scholarly journals Application of Different Evapotranspiration Models to Calculate Total Agricultural Water Demand in a Tropical Region

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Thi Hong Tran ◽  
Mark Honti
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Potential Evaporation ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Total Water Demand

Today, water in the Long Xuyen Quadrangle-An Giang (LXQAG)(Mekong River delta, Vietnam) is becoming scarce in some seasonsand some districts in the region, especially when the scenariosof climate change will affect water resources in the future.Therefore, it is necessary to make decisions about water conservationand distribution to ensure compatibility with the socialobjectives such as economic efficiency, sustainability and fairness.The mathematical models used for water distribution andbalance calculations are the prominent themes nowadays. To performthis task, it needs to calculate the water needs for all economicsectors. In this article we are particularly concerned aboutwater demand calculation methods for crops and aquaculture.Because these are the two main commodities accounting for thehighest water usage in the region. Water demand for crops is calculatedthrough potential evaporation using the methods of Hargreaves& Samani; Priestley and Taylor and Penman-Monteithto check if the first two simpler methods with less data demandcould be used to estimate evapotranspiration. The results showthat the simpler methods were significantly different and thereforewater demand calculations must be based on the Penman-Monteith method for the water demand of crops and the methodsof Penman to calculate expansion evaporation for aquaculture.The result shows that the total water demand in 2015 is 6,428million m3/year. It is estimated that in 2020, agricultural waterdemand will rise by 71% compared to 2015 to 22,531 millionm3/year. The main reason for this rise is that the local managersexpect the catfish farming area to increase by 80%, if peopleapply the “VietGAP standards”.

scholarly journals Potential Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic through Changes in Outbound Tourism on Water Demand: The Case of Liège (Belgium)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2820
Author(s):  
Nguyen Bich-Ngoc ◽  
Jacques Teller
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Monthly Total ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Total Water Demand ◽  
Sudden Reduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to many countries closing their borders, and numerous people spending their holidays at home instead of traveling abroad. This sudden reduction in travel activities, and other ‘new normals’, might have influenced people’s water usage. Hence, using Liège as a case study, this study aims to address the potential effect of outbound tourism on water consumption and how the current situation might affect the total water demand. Statistical models were developed and validated using the total daily volume of 23 municipalities in the Liège conurbation, the monthly total number of outbound trips, and other meteorological data. Results suggest significantly lower water demand in the months with high numbers of outbound travel activities. Though the projected risk of increased water needs due to fewer people traveling is moderate, the threat becomes much higher during long periods of dry and hot weather.

scholarly journals Estimating Sectoral Water Demand for Sindh Province of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-406
Author(s):  
Heman Das Lohano ◽  
Fateh Muhammad Marri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Environmental Flows ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Water Demand

Water resources in Sindh province of Pakistan are under significant pressure due to increasing and conflicting water demand from municipalities for domestic users, agriculture and industries, and requirements of environmental flows. Population growth and climate change are likely to pose serious challenges to households and economic sectors that depend on water. This study estimates the present water demand from municipalities, agriculture and industries, and its future projections by the year 2050 in Sindh. The study also evaluates the impact of climate change on sectoral water demand and assesses the water requirements for the environmental flows. The results show that presently the total water demand for these sectors in Sindh is 44.06 Million Acre Feet (MAF). Agriculture is the largest consumer of water, accounting for 95.24 percent of the total water demand. Municipal water demand accounts for 2.61 percent while industrial water demand accounts for 1.88 percent. The demand for water in these sectors is expected to rise by 10 percent from 2018 to 2050. Moreover, depending on climate change scenario, the total water demand in these three sectors is likely to rise by 16 to 25 percent from 2018 to 2050. In additions, water requirements for the environmental flows have been indicated as 10 MAF in the National Water Accord of 1991. The findings of this study call for policy measures and strategies for management of water resources in Sindh.

scholarly journals Water Demand Forecast in the Baiyangdian Basin with the Extensive and Low-Carbon Economic Modes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Qin ◽  
D. H. Yan ◽  
G. Wang ◽  
J. Yin
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Demand Forecast ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Water Demand Forecast ◽  
Population Urbanization ◽  
Total Water Demand

The extensive and low-carbon economic modes were constructed on the basis of population, urbanization level, economic growth rate, industrial structure, industrial scale, and ecoenvironmental water requirement. The objective of this paper is to quantitatively analyze effects of these two economic modes on regional water demand. Productive and domestic water demands were both derived by their scale and quota. Ecological water calculation involves the water within stream, wetland, and cities and towns. Total water demand of the research region was obtained based on the above three aspects. The research method was applied in the Baiyangdian basin. Results showed that total water demand with the extensive economic mode would increase by 1.27 billion m3, 1.53 billion m3, and 2.16 billion m3in 2015, 2020, and 2030, respectively, compared with that with low-carbon mode.

scholarly journals Rainwater harvesting as an alternative of freshwater supply in Balikpapan city – a case study of Institut Teknologi Kalimantan

