scholarly journals Assessing biodiesel quality parameters for wastewater grown Chlorella sp.

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samadhan Yuvraj Bagul ◽  
Randhir K. Bharti ◽  
Dolly Wattal Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Chlorella Sp

Microalgae are reported as the efficient source of renewable biodiesel which should be able to meet the global demand of transport fuels. Present study is focused on assessment of wastewater grown indigenous microalga Chlorella sp. for fuel quality parameters. This was successfully grown in secondary treated waste water diluted with tap water (25% dilution) in glass house. The microalga showed a dry weight of 0.849 g L−1 with lipid content of 27.1% on dry weight basis on 21st day of incubation. After transesterification, the yield of fatty acid methyl ester was 80.64% with major fatty acids as palmitic, linoleic, oleic and linolenic. The physical parameters predicted from empirical equations in the biodiesel showed cetane number as 56.5, iodine value of 75.5 g I2 100 g−1, high heating value 40.1 MJ kg−1, flash point 135 °C, kinematic viscosity 4.05 mm2 s−1 with density of 0.86 g cm3 and cold filter plugging point as 0.7 °C. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), 1H, 13C NMR spectrum confirmed the chemical nature of biodiesel. The results indicated that the quality of biodiesel was almost as per the criterion of ASTM standards; hence, wastewater grown Chlorella sp. can be used as a promising strain for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Potential Applications of Native Cyanobacterium Isolate (Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003) for Biodiesel Production and Utilization of Its Byproduct in Marine Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Zaki ◽  
Mohamed Ashour ◽  
Ahmed M. M. Heneash ◽  
Mohamed M. Mabrouk ◽  
Ahmed E. Alprol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachionus Plicatilis ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Rotifer Brachionus Plicatilis

To achieve strong, successful and commercial aqua-biotechnological microalgae applications, screening, isolation, molecular identification, and physiological characterizations are needed. In the current study, a native cyanobacteria strain Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003 was isolated from the surface water of El-Khadra Lake, a saline-alkaline lake located in Wadi El-Natrun, Egypt. The cyanobacterium was phylogenetically identified by 16S rRNA molecular marker and deposited in the GenBank database (accession number MW396472). The late exponential phase of A. platensis NIOF17/003 was reached at the 8th day of growth using Zarrouk medium, with a recorded dry weight (DW) of 0.845 g L−1. The isolated strain showed 52% of protein, 14% of carbohydrate, biomass productivity of 143.83 mg L−1 day−1, 8.5% of lipid, and lipid productivity of 14.37 mg L−1 day−1. In general, the values of cetane number, iodine value, cold filter plugging point (52.9, 85.5 g I2/100 g oil, and −2.2 °C, respectively) of the isolated fatty acid methyl esters are in accordance with those suggested by international standards. Besides, applying algal-free lipid (FL) as biodiesel byproduct in the production of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) revealed that a 0.6 g L−1 FL significantly increased the rotifer population females carrying eggs, confirming that FL can be used efficiently for B. plicatilis production. The current study concluded that the new isolate A. platensis NIOF17/003 is a promising strain for double sustainable use in biodiesel production and aquaculture feed.

scholarly journals Primitive techno-economic study of bio-diesel and bio-active compound production from microalgae

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayeda M. Abdo ◽  
Guzine I. El Diwani ◽  
Kamel M. El-Khatib ◽  
Sanaa A. Abo El-Enin ◽  
Mohammed I. El-Galad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Compound ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Microscopical Examination

Abstract Background Microalgae cells can be identified as a potential source for new and renewable energy. The economic investigation for biodiesel and bio-active compound production from the microalgae community (Bloom), which are collected from the high rate algal pond (HRAP) constructed to treat municipal wastewater at Zenin wastewater treatment plant, Giza, was the main target of study. Results The microscopical examination showed that Scenedesmus obliquus is the dominant species. The total carotenoids were extracted using jojoba oil and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to reach 81.44 μg/g. The biodiesel production through acid transesterification reaction recorded 70.6% of fatty acid methyl ester content with high cetane number (44) and low acid value. Such results prove that the obtained biodiesel has better ignition quality. The total phenolic and flavonoid compounds have been derived from the remaining biomass to give 5.36 ± 0.03 and 1.50 ± 0.19 mg/g respectively. Finally, total proteins and carbohydrates content in algal cells were recorded 54.3 and 1.5 mg/g successively Conclusion The preliminary economic evaluation showed that the production of biodiesel and carotenoids from the microalgae growing in municipal wastewater can be considered, as a techno-economic feasible process.

scholarly journals RAPE SEED OIL TETRAHYDROFURFURYLESTERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
K. Malins ◽  
V. Kampars ◽  
R. Kampare ◽  
T. Rusakova
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Mineral Oils

