scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Recycling of Used Engine Oil Using Extraction by Composite Solvent, Single Solvent, and Acid Treatment Methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Abro ◽  
Xiaochun Chen ◽  
Khanji Harijan ◽  
Zulifqar A. Dhakan ◽  
Muhammad Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Engine Oils

Engine oils are made from crude oil and its derivatives by mixing of certain other chemicals (additives) for improving their certain properties. Lubricating oil is used to lubricate moving parts of engine, reducing friction, protecting against wear, and removing contaminants from the engine, act as a cleaning agent, and act as an anticorrosion and cooling agent. This research effort focuses on comparative study of re-refined engine oils by extraction of composite solvent, single solvent, and acid treatment methods. Composite solvent was made up of butanol-propane and butanone; propane was used as single solvent. Different properties of refined oil and waste oil were analyzed, such as cloud and pour point, flash point, specific gravity, ash content, viscosity, moisture ratio and acid value. On the basis of experimental work, it was found that the iron contamination decreased from 50 ppm to 13 ppm for composite solvent; for propane solvent it decreased up to 30 ppm and 15 ppm for acid treatment. Results from the flash point, pour point, viscosity, specific gravity, and ash percentage were improved at different degrees, but the best results were seen by using the composite solvent with having drawback of expensiveness.

scholarly journals Rheological and Thermal Properties of Lubricating Oil Enhanced by the Effect of CuO and TiO2 Nano-Additives

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid A. Sukkar ◽  
Abullhassan A. Karamalluh ◽  
Thulfiqar N. Jaber
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Titanium Oxides ◽  
Spherical Nanoparticles ◽  
Nano Additives

The specifications of lubricating oil are fundamentally the final product of materials that have been added for producing the desired properties. In this research, spherical nanoparticles copper oxide (CuO) and titanium oxides (TiO2) are added to SAE 15W40 engine oil to study the thermal conductivity, stability, viscosity of nano-lubricants, which are prepared at different concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1% by weight, and also their pour point, and flash point as five quality parameters. The obtained results show that CuO nanoparticles in all cases, give the best functionality and effect on engine oil with respect to TiO2. With 0.1 wt. % concentration, the thermal conductivity of CuO/oil and TiO2/oil increased by 7.27% and 4.54%, respectively. In the same time, the flash point of them increased by 12.62% and 9.3%, respectively in comparison with parent oil.

Comparative study of the physical and chemical properties of the crude oil mixture of the El-Wafa field in practically and through the use of an advanced program [Aspen HYSYS]

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazim Mohammed Al-Jewaree
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Aspen Hysys

 The accuracy in measuring the physical properties of any crude oil has become a very difficult task because the price of crude oil in the global market depends on it in addition to the process of producing lubricating oil , chemical products and refinery. Accordingly, this research effort focuses on comparative study of Libyan crude oil (El-Wafa field)  by measuring the physical and some chemical  properties  experimentally and by Aspen HYSYS V8.4 programs. Also, test the possibility to know the volume percentage of the production of lubricants from this crude oil by the two methods mentioned above.Test carried out on these measurements practically and theoretically the physical properties are include: normal boiling point, pour point, Specific gravity (Sp. gr.), standard density (API), dynamic viscosity , kinematics viscosity , molecular weight, Acentric factor and Watson factor (K or Kw ). Some chemical properties have also been experimentally measured, for example the sulphur content ( wt.%), Asphaltenes content( wt.%)  , water and sediment content (vol.%), Conradson carbon residue ( wt.%) , salt content (as NaCl, mg\L),  ash content(wt. %) and metals content ( wt.%).The results from the tests showed that, there is a very small convergence between the results of calculations of physical properties by use this modern software with experimental measurements in the lab to the crude oil of El-Wafal field up to 99% and this blend is not suitable for production the lubricated oil at atmospheric distillation column. Also, the results observed that’s the useful mole percentage of lubricated oil cutoff has volume percentage range not significant from 1 to 1.8% for this type of Libyan crude oil. Through practical and theoretical results possible to classify this type of crude oil as Brent mix according to the global market for the sale of crude oil, which is characterized by its lack of sulfur element and metals in addition to its standard relative density API is very high more than 55.  

scholarly journals Rehabilitating of used Generator Oil by Acid /Bentonite Treatment and Studying of its Performance Evalution

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-193
Author(s):  
Muna Mahmood Khudhair ◽  
Kafaa Fadhil Abas ◽  
Taghreed Mahdi Hameed ◽  
Awali Assad ◽  
Wasan Nifal
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Total Acid Number