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012040
Author(s):  
E T Mamangkey ◽  
R B Sukmara ◽  
Ariyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Sensitive Urban Design ◽  
Supply Analysis

Abstract Currently, 73% of the water demand in Balikpapan was only supplied from Manggar Reservoir, and it will continue decreasing parallelly with the increasing population. Regarding the population issues and the government’s planning for the new capital city of Indonesia, Balikpapan will be a buffer city facing serious risk in water supply issues in the future. Therefore, this study seeks to analyze an alternative of water supply. Following the concepts in Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), The rainwater harvesting (RWH) method was chosen for preventive analysis, and Institut Teknologi Kalimantan (ITK) as one of the reputable’s universities in Balikpapan will be taken as a study location. The results obtained that the monthly water demand in ITK was ranged from 3228.34 m3 to 16632.97 m3. Using RWH, water supply analysis was obtained from 3790.62 m3 to 10697.31 m3 in various rainfall durations (0.5 to 2 hours) and 20 years projections (2022 to 2042). Following the obtained water supply. This study also reveals that the savings of total water usage can be reached from 24% to 100%, and around IDR 14,082,002 to IDR 37,035,390 is converted to currency. The highest saving reached due to water supply meets the water demand.

WaterNetGen: an EPANET extension for automatic water distribution network models generation and pipe sizing

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Muranho ◽  
Ana Ferreira ◽  
Joaquim Sousa ◽  
Abel Gomes ◽  
Alfeu Sá Marques
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Synthetic Models ◽  
Total Water Demand ◽  
Selection Of

This paper focuses on the generation of synthetic models of water distribution networks (WDN). Models are widely used in many fields related with WDN planning and operation. Therefore, the main contribution of this work is to provide an automatic procedure to build models with the well-known EPANET tool in a manner that, with a small amount of input data and a few clicks, the user can build a network topology and assign suitable pipe diameters. For that purpose, a new application, called WaterNetGen, was designed and implemented as an extension to the EPANET software. WaterNetGen can be used to generate synthetic models of WDN, with several hundred nodes and pipes, within a few minutes. The sizing capability allows the selection of commercial diameters, such that the final network design satisfies certain user-defined design constraints, like minimum diameter, maximum velocity and minimum pressure. The total water demand is allocated to the pipes taking into account their length and a demand coefficient. The water demand of each pipe is then assigned to its start and end nodes and follows a specific demand pattern.

ANN versus SARIMA models in forecasting residential water consumption in Tunisia

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maamar Sebri
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Forecasting Accuracy ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Residential Water Consumption ◽  
End Use ◽  
Total Water Demand

Water scarcity and increasing water demand, especially for residential end-use, are major challenges facing Tunisia. The need to accurately forecast water consumption is useful for the planning and management of this natural resource. In the current study, quarterly time series of household water consumption in Tunisia was forecast using a comparative analysis between the traditional Box–Jenkins method and an artificial neural networks approach. In particular, an attempt was made to test the effectiveness of data preprocessing, such as detrending and deseasonalization, on the accuracy of neural networks forecasting. Results indicate that the traditional Box–Jenkins method outperforms neural networks estimated on raw, detrended, or deseasonalized data in terms of forecasting accuracy. However, forecasts provided by the neural network model estimated on combined detrended and deseasonalized data are significantly more accurate and much closer to the actual data. This model is therefore selected to forecast future household water consumption in Tunisia. Projection results suggest that by 2025, water demand for residential end-use will represent around 18% of the total water demand of the country.

scholarly journals Analisis Ketersediaan Air Permukaan dan Proyeksi Kebutuhan Air DAS Bodri Tahun 2040

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Chafda Larasati ◽  
Aji Wijaya Abadi ◽  
M Galih Prakoso ◽  
Novanna Dwi S ◽  
Venny Vivid F ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Landuse Change ◽  
Calculation Of Parameters ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Total Water Demand

