scholarly journals Synthesis and Surfactant Studies of Dialkyl Dimethyl Quaternary Ammonium Bromide Formulations

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocky Barney ◽  
Tony Stark ◽  
Dru Delaet
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Tertiary Amines ◽  
Alkyl Bromide ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Multiple Component ◽  
Chain Lengths

Quaternary ammonium salts (otherwise known as quats) are commonly used active ingredients in biocide formulations used in the anti-microbial industry. Although quats have been established to be effective biocides, there are few studies investigating the maximization of biocidal efficacy in multiple component formulations using various carbon chain lengths. Reported here is the synthesis based on the Sn2 reaction of tertiary amines with alkyl bromide. Surfactant studies of the single and dual component systems were conducted, and the evaluation is explored.

scholarly journals Effect of aminoacids on the fungicidal activity of quaternary ammonium salts

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-217
Author(s):  
Jerzy Piątkowski ◽  
Michał Świątek
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Complex Organic ◽  
Full Medium

Amphipatic compounds exhibit an antimicrobial action both on bacteria and fungi. It is caused by a penetrative property of hydrophobic carbon chain of the compuound into a plasma membrane as well as by additional interaction of membrane elements and a hydrophilic amphipathic compound head. Bactericidal and fungicidal activity of this compound strongly depends on chemical environmental factors. In general, microorganisms are not as sensitive in a full medium as in a minimal one and the level of sensitivity rises when the amphipatic compounds are presend in destilled water. Similarly, the sensitivity is stronger in fluid than on solid medium. Our researches revealed however that some aminoacids, although they are complex organic compounds, increase the microbial sensitivity to some tested compound. This efect depends on a microorganism and on a kind of compound. The highest hipersensitivity has been observed against yeast-like fungi when arginine was a cooperating aminoacid. The effect concerns <em><em>Trichosporon</em> but not <em>E.coli</em>, not occurs in relation to SDS, quaternary ammonium salt IA, and bisammonium salts. Certainly the effect exhibit QAS, which have simple composition of hydrophilic „head” consisting only of methyl group, attaching to alkilic chain possessing keton group, build of 14 or 16 carbon atoms.

SALTING-IN BY QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 3232-3237 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Desnoyers ◽  
G. E. Pelletier ◽  
C. Jolicoeur
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Alkyl Group ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Structure Of Water ◽  
Organic Ions ◽  
Bromide Solutions

The solubility of benzene in substituted quaternary ammonium bromide solutions has been measured by ultraviolet absorption. The solubility is found to increase in the presence of such salts as R4−nHnN+Br− where R is an alkyl group and n varies between 0 and 3; a smooth transition in behavior is observed when passing from simple salts to long-chained micellar salts. This salting-in can be explained in terms of an association between the nonelectrolyte and the quaternary ammonium ion, which is induced by the increase in the structure of water near large nonpolar groups of the organic ions.

Strategies for the Synthesis of N-Arylammonium Salts

Synthesis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (16) ◽  
pp. 3535-3545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Diesendruck ◽  
Shlomy Arava
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Tertiary Amines ◽  
Pyrylium Salts ◽  
Menshutkin Reaction ◽  
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitutions ◽  
Ammonium Compounds ◽  
General Method

The N-arylation of tertiary amines to provide sp3 quaternary ammonium salts is a challenge in organic chemistry. To date, no general method for such arylations has been established. Here, we summarize a variety of strategies that have been tested, starting with harsh nucleophilic aromatic substitutions, through to the use of copper catalysis and the application of strong electrophiles, such as phenyl cations and benzynes. The achievements and limitations of each method are summarized, and the challenges yet to be met in the synthesis of charged ammonium compounds are described.1 Introduction2 Alkylation of Anilines: The Menshutkin Reaction3 Arylations3.1 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitutions by Tertiary Amines3.2 Preparation of N-Arylpyridinum Salts from Zincke and Pyrylium Salts3.3 Arylations Using Phenyl Cations3.4 Copper-Catalyzed Arylation of N-Heteroarenes3.5 Benzynes as Aryl Electrophiles4 Conclusions and Perspective

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