Used generator lubricant oils are considered hazardous wastes because of their high content of pollutants (thermal degradation products from the base oil and combustion products from fuel and lubricant and external pollutants). Thus, this research aimed to refining the waste oils for economic and environmental purpose.    In this study, it was applied acid / bentonite treatment which include treatment with commercial sulphuric acid followed by adsorption on Iraqi bentonite and study the effect of treated used genarator oil and regards to enhancing their performance in service. The quality checked by evaluation of some important properties i.e. specific gravity, viscosity, flash point, pour point, ash content, and total acid number. The results of treated used oil showed that, specific gravity decreased from 0.898 to 0.894, viscosity increased from 95 cst  to 136 cst. ,flash point  increased from 179 oC to 200 oC, pour point increased from -13 oC to -16 oC, ash content decreased from 1.174 %to, 1.0775%  and total acid number decreased from 2.983mg KOH/g to1.0775mg KOH/g.    The results of evaluation of performance of fresh and treated generator oil studied by comparison of some properties such as specific gravity, viscosity, flash point pour point, ash content,  and total acid number to the oils in use.

The importance of 2 per cent PTFE/FeF3 additives in engine fully formulated oil for reducing friction and wear under boundary lubrication condition

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabi N Nehme ◽  
Saeed Ghalambor
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Lubrication Condition ◽  
Minimum Wear

Purpose – This paper aims to focus on the topics of phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) in engine oil. Very reproducible boundary lubrication tests were conducted as part of Design of Experiments software to study the behavior of fluorinated catalyst iron fluoride (FeF3) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the development of environment-friendly (reduced P and S) anti-wear additives for future engine oil formulations. Multi-component fully formulated oils were used with and without the addition of PTFE and fluorinated catalyst to characterize and analyze their performance. Design/methodology/approach – A boundary lubrication protocol was used in the DOE tests to study their tribological behavior. Lubricant additives like PTFE and FeF3 catalyst were used at different concentrations to investigate the wear resistance and the time for a full breakdown under extreme loading conditions. Experiments indicated that new sub-micron FeF3 catalyst plays an important role in preventing the breakdown of the tribofilm. Findings – This paper explores the effect of PTFE and FeF3 catalyst on the performance of fully formulated engine oils. The purpose was to develop equations for minimum wear volume and maximum time for full breakdown. Emphasis was, therefore, given to conditions where the additives were working effectively for minimizing zinc dialkyl dithio phosphate (P per cent). Lubricating oils are normally multi-component additivated systems. They contain different additives such as viscosity improvers, detergents, dispersants and antioxidants. It is known that these additives interact at the surface, affecting the function of the lubricating oil. Therefore, it is important to note that the performance with PTFE and FeF3 catalyst was significantly improved when compared to fully formulated commercial oils used alone. Originality/value – Lubricating oils are normally multi-component additivated systems. They contain different additives such as viscosity improvers, detergents, dispersants and antioxidants. It is known that these additives interact at the surface, affecting the function of the lubricating oil. Therefore, it is important to note that the performance with PTFE and FeF3 catalyst was significantly improved when compared to fully formulated commercial oils used alone.

scholarly journals Physical Properties of Agbabu and Yegbata Bitumen in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-241
Author(s):  
Shadrach Olise Ogiriki ◽  
Jennifer Oyindamola Adepoju ◽  
Adeyinka Sikiru Yusuff ◽  
Victor Anochie
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
American Society

This experimental work evaluates the physical properties of Abagbu and Yegbata bitumen from Nigeria with comparison with that of Canada being the world largest producer of crude oil from bitumen. This study employed the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods in conducting laboratory experiments in order to determine the viscosity, specific gravity, API gravity, pour point and flash point. A Gas Chromatograph (GC) was used to determine the hydrocarbon content of the bitumen samples. Test results show that the bitumen samples have specific gravity of 1.01 with a 0.9962 OAPI for Yegbata, while the Agbabu bitumen sample had 8.599 specific gravity and 10.54 OAPI. Kinematic viscosity ranges of 1.0×102 – 3.3×104 and 1.6×103 – 5.6×104, flash point of 288oC and 282oC and pour point of 44oC and 47oC. The gas chromatography analysis showed that the samples contained 46.35% and 7.59% saturates, 21.63% and 64.39% aromatics and 32.03% and 28.01% resins for Agbabu and Yegbata respectively. In comparison with Athabasca bitumen, the results were similar. The assessment and comparison of these properties with the properties of bitumen from Athabasca in Canada reveals that any surface or subsurface crude bitumen gotten from Agbabu and Yegbata in Ondo State, Nigeria can be exploited using similar technologies, if not the same as the technologies being used in Athabasca, Canada

scholarly journals Investigation effect of depressant additives on physicochemical properties of engine oil

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
S. V. Pashukevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pour Point ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Tractor Engine

