Non-lethal diagnostic methods for koi herpesvirus in koi Cyprinus carpio

2020 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Soto ◽  
E Tamez-Trevino ◽  
Z Yazdi ◽  
BN Stevens ◽  
S Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Permissive Temperature ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Koi Herpesvirus ◽  
Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
And Control

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3, also known as koi herpesvirus (KHV), is a viral pathogen responsible for mass mortalities of carp worldwide. In this study, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA and quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods for the diagnosis of KHV in experimentally infected koi Cyprinus carpio over an 11 mo period. Koi were exposed to KHV at 18 ± 1°C (permissive temperatures for KHV disease) in laboratory-controlled conditions. At 21 d post challenge, the temperature in the system was decreased to <15°C (non-permissive temperature for KHV disease), and fish were monitored for the following 11 mo. At different time points throughout the study, samples of blood and gills were collected from exposed and control koi and subjected to qPCR and ELISA. Survival proportions of 53.3 and 98.8% in exposed and control treatments, respectively, were recorded at the end of the challenge. Traditional receiver-operating characteristic analysis was used to compare the sensitivity of the ELISA and blood and gill qPCR during permissive and non-permissive temperatures. ELISA was superior to qPCR of gills and whole-blood samples in detecting previous exposure to KHV. Similar results were obtained in a second experiment exposing koi to KHV and inducing persistent infection at >30°C (non-permissive temperature for KHV disease). Finally, KHV ELISA specificity was confirmed using cyprinid herpesvirus 1-exposed koi through a period of 3 mo. This study demonstrates that the combination of ELISA and gill qPCR should be recommended in the diagnosis of KHV exposure of suspected carrier-state fish.

scholarly journals Identification of the Immediate-Early Genes of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 994
Author(s):  
Ruizhe Tang ◽  
Liqun Lu ◽  
Beiyang Wang ◽  
Jiao Yu ◽  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 ◽  
Efficient Expression ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2), which infects goldfish and crucian carp causing high mortality, is an emerging viral pathogen worldwide. The genome of CyHV-2 is large and comprises double-stranded DNA, including several genes similar to cyprinid herpesvirus 1, ictalurid herpesvirus-1, cyprinid herpesvirus 3, and ranid herpesvirus-1. Genes of DNA viruses are expressed in three temporal phases: immediate-early (IE), early (E), and late (L) genes. Viral IE genes initiate transcription as soon as the virus enters the host, without viral DNA replication. IE gene products enable the efficient expression of E and L genes or regulate the host to initiate virus replication. In the present study, five IE genes of CyHV-2 were identified, including open reading frame (ORF)54, ORF121, ORF141, ORF147, and ORF155. Time course analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed five IE genes, thirty-four E genes, and thirty-nine L genes. In addition, all 150 ORFs identified in the CyHV-2 genome are transcribed, and are expressed in chronological order, similar to other herpesviruses. This study is the first to identify the IE genes of CyHV-2, which will provide more information for viral molecular characterization.

Koi herpesvirus represents a third cyprinid herpesvirus (CyHV-3) in the family Herpesviridae

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1659-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Waltzek ◽  
Garry O. Kelley ◽  
David M. Stone ◽  
Keith Way ◽  
Larry Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Major Capsid Protein ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Lower Vertebrate ◽  
Channel Catfish Virus ◽  
Koi Herpesvirus ◽  
Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fish Viruses ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

The sequences of four complete genes were analysed in order to determine the relatedness of koi herpesvirus (KHV) to three fish viruses in the family Herpesviridae: carp pox herpesvirus (Cyprinid herpesvirus 1, CyHV-1), haematopoietic necrosis herpesvirus of goldfish (Cyprinid herpesvirus 2, CyHV-2) and channel catfish virus (Ictalurid herpesvirus 1, IcHV-1). The genes were predicted to encode a helicase, an intercapsomeric triplex protein, the DNA polymerase and the major capsid protein. The results showed that KHV is related closely to CyHV-1 and CyHV-2, and that the three cyprinid viruses are related, albeit more distantly, to IcHV-1. Twelve KHV isolates from four diverse geographical areas yielded identical sequences for a region of the DNA polymerase gene. These findings, with previously published morphological and biological data, indicate that KHV should join the group of related lower-vertebrate viruses in the family Herpesviridae under the formal designation Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3).

scholarly journals Carp Edema Virus and Cyprinid Herpesvirus-3 Coinfection is Associated with Mass Mortality of Koi (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) in the Republic of Korea

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Wha Kim ◽  
Sib Sankar Giri ◽  
Sang Guen Kim ◽  
Jun Kwon ◽  
Woo Taek Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio Haematopterus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fish Industry