Abstrak Sumberdaya air penting untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan semua makhluk hidup termasuk manusia. DAS Bodri menyediakan suplai air permukaan melalui sungai-sungai yang ada dalam DAS, yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh penduduk sekitar. Seiring berjalannya waktu, DAS Bodri mengalami perubahan penggunaan lahan yang menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan kebutuhan air dan terjadi ketidakseimbangan antara kebutuhan dan ketersediaan air permukaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, yaitu mengetahui keseimbangan antara kebutuhan air di masa yang akan datang dengan ketersediaan air permukaan di DAS Bodri tahun 2040. Perhitungan keseimbangan antara kebutuhan dan ketersediaan air permukaan dilakukan dengan membandingkan antara kebutuhan air total dan ketersediaan air permukaan. Parameter kebutuhan air total terdiri dari kebutuhan air domestik, fasilitas kesehatan, fasilitas pendidikan, fasilitas peribadatan, perkantoran, industri, pertokoan dan pasar, warung makan, peternakan, irigasi, dan tambak. Kebutuhan air di tahun mendatang diketahui melalui proyeksi secara eksponensial dan tetap dari data jumlah dalam perhitungan parameter. Kebutuhan air untuk aktivitas domestik dan nondomestik diestimasikan mencapai 2,44 miliar m3 pada tahun 2040. Hasil analisis neraca air menunjukkan bahwa status neraca air DAS Bodri tahun 2010-2019 mengalami defisiensi. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa potensi sumberdaya air permukaan masih belum mencukupi untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan air di DAS Bodri hingga tahun 2040. Abstract Water resources play an important role in meeting the needs of all living things, including humans. The Bodri watershed provides surface water supply through rivers on the watershed, which the local residents can use and utilize. Over time, the Bodri watershed underwent landuse change, which led to an increase in water demand, resulting in an imbalance between water demand and surface water availability. Calculation of the balance between demand and surface water availability is done by comparing the total water demand and the surface water availability. This study aims to determine the balance between future water demand and surface water availability in the Bodri watershed in 2040. The parameters used to determine total water demand consist of water needs of the following sectors; domestic, health facilities, educational facilities, religious facilities, offices, industry, shops and markets, food stalls, livestock, irrigation, and ponds. In the coming year, water demand is known through projections exponentially and permanently from the amount of data in the calculation of parameters. Water demand for domestic and non-domestic activities is estimated to reach 2.44 billion m3 in 2040. The water balance analysis results show that the status of the Bodri watershed water balance in 2010-2019 is deficient. The potential for surface water resources is still insufficient to meet the water needs in the Bodri watershed until 2040.  

scholarly journals ANALISA KEBUTUHAN AIR BERSIH (STUDI KASUS DESA SIMPANG GAUNG KECAMATAN GAUNG KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Wiro Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
Water Pipeline ◽  
Total Water Demand

Abstract Water is a basic need for human survival, clean water needs continue to increase while the supply of raw water infrastructure is still limited, there is often a lack of fulfillment of needs during the dry season, clean water crisis is one of the problems in Indragiri Hilir District especially in Simpang Gaung Village. Planning for a clean water distribution system really needs to be taken into account in order to guarantee the fulfillment of the level of service, in planning the clean water pipeline is determined by the water requirements and the required flow pressure. The amount or discharge of water provided depends on the population and industry served. The purpose of this study is to obtain clean water needs and a piping network system 15 based on the needs of the population in the next 15 years. The population of Simpang Gaung Village in 2018 is 4,100 people, with the semi average soul method of population growth up to 2033 is 4,283 people. The total water demand with a population of 4334 million in 2033 is 2.9420 liters / second. The source of water used is the river.     Abstrak Air merupakan kebutuhan yang mendasar bagi kelangsungan hidup manusia, kebutuhan air bersih terus meningkat sementara penyediaan prasarana air baku masih terbatas, sering terjadi kekurangan pemenuhan kebutuhan saat musim kemarau, krisis air bersih merupakan salah satu masalah di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir khusunya di Desa Simpang Gaung. Perencanaan sistem distribusi air bersih sangat perlu diperhitungkan agar dapat menjamin terpenuhinya tingkat pelayanan, pada perencanaan jaringan pipa air bersih ditentukan oleh kebutuhan air dan tekanan aliran yang diperlukan. Jumlah atau debit air yang disediakan tergantung pada jumlah penduduk dan industri yang dilayani. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mendapatkan kebutuhan air bersih dan sistim jaringan perpipaan 15 berdasarkan kebutuhan penduduk 15 tahun kedepannya. Jumlah penduduk Desa Simpang Gaung tahun 2018 berjumlah 4.100 jiwa, dengan metode semi average jiwa pertumbuhan penduduk sampai dengan tahun 2033 adalah 4.283 jiwa. Total kebutuhan air dengan jumlah penduduk 4334 juta jiwa pada tahun 2033 adalah 2,9420 liter/detik. Sumber air yang digunakan adalah sungai.

scholarly journals Water Saving Potential in the RBD of Thessaly

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Olive Groves ◽  
Total Water Demand ◽  
Technical Measures

The prolonged issues regarding the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the water resources in the River Basin District of Thessaly (TRBD) have resulted in the environmental degradation and the reduction of the availability of water. Agriculture is the major water user, constituting up to 95% of total water demand. The pressures anticipated from the ongoing climate change are expected to cause further degradation, given the present status of the water resources. This research attempts to examine and quantify the water saving potential of TRBD, mainly for the agriculture sector, following the recommendations of the European legislation, the principles of sustainable development and environmental protection. Water saving tools are documented in several countries, including technical measures, such as drip irrigation systems and the modernization of the transfer networks, as well as deficit and scheduled irrigation practices and water reuse. These measures and practices are tested for their potential effect on water demand in TRBD, in addition to changing a portion of cotton cultivation areas to olive groves. To this end, the volume of irrigation demand is estimated at 2088×106, while total water demand stands for 2204×106. Afterwards the study proceeds to the evaluation of the water saving potential both independently and combined. The potential of water savings in TRBD is proven high, 14.3% of total water demand for technical measures, 10.7% if deficit irrigation is applied to specific crops, while it may reach 28.8% in case the measures are combined.

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