scholarly journals Fuel Properties of Butanol – Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil Blends as a Diesel Extender Option for Internal Combustion Engines

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Máté Zöldy
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil

European legislation and new engine technologies require better quality in fuels, and the diesel scandal pushes engine and fuel developers to investigate new solutions. The decrease of fossil energy sources and the new, stricter emission regulations necessitate the discovery of renewable sources. Biofuels are an obvious solution to replace fossil fuels in a more environmentally conscious way. This study presents a new approach with the analytical investigation of butanol, hydrogenated vegetable oil, and diesel oil blends.In the presented phase of the research, our focus was on the most application- critical chemical properties of the fuels, to analyze if the three component blends are suitable for compression ignition engines. A wide-ranging chemical-analytical test plan was prepared with nearly 20 parameters measured of the chemical and physical parameters of blends, especially regarding flash point, cetane number, viscosity and cold filter plugging point (CFPP).The findings prove that from an engine-critical characteristics point of view butanol – hydrogenated vegetable oil – diesel blends are a potential solution, as HVO and butanol counterbalance its critical parameters.

Extraction and Determination of Physico-chemical Properties of Oil from Watermelon Seeds (Citrullus lanatus L) to Use in Internal Combustion Engines

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2676-2681
Author(s):  
Mihaela Gabriela Dumitru ◽  
Dragos Tutunea
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Geometrical Mean ◽  
Reduction Of Nox

The purpose of this work was to investigate the physicochemical properties of watermelon seeds and oil and to find out if this oil is suitable and compatible with diesel engines. The results showed that the watermelon seeds had the maximum length (9.08 mm), width (5.71mm), thickness (2.0 mm), arithmetic mean diameter (5.59 mm), geometrical mean diameter (4.69 mm), sphericity (51.6%), surface area (69.07), volume 0.17 cm3 and moisture content 5.4%. The oil was liquid at room temperature, with a density and refractive index of 0.945 and 1.4731 respectively acidity value (1.9 mgNaOH/g), free fatty acid (0.95 mgNaOH), iodine value (120 mgI2/100g), saponification value (180 mgKOH/g), antiradical activity (46%), peroxide value (7.5 mEqO2/Kg), induction period (6.2 h), fatty acid: palmitic acid (13.1%), stearic acid (9.5 %), oleic acid (15.2 %) and linoleic acid (61.3%). Straight non food vegetable oils can offer a solution to fossil fuels by a cleaner burning with minimal adaptation of the engine. A single cylinder air cooled diesel engine Ruggerini RY 50 was used to measure emissions of various blends of watermelon oil (WO) and diesel fuel (WO10D90, WO20D80, WO30D70 and WO75D25). The physic-chemical properties of the oil influence the combustion process and emissions leading to the reduction of NOX and the increase in CO, CO2 and HC.

scholarly journals RAPE SEED OIL TETRAHYDROFURFURYLESTERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
K. Malins ◽  
V. Kampars ◽  
R. Kampare ◽  
T. Rusakova
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Mineral Oils

The transesterification of vegetable oil using various kinds of alcohols is a simple and efficient renewable fuel synthesis technique. Products obtained by modifying natural triglycerides in transesterification reaction substitute fossil fuels and mineral oils. Currently the most significant is the biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters, which is obtained in a reaction with methanol, which in turn is obtained from fossil raw materials. In biodiesel production it would be more appropriate to use alcohols which can be obtained from renewable local raw materials. Ethanol rouses interest as a possible reagent, however, its production locally is based on the use of grain and therefore competes with food production so it would implicitly cause increase in food prices. Another raw material option is alcohols that can be obtained from furfurole. Furfurole is obtained in dehydration process from pentose sugars which can be extracted from crop straw, husk and other residues of agricultural production. From furfurole the tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA), a raw material for biodiesel, can be produced. By transesterifying rapeseed oil with THFA it would be possible to obtain completely renewable biodiesel with properties very close to diesel [2-4]. With the purpose of developing the synthesis of such fuel, in this work a three-stage synthesis of rapeseed oil tetrahydrofurfurylesters (ROTHFE) in sulphuric acid presence has been performed, achieving product with purity over 98%. The most important qualitative factors of ROTHFE have been determined - cold filter plugging point, cetane number, water content, Iodine value, phosphorus content, density, viscosity and oxidative stability.

