 samples of cow's milk, 30 samples from Bendul Merisi, and 30 samples from Nongkojajar. The sample was tested in the laboratory using the fat content and specific gravity test, the data obtained were calculated using the T-test formula. The data obtained from the average fat content test in Nongkojajar was 3.3685%, and the average fat content in Bendul Meisi was 4.8003%. The average density at Nongkojajar is 1.024767 mg / dl, the average density at Bendul Merisi is 1.28067 mg / dl. Based on the results of statistical calculations resulted in a significant difference (P <0.01) in the fat content test, statistical calculations resulted in a significant difference (P <0.01) in the specific gravity test.

Formulasi Granul Effervescent Ekstrak Pandan Laut (Pandanus tectorius Parkinson ex Du Roi) Sebagai Analgetik

Sea pandanus plants are plants that are spread along the coast in Indonesia. Pandan sea fruit itself has never been used by the community, so it becomes waste on the beach. The purpose of this study was to make a formulation of effervescent granules from ethanolic extracts of sea pandanus (Pandanus tectorius) which has analgesic activity. The effervescent granule formula consists of ethanol extracts of sea pandanus, sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, tartaric acid, mannitol, lactose, PVP, aerosils and orange dyes. The difference of the three formulas are the ratio of the concentration of sodium bicarbonate which is 25%, 30% and 35%, respectively. The results show that the best formula is formula I, which fulfills the organoleptic test requirements, water content, rest angle, real specific gravity test, incompressible density test, compressibility, disperse time and pH. The analgesic activity test results using siegmund method known analgesic activity of formula I as the best formula with a dose of 125 mg / kg BW and aspirin as a comparison with a dose of 65 mg / kg body weight gives an anlgetic effect with protective power is 83.68%.

Manufacture and Commerce

This chapter assesses Article XX of the Oklahoma constitution. This article concerns manufacture and commerce. Section 1 states that “nothing herein shall prevent the manufacture or sale of denaturized alcohol under such regulations as may be prescribed by law.” “Denaturized alcohol” is alcohol that has been made unfit for drinking without impairing its usefulness for other purposes. Section 2 provides that “until changed by the Legislature, the flash test provided for under the laws of Oklahoma Territory for all kerosene oil for illuminating purposes shall be 115 degrees Fahrenheit; and the specific gravity test for all such oil shall be 40 degrees Baume.”

P1837THE HISTORY OF THE URINES SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST FROM THE 15TH CENTURY UNITL TODAY

Background and Aims To present the history of the specific gravity test in the study of urines from the 15th cent. AD until today. Method The first description of a hydrometer, the progenitor of the urinometer, appears in the fifteenth letter from Synesius of Cyrene to the Greek scholar Hypatia of Alexandria, from the 5th century AD. However, its evolution to the urinometer took 15 centuries until 1849, when Johann Florian Heller (1813-1871) introduced it. During the next two centuries, we note a rapid improvement of the appropriate laboratory instruments and a wide acceptance of the importance of specific gravity for the evaluation of urine. We present passages from relevant texts from the discussed period. Results The first call for attention to measuring urine weight comes from Nicolas of Cusa’s work The Layman: Experiments with Weights, where we read “Accordingly, since the weight of blood or the weight of urine is different for a healthy man and for a sick man or for a youthful man and an elderly man or for a German and an African, wouldn’t it be especially useful to a physician to have all these differences recorded? Orator: Most certainly”. The theoretical proposal was solidified in Francis Bacon’s Novurn Organum (1620): “Neither the naked hand nor the understanding left to itself can effect much. It is by instruments and helps that the work is done”. Herman Boerhaave, in 1753, weighed the distilled urine residue in order to calculate its density, a complicated and time-consuming procedure. Later, Groenevelt J. in The Rudiments of Physick writes “The particles in it sink or float according to their own gravity [specific!], but their position is also dependent on the thickness of the urine [albumin in it plus formed particles].” Osborne, in 1820, made a genius comparison “When a mucous cloud is present [in the urine] it ascends and descends in the fluid according to specific gravity, thus serving the purpose of a hydrometer”. Becquerel, in 1842, laid out tables calculating the solid articles in urines of given specific gravity. Graves, in 1866, reported intermittent albuminuria with a parallel variation of the specific gravity of urine in infectious disease. The same year, an article in the London Medical Gazette: Or, Journal of Practical Medicine, and another one in The New York Lancet stress the variation of specific gravity in the course of a renal disease. Clover R.M. in the Case of sialorrhoea (1846) states that specific gravity may vary greatly even with the same amount of solids and fluid due to fluid heterogeneity. In 1848, Garrod describes a bottle for measuring urine specific gravity. Johann Florian Heller introduced the mercury-based floating urinometer in 1849 thus greatly facilitating the test of urine specific gravity. The increasing demand for the test’s application resulted in the discovery of refined laboratory instruments, such as the refractometer. Very recently, urine specific gravity is considered an accurate renal function marker, equal to creatinine clearance or proteinuria levels (Constantiner M. et al, Am J Kidney Dis., 2005 May;45(5):833-41. and Anestis SF et al, Am J Primatol., 2009 Feb;71(2):130-5). Conclusion It seems that the understanding of urine specific gravity underwent “mechanisation”, from its inception as the use of the sediment’s location in the vial to access it, during the Middle Ages to complex apparatuses like refractometers. Originating in the Classical and Middle Ages mainly from the East, it obtained its sound scientific background in the West from the Renaissance onwards. After debate on its usefulness, it is again a vital tool for assessing renal damage.

