scholarly journals Effect of Carcinogen 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Treatment on Fiber Types in Skeletal Muscles of Male Wistar Rats

2017 ◽  
pp. 845-858
Author(s):  
V. SMERDU ◽  
M. PERŠE
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Hybrid Fiber ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Isoform Expression

The cancerogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), widely used in the experimental animal model of carcinogenesis, affects various organs, but its effect on muscle fibers is unknown. To evaluate the effect of 15-week DMH treatment on the fiber size and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms, which substantially determine fiber types and their contractile characteristics, pure and hybrid fiber types were immunohistochemically determined according to the MyHC isoform expression in soleus, extensor digitorum longus, gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis muscles of DMH-treated and control male Wistar rats. Whereas the size of fibers was mostly unaffected, the MyHC isoform expression was partially affected in both gastrocnemius samples, but not in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus of DMH-treated rats. The lower proportions of hybrid fiber types and especially that of type 1/2x in most gastrocnemius samples of DMH-treated rats resulted in a shift towards a single MyHC isoform expression, but the extent and pattern of the MyHC isoform shift varied across the different gastrocnemius samples. Such variable response to DMH treatment across muscles indicates that each muscle possesses its own adaptive range. These findings are essential for an accurate evaluation of skeletal muscle characteristics in DMH animal model.

scholarly journals Regeneration of new fibers in muscles of old rats reduces contraction-induced injury

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 750-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven T. Devor ◽  
John A. Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Lengthening Contractions ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Regenerated Fibers

Skeletal muscles are injured by their own contractions. Compared with muscles in young animals, those in old animals are injured more easily and more severely and regenerate less well afterward. Injection of a myotoxin (bupivacaine) causes complete degeneration of fibers in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of rats, followed by full regeneration within 60 days. We tested the specific hypothesis that, 3 days after a protocol of pliometric (lengthening) contractions, the newly regenerated muscle fibers in bupivacaine-treated EDL muscles in both young and old rats would show a lesser deficit in maximum force and fewer damaged fibers than muscles in nontreated EDL muscles. The treated and nontreated EDL muscles of young and old male Wistar rats were administered a protocol of 225 pliometric contractions and were evaluated 3 days afterward, when morphological damage to muscle fibers is most severe. In treated compared with nontreated EDL muscles of both young and old rats, the force deficit and the number of damaged fibers were each reduced by ∼75%. We conclude that newly regenerated fibers in muscles of young and old animals are resistant to injury and that maintenance of newly regenerated fibers by conditioning may prevent inadvertent damage, particularly in muscles of elderly people.

scholarly journals Development of Animal Model for Studying Deep Second-Degree Thermal Burns

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle dos Santos Tavares Pereira ◽  
Maria Helena Madruga Lima-Ribeiro ◽  
Nicodemos Teles de Pontes-Filho ◽  
Ana Maria dos Anjos Carneiro-Leão ◽  
Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Thermal Burns ◽  
Thermal Lesions ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Tissue Shrinkage ◽  
Fibroblastic Proliferation ◽  
Second Degree

Thermal lesions were produced in 12 male Wistar rats, positioning a massive aluminum bar 10 mm in diameter (51 g), preheated to 99°C ± 2°C/10 min. on the back of each animal for 15 sec. After 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, animals were euthanized. The edema intensity was mild, with no bubble and formation of a thick and dry crust from the 3rd day. The percentage of tissue shrinkage at 28 days was 66.67 ± 1.66%. There was no sign of infection, bleeding, or secretion. Within 28 days reepithelialization was incomplete, with fibroblastic proliferation and moderate fibrosis and presence of modeled dense collagen fibers. It is concluded that the model established is applicable in obtaining deep second-degree thermal burns in order to evaluate the healing action of therapeutic agents of topical use.

scholarly journals Heat Stress Prevents the Decrease in Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity in the Extensor Digitorum Longus of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2018 ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. NONAKA ◽  
S. UNE ◽  
M. KOMATSU ◽  
R. YAMAJI ◽  
J. AKIYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 60 ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase 2

This study aimed to investigate whether heat stress (HS) prevents a decrease in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) contents in the extensor digitorum longus of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Twelve-week-old male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the four groups (n=6/group): control (Con), HS, diabetes mellitus (DM), and diabetes mellitus and heat stress (DM+HS). Diabetes was induced by the administration of STZ (50 mg/kg). HS was initiated 7 days after STZ treatment and performed at 42 °C for 30 min 5 times a week for 3 weeks. SDH activity was decreased in the DM and DM+HS groups. However, SDH activity was greater in the DM+HS group than in the DM group. Although HSP60 content was lower in the DM group than in the Con group, it was maintained in the DM+HS groups and was higher than that in the DM group. SOD2 content was decreased only in the DM group. These findings suggest that HS prevents the decrease in SDH activity in the skeletal muscle induced by DM. According to this mechanism, the maintenance of SOD2 and HSP60 by HS may suppress the increase in oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Male Wistar rats show individual differences in an animal model of conformity