scholarly journals Catalytic hydrogenation of straight vegetable oil using NiMo/ Al2O3 catalyst for biodiesel production

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 02045
Author(s):  
SD Sumbogo Murti ◽  
J. Prasetyo ◽  
G.W. Murti ◽  
Z. D. Hastuti ◽  
F. M. Yanti
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Straight Vegetable Oil ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

The attractiveness of biodiesel as an alternative fuel compared to fossil fuels because it has many advantages such as the availability of abundant raw materials, more environmentally friendly, high combustion efficiency, low sulphur content, high cetane number and biodegradability. Making biodiesel from straight vegetable oil (VGO) has been done through the catalytic hydrogenation process. A VGO of callophylum inophyllum oil was treated via degumming and neutralisation to remove all impurities before hydroprocessing. Hydroprocessing was carried out in a 500ml autoclave at 30 – 50 MPa of initial hydrogen pressure, 300 – 400oC of reaction temperature and equipped with stirrer and cooling system. NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst was activated with CS2 mixture at 370oC prior to the reaction. Some physical and chemical properties of the catalytic hydroprocessing product have been investigated in accordance to ASTM standard. The measurement result of product varies according to the operation condition. The result showed that callophyllum inophyllum oil can be used as raw material for biodiesel production over NiMo/Al2O3. Sulfided NiMo/Al2O3 catalysts are preferred due to high diesel yield.

scholarly journals Assessing biodiesel quality parameters for wastewater grown Chlorella sp.

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samadhan Yuvraj Bagul ◽  
Randhir K. Bharti ◽  
Dolly Wattal Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Chlorella Sp

Microalgae are reported as the efficient source of renewable biodiesel which should be able to meet the global demand of transport fuels. Present study is focused on assessment of wastewater grown indigenous microalga Chlorella sp. for fuel quality parameters. This was successfully grown in secondary treated waste water diluted with tap water (25% dilution) in glass house. The microalga showed a dry weight of 0.849 g L−1 with lipid content of 27.1% on dry weight basis on 21st day of incubation. After transesterification, the yield of fatty acid methyl ester was 80.64% with major fatty acids as palmitic, linoleic, oleic and linolenic. The physical parameters predicted from empirical equations in the biodiesel showed cetane number as 56.5, iodine value of 75.5 g I2 100 g−1, high heating value 40.1 MJ kg−1, flash point 135 °C, kinematic viscosity 4.05 mm2 s−1 with density of 0.86 g cm3 and cold filter plugging point as 0.7 °C. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), 1H, 13C NMR spectrum confirmed the chemical nature of biodiesel. The results indicated that the quality of biodiesel was almost as per the criterion of ASTM standards; hence, wastewater grown Chlorella sp. can be used as a promising strain for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals New engine method for biodiesel cetane number testing

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radivoje Pesic ◽  
Aleksandar Davinic ◽  
Stevan Veinovic
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Working Parameters ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels ◽  
Engine Method

Substitution of fossil fuels with fuels that come from part renewable sources has been a subject of many studies and researches in the past decade. Considering the higher cost and limits of production resources, a special attention is focused on raising the energy efficiency of biofuel usage, mainly through optimization of the combustion process. Consequently, in biofuel applications, there is a need for determination of auto-ignition quality expressed by cetane number as a dominant characteristic that influences combustion parameters. The fact that the method for cetane number determination is comparative in nature has led us to try to develop substitute engine method for cetane number determination, by the use of the available laboratory equipment and serial, mono-cylinder engine with direct injection, DMB LDA 450. Description of the method, results of optimization of engine?s working parameters for conduction of the test and method?s Accuracy estimation are given in the paper. The paper also presents the results of domestic biodiesel fuels cetane number testing with the application of described engine method, developed at the Laboratory for internal combustion engines and fuels and lubricants of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering from Kragujevac, Serbia.

scholarly journals Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil as a Fuel from Waste Materials

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Zeman ◽  
Vladimír Hönig ◽  
Martin Kotek ◽  
Jan Táborský ◽  
Michal Obergruber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Winter Time ◽  
Cold Starts