Karakteristik Fisika Sediaan Suspensi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gaharu (Aquilaria microcarpa Baill.) dengan Variasi Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium (CMC-Na)

ABSTRAK Gaharu (Aquilaria microcarpa Baill.) merupakan salah satu hasil hutan yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Ekstrak etanol daun A. microcarpa terbukti memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tergolong sangat aktif. Ekstrak etanol daun A. microcarpa kemudian dibuat menjadi sediaan suspensi dengan variasi CMC-Na sebagai agen pengsuspensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh konsentrasi CMC-Na terhadap karakteristik fisik suspensi ekstrak etanol daun A.microcarpa. Suspensi dibuat dengan variasi CMC-Na pada F1 (0,5% CMC-Na), F2 (1% CMC-Na) dan F3 (1,5% CMC-Na). Evaluasi sediaan suspensi meliputi organoleptis, uji viskositas, uji pH, uji homogenitas serta uji berat jenis suspensi. Nilai evaluasi suspensi dianalisis secara statistik dengan software SPSS 21. Hasil evaluasi fisik menunjukkan bahwa penambahan konsentrasi CMC-Na akan meningkatkan nilai viskositas dan berat jenis sediaan. Kesimpulan dari pengujian ini adalah variasi konsentrasi CMC-Na mempengaruhi hasil viskositas, serta berat jenis suspensi (p<0,05) dan tidak mempengaruhi hasil organoleptis, homogenitas dan pH suspensi. Kata kunci: Gaharu, suspensi, CMC-Na ABSTRACT Gaharu (Aquilaria microcarpa Baill.) is one of the Borneo’s forest products that has antioxidant activity. Ethanol extract of A. microcarpa folium has been shown to have antioxidant activity that is classified as very active. The ethanol extract of A. microcarpa folium was then made into a suspension preparation with variations of sodium CMC as a suspending agent. This study aimed to determine the effect of sodium CMC concentration on the physical characteristics of the ethanol extract of A.microcarpa folium. Suspension was made with variations of sodium CMC in F1 (0.5% sodium CMC), F2 (1% sodium CMC) and F3 (1.5% sodium CMC). Evaluation of suspension preparations included organoleptic, viscosity test, pH test, homogeneity test and suspension specific gravity test. The suspension evaluation data were analyzed statistically with SPSS 21 Software. The physical evaluation results showed that the addition of sodium CMC concentration would increase the viscosity and specific gravity of the preparation. The conclusion of this test was that variations in the concentration of sodium CMC affected the results of viscosity and suspension specific gravity (p <0.05) and did not affect the organoleptic yield, homogeneity and pH of the suspension. Keywords: Gaharu, suspension,