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolle W. Jolles ◽  
Leonie de Visser ◽  
Ruud van den Bos
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Aberrant expression of myosin isoforms in skeletal muscles from mice lacking the rev-erbAα orphan receptor gene

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (2) ◽  
pp. R482-R490 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pircher ◽  
P. Chomez ◽  
F. Yu ◽  
B. Vennström ◽  
L. Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Type I ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Isoform Expression

The rev-erbAα orphan protein belongs to the steroid nuclear receptor superfamily. No ligand has been identified for this protein, and little is known of its function in development or physiology. In this study, we focus on 1) the distribution of the rev-erbAα protein in adult fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles and muscle fibers and 2) how the rev-erbAα protein influences myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform expression in mice heterozygous (+/−) and homozygous (−/−) for a rev-erbAα protein null allele. In the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle, rev-erbAα protein expression was linked to muscle fiber type; however, MyHC isoform expression did not differ between wild-type, +/−, or −/− mice. In the slow-twitch soleus muscle, the link between rev-erbAα protein and MyHC isoform expression was more complex than in the extensor digitorum longus. Here, a significantly higher relative amount of the β/slow (type I) MyHC isoform was observed in both rev-erbAα −/− and +/− mice vs. that shown in wild-type controls. A role for the ratio of thyroid hormone receptor proteins α1 to α2 in modulating MyHC isoform expression can be ruled out because no differences were seen in MyHC isoform expression between thyroid hormone receptor α2-deficient mice (heterozygous and homozygous) and wild-type mice. Therefore, our data are compatible with the rev-erbAα protein playing an important role in the regulation of skeletal muscle MyHC isoform expression.

scholarly journals Carbonic anhydrase activity in skeletal muscle fiber types, axons, spindles, and capillaries of rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1275-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Riley ◽  
S Ellis ◽  
J Bain
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Fast Twitch

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) activities were studied in soluble extracts and cryostat sections of skeletal muscles from prepubertal and postpubertal rats. Acetazolamide inhibition was utilized to distinguish between activities of the acetazolamide-sensitive (CA I and II) and acetazolamide-resistant (CA III) forms of the enzyme. The inhibition studies indicated that fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic muscle fibers contained both the sensitive and resistant forms of CA. Acetazolamide-sensitive activity was localized within muscle fibers, axons, myelin, and capillaries. Axoplasmic staining was restricted to subpopulations of myelinated axons in both the dorsal and ventral roots. Soleus muscles exhibited significantly greater activity of CA III than extensor digitorum longus muscles at all ages examined. CA III was richest in slow-twitch oxidative and intrafusal fibers. During puberty, soleus muscle fibers matured and converted from fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic to slow-twitch oxidative fibers. There was a shift from the sensitive to the resistant form of CA; CA III activity increased about sevenfold. This activity peaked earlier in the muscles of female rats than male rats. These results demonstrated a complex distribution of CA isozymes in the neuromuscular system and pointed out that isozyme content depends on both the type of muscle and the age and sex of the animal.

scholarly journals Morphology of extensor digitorum longus of Wistar rats after remobilization by vibratory platform

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
Izabela Rodrigues Camilo ◽  
◽  
Maria Luiza Serradourada Wutzke ◽  
Rose Meire Costa ◽  
Gladson Ricardo Flor Bertolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Extensor Digitorum

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects ofOcimum gratissimumAqueous Extract on Rats with CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ching Chiu ◽  
Chih-Yang Huang ◽  
Tzy-Yen Chen ◽  
Shao-Hsuan Kao ◽  
Jer-Yuh Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Liver Injuries ◽  
Chronic Hepatic Injury ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Potential Food

Ocimum gratissimum(OG) is known as a food spice and traditional herb, which has been recommended for the treatment of various diseases. To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of OG aqueous extract (OGAE), male Wistar rats challenged by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were used as the animal model of chronic hepatic injury. Significantly increased serum catalase and DPPH levels were detected in CCl4-administrated rats that were treated with OGAE or silymarin as compared to those rats that were treated with saline or CCl4. In contrast, significantly decreased stress proteins including HSP70 and iNOS were observed in livers of CCl4-administrated rats that were treated with OGAE or sylimarin as compared to those rats that were treated with saline or CCl4. Moreover, significant decreases of MMP-9/MMP-2 ratio, uPA, phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) and NF-κB (p-P65) were detected in livers of CCl4-administrated rats that were treated with OGAE or sylimarin as compared to those rats that were treated with saline or CCl4. These findings imply that OGAE can efficiently inhibit CCl4-induced liver injuries in rats and may therefore be a potential food or herb for preventing liver injuries.

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