Biofuels have become an integral part of everyday life in modern society. Bioethanol and fatty acid methyl esters are a common part of both the production of gasoline and diesel fuels. Also, pressure on replacing fossil fuels with bio-components is constantly growing. Waste vegetable fats can replace biodiesel. Hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) seems to be a better alternative. This fuel has a higher oxidation stability for storage purposes, a lower temperature of loss of filterability for the winter time, a lower boiling point for cold starts, and more. Viscosity, density, cold filter plugging point of fuel blend, and flash point have been measured to confirm that a fuel from HVO is so close to a fuel standard that it is possible to use it in engines without modification. The objective of this article is to show the properties of different fuels with and without HVO admixtures and to prove the suitability of using HVO compared to FAME. HVO can also be prepared from waste materials, and no major modifications of existing refinery facilities are required. No technology in either investment or engine adaptation of fuel oils is needed in fuel processing.

Impact of a trigeneration power system fuelled by vegetable oil on environmental air pollution by numerical simulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1200-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Iodice ◽  
Massimo Cardone
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power System ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
The Impact

In the most recent years, renewable sources are becoming increasingly crucial owing to both the stocks of fossil fuels being depleted and environmental problems around the globe. This study describes the environmental assessment of thermal power plant-based trigeneration systems fuelled by renewable energy sources for district heating/cooling system. First, the paper examines the thermal and refrigeration requests of a possible new urban area with electricity, cooling and heating provided by a new trigeneration power system; this study is performed considering a trigeneration plant based on the internal combustion engines fuelled by renewable vegetable oil. Subsequently, a numerical assessment is achieved in order to evaluate the environmental impact on the neighboring area of the trigeneration system. The results of these numerical simulations show that the impact of this power plant on air quality state is not significant in this area. As a result, this kind of trigeneration power system can significantly support the cause of sustainable development and energy efficiency.

Impact of storage on the physico-chemical properties of microparticles comprising a hydrogenated vegetable oil matrix and different essential oil concentrations

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Gottschalk ◽  
Benjamin Brodesser ◽  
Denis Poncelet ◽  
Henry Jaeger ◽  
Harald Rennhofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil

Evaluation of Spray Performance of Pyrolysis Oil

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangsig Yun ◽  
Minji Choi ◽  
Ashwani Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Cheap Alternative ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Pyrolysis Oils

Abstract Pyrolysis oil has become an important subject of research as it is considered to be a potential environmentally friendly and cheap alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Unfortunately, due to the significant differences of the chemical and physical properties of pyrolysis oil than that of fossil fuels, the deployment of pyrolysis oil in existing power systems such as gas turbines and internal combustion engines has been highly restricted. Thus, major research on pyrolysis oil has been conducted to overcome these challenges related to the unfavorable physical and chemical properties of pyrolysis oil. This paper reports experimental work on the effects of physical properties of the pyrolysis oil on spray performance of nozzles. Effort to evaluate the spray performance by using different types of atomizers has been made as well. Laser based diagnostics was applied to obtain qualitative comparisons spray characteristics of various pyrolysis oils. Experimental data such as the distribution of fuel droplet sizes and overall spray shapes was analyzed, which could provide valuable guidelines to design fuel nozzles. Lastly, the paper will also present NRC’s plans to accelerate the deployment of such pyrolysis oils in industrial gas turbines.

Research on the Correlation between Biodiesel's Composition and Physical & Chemical Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Dong Bo Yang ◽  
Xing Kai Meng ◽  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Jing Jing Tian
Keyword(s):  
Cetane Number ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Biodiesel's composition has a significant effect on biodiesel’s main physical and chemical properties. Through the test and analysis of the composition and the physical & chemical properties of 5 types of biodiesel, this paper uses linear regression model and least square method to conduct a research on the correlation between biodiesel's physical and chemical properties such as density, cold filter plugging point (CFPP), cetane number and kinematic viscosity, biodiesel's FAME content and the number of double bonds in its UFAME, and establishes correlation functions for relevant indexes, providing a theoretical basis for rapid test of biodiesel’s physico-chemical performance index.

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