In this work, laboratory tests of M8G2k engine oil are carried out with the introduction of SAP 110 depressants by Shell Additives and Lz 6662 by Lubrizol and their impact on the properties of the lubricant in question are assessed separately. During the tests, the values of the following indicators of engine oils are obtained: kinematic viscosity at 100 °C, base number, flash point in an open crucible, pour point and content of active elements (calcium, zinc). With the help of the SI-010 bench installation, the values of anti-pitting properties are indicated, as well as experiments are carried out on the NAMI-1m and Petter W-1 installations, with their help the tendency to the formation of low- and high-temperature deposits in the internal combustion engine (ICE) and the assessment of anti-corrosion properties respectively. To analyze the detergent properties of the engine oil under consideration, a test procedure are carried out on a D-240 tractor engine. Positive laboratory test results give grounds to recommend using M8G2k engine oil containing SAP 110 or Lz 6662 additives for the D-240 engine manufactured by MMZ

scholarly journals Technical Properties and Potential Application of Waste Engine Oil as Bitumen Modifier in Pavement Construction

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Bamidele I. O. Dahunsi ◽  
Daniel U. Idusuyi
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Waste Engine Oil ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Pavement Construction

The gradually exhausting crude oil reserves worldwide have made experts in the building industry to explore alternative resources for road construction materials. This study was designed to evaluate the potential applications of engine oil wastes as a bitumen modifier. The Waste Engine Oil (WEO) was obtained from an auto mechanic workshop. The base bitumen was replaced with WEO at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% respectively. The WEO modified bitumen properties which included penetration, softening point, flash point, solubility, specific gravity and viscosity were measured in accordance to ASTM standard procedures for a period of 5 days. From the results obtained it was observed that as the replacement level of the WEO increased, there was decrease in the viscosity, specific gravity, flash point and the softening point properties. Incorporating WEO into the base bitumen can at best be acceptable at 2% - 4%.

scholarly journals Analysis of selected results of engine oil tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 302 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Bogdan Landowski ◽  
Monika Baran
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Drive Unit ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Rotary Viscometer

The study presents selected results of viscosity tests performed for different temperatures of lubricating oil with viscosity marked as 5w30. Viscosity tests of new oil and oil right after being used have been compared. Lubricating oil used in a drive unit of a passenger car was tested. A vehicle in which oil had been changed irregularly was purposefully selected for the tests. Its mileage was over 15-20 thousand kilometers. Upon testing the vehicle mileage was above 265 thousand kilometers. The values of selected characteristics of the analyzed engine oils have been determined including: density, kinematic viscosity and viscosity index. FUNGILAB rotary viscometer was used for measurement of the oil kinematic viscosity.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF MELALUI PROSES TRANSESTERIFIKASI LANGSUNG

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Yuli Ristianingsih ◽  
Nurul Hidayah ◽  
Fradita Wanda Sari
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Crude Palm Oil

iodiesel merupakan bahan bakar alternatif yang diproduksi dari senyawa kimia bernama alkil ester yang bisa diperoleh dari minyak nabati, di mana pada penelitian ini digunakan Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Biodiesel juga diperuntukkan sebagai bahan bakar pengganti solar dengan kadar emisi gas buang lebih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh rasio mol umpan CPO:metanol (1:3 ; 1:4 ; 1:5 ; 1:6) dan berat katalis (0,25% ; 0,5% ; 1%) terhadap yield biodiesel dan karakteristik biodiesel dengan bahan baku CPO. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan proses transesterifikasi langsung untuk mengkonversi trigliserida menjadi metil ester (biodiesel). Transesterifikasi dilakukan selama 1 jam pada suhu 65oC dengan menggunakan katalis NaOH. Hasil transesterifikasi dipisahkan antara biodiesel dan produk samping gliserol. Biodiesel kemudian dianalisa nilai flash point, pour point, specific gravity dan viskositas kinematik serta dilakukan analisa GC-MS untuk mengetahui komposisi dan kandungan metil esternya. Biodiesel dengan yield terbanyak diperoleh pada rasio umpan 1:3 dan berat katalis 1% dengan nilai yield sebesar 65,38%. Biodiesel dengan yield terbanyak ini mempunyai nilai flash point sebesar 81,5oC, pour point sebesar 15oC specific gravity sebesar 0,8719 dan viskositas kinematik sebesar 4,459 mm2/s. Berdasarkan analisa GC-MS, diketahui kandungan metil ester dalam biodiesel sebesar 54,75%. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa semakin besar rasio mol CPO:metanol maka semakin besar pula yield biodiesel, serta semakin besar berat katalis maka semakin besar pula yield biodiesel. Nilai pour point, specific gravity dan viskositas kinematik sudah sesuai dengan SNI, sedangkan nilai flash point masih belum memenuhi SNI. Pembuatan biodiesel dari CPO melalui proses transesterifikasi langsung dapat menghasilkan senyawa metil ester.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document