As koi and common carp gain importance in the Korean fish industry, the need for better diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of associated diseases has increased. In June 2019, the first known case of mass mortality involving cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) and the second involving carp edema virus (CEV) occurred in a koi farm in Jeolla-do, Korea. Notably, the CEV exhibited a closer phylogenetic relationship with certain CEV strains originating from Poland, Germany, and India than with strains originating from China or Japan. Epidemiological studies and detailed surveillance and control for CEV and CyHV-3 are needed along with quarantine inspections.

scholarly journals Persistence of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 in Infected Cultured Carp Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 4828-4836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnon Dishon ◽  
Maya Davidovich ◽  
Maya Ilouze ◽  
Moshe Kotler
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Permissive Temperature ◽  
Nonpermissive Temperature ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Viral Propagation ◽  
Koi Herpesvirus ◽  
Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Vacuolated Cells

ABSTRACT Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), previously designated carp interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis virus or koi herpesvirus, is the cause of a worldwide mortal disease of koi and carp. Morphologically, the virus resembles herpesviruses, yet it bears a genome of 277 to 295 kbp, which is divergent from most of the genomic sequences available in GenBank. The disease afflicts fish in the transient seasons, when the water temperature is 18 to 28°C, conditions which permit virus propagation in cultured cells. Here we report that infectious virus is preserved in cultured cells maintained for 30 days at 30°C. CyHV-3-infected vacuolated cells with deformed morphology converted to normal, and plaques disappeared following shifting up of the temperature and reappeared after transfer to the permissive temperature. Viral propagation and viral gene transcription were turned off by shifting cells to the nonpermissive temperature. Upon return of the cells to the permissive temperature, transcription of viral genes was reactivated in a sequence distinguished from that occurring in naïve cells following infection. Our results show that CyHV-3 persists in cultured cells maintained at the nonpermissive temperature and suggest that viruses could persist for long periods in the fish body, enabling a new burst of infection upon a shift to a permissive temperature.

Efficacy and safety of a modified-live cyprinid herpesvirus 3 vaccine in koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) for prevention of koi herpesvirus disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 899-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Scott Weber ◽  
Kirsten V. Malm ◽  
Susan C. Yun ◽  
Lori A. Campbell ◽  
Philip H. Kass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Koi Herpesvirus ◽  
Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio Koi

The Prospects and Risks Connected with Increasing the Level of Self-Organisation in Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Svetlana Alexandrovna Kosareva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Study Guide ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Self Organisation ◽  
And Control

The paper describes the method for increasing the level of self-organisation in students which has been developed by the author. It also contains the method testing results and presents the prospects and risks teachers could face while applying the method in a higher education institution. The purpose of this study is to find out the prospects and risks of applying the method for increasing the level of self-organisation in students and to determine the ways of reducing the risks. Methodology. The author points out the learning approaches which were the basis of developing the method and describes diagnostic methods for determining students’ self-organisation levels. The work focused on increasing each student’s initial level consists of a theoretical and a practical part and includes project activities on creating a study guide. The results of the study. The method developed proved to be effective. It was established by diagnosing the final level of self-organisation in students in the experimental and control groups. The paper considers the advantages of the method among which there is universal character, flexibility, improvements to teacher’s and students’ professional competence, etc. At the same time it is necessary to be aware of the risks due to the increased amount of teacher’s work and the fact that students’ work within the project tends to be monotonous. In conclusion, the prospects of the method for increasing the level of self-organisation in students are related to its advantages and the final results of the work. The risks of its use can be reduced with the help of the measures proposed in the paper.

Enrichment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet with Malic acid: Effects on skin mucosal immunity, antioxidant defecne and growth performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Safari ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽  
Maryam Dadar ◽  
Hien Van Doan
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe present study investigated possible effects of dietary malic acid on the expression of immunity, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters in common carp. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with different levels (0 [control], 0.5%, 1%, 2%) of malic acid (MA) for 60 days. The results revealed highest expression levels of immune-related genes (tnf-alpha, il1b, il8 and lyz) in skin of common carp fed 2% MA (P < 0.05). Regarding 1% MA treatment comparison with control group, significant difference was noticed just in case of lyz (P < 0.05). Evaluation of growth related genes expression revealed no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The study of antioxidant related genes (gsta and gpx) in common carp skin fed with MA, showed significant difference between treated groups and control (P < 0.05). Carps fed with 2% MA had highest alkaline phosphatase activity in skin mucus compared other treated groups and control (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between 0.5% and 1% and control (P > 0.05). The study of total protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in common carp skin musus revealed no alteration following MA treatment (P > 0.05). The present data demonstrated that feeding with MA altered immune and antioxidant genes expression in skin mucus of common carp.

Immersion immunization of koi (Cyprinus carpio) against cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) with carbon nanotube-loaded DNA vaccine

Aquaculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 539 ◽  
pp. 736644
Author(s):  
Feng Hu ◽  
Yingying Li ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Siyu Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3
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