The transesterification of vegetable oil using various kinds of alcohols is a simple and efficient renewable fuel synthesis technique. Products obtained by modifying natural triglycerides in transesterification reaction substitute fossil fuels and mineral oils. Currently the most significant is the biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters, which is obtained in a reaction with methanol, which in turn is obtained from fossil raw materials. In biodiesel production it would be more appropriate to use alcohols which can be obtained from renewable local raw materials. Ethanol rouses interest as a possible reagent, however, its production locally is based on the use of grain and therefore competes with food production so it would implicitly cause increase in food prices. Another raw material option is alcohols that can be obtained from furfurole. Furfurole is obtained in dehydration process from pentose sugars which can be extracted from crop straw, husk and other residues of agricultural production. From furfurole the tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA), a raw material for biodiesel, can be produced. By transesterifying rapeseed oil with THFA it would be possible to obtain completely renewable biodiesel with properties very close to diesel [2-4]. With the purpose of developing the synthesis of such fuel, in this work a three-stage synthesis of rapeseed oil tetrahydrofurfurylesters (ROTHFE) in sulphuric acid presence has been performed, achieving product with purity over 98%. The most important qualitative factors of ROTHFE have been determined - cold filter plugging point, cetane number, water content, Iodine value, phosphorus content, density, viscosity and oxidative stability.

scholarly journals Improvement of Chemical Composition of Tisochrysis lutea Grown Mixotrophically under Nitrogen Depletion towards Biodiesel Production

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4609
Author(s):  
Adel W. Almutairi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Nitrogen Depletion ◽  
Tisochrysis Lutea ◽  
The Impact

In the present study, the marine microalga Tisochrysis lutea was cultivated mixotrophically in F2 growth medium with sodium acetate as exogenous carbon source. The medium was composed of different concentrations of nitrogen to determine the impact of nitrogen depletion on cellular growth and chemical composition. Nitrogen depletion led to severely decreased growth and protein content. However, mild nitrogen depletion (0.22 mM NaNO3) led to maximum lipid yield. The fatty acid methyl ester profile also showed increased unsaturation as the nitrogen content decreased. Growth in nitrogen-free medium increased the proportions of mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, while the proportion of saturated fatty acids decreased. Growth under all tested nitrogen levels showed undetectable fatty acids with ≥4 double bonds, indicating these fatty acids had oxidative stability. In addition, all tested nitrogen concentrations led to specific gravity, kinematic viscosity, iodine value, and cetane number that meet the standards for Europe and the U.S.A. However, growth in the presence of nitrogen deficiency enhanced the higher heating value of the resulting biodiesel, a clear advantage from the perspective of energy efficiency. Thus, mixotrophic cultivation of T. lutea with nitrogen limitation provides a promising approach to achieve high lipid productivity and production of high-quality biodiesel.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Concentration on the Alkalophilic Microalga Nitzschia sp. NW129-a Promising Feedstock for the Integrated Production of Lipids and Fucoxanthin in Biorefinery

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihao Cao ◽  
Xiaotong Shen ◽  
Xujing Wang ◽  
Baohua Zhu ◽  
Kehou Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point

Microalgae are considered promising resources for producing a variety of high-value-added products, especially for lipids and pigments. Alkalophilic microalgae have more advantages than other microalgae when cultured outdoors on a large scale. The present study investigated the comprehensive effects of different nitrogen concentrations on fucoxanthin (Fx), lipids accumulation and the fatty acid profile of the alkaliphilic microalgae Nitzschia sp. NW129 to evaluate the potential for simultaneous production of Fx and biofuels. Fx and Lipids amassed in a coordinated growth-dependent manner in response to various concentrations, reaching 18.18 mg g–1 and 40.67% dry weight (DW), respectively. The biomass of Nitzschia sp. NW129 was 0.58 ± 0.02 g L–1 in the medium at the concentration of 117.65 mM. The highest productivities of Fx (1.44 mg L–1 d–1) and lipid (19.95 ± 1.29 mg L–1 d–1) were obtained concurrently at this concentration. Furthermore, the fatty acid methyl esters revealed excellent biofuel properties with an appropriate value of the degree unsaturation (49.97), cetane number (62.72), and cold filter plugging point (2.37), which met the European standards for biofuel production (EN14214). These results provided a reliable strategy for further industrialization and comprehensive production of biofuel and Fx by using the alkaliphilic microalgal Nitzschia sp. NW129.

scholarly journals Production and Evaluation of Fractionated Tamarind Seed Oil Methyl Esters as a New Source of Biodiesel

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7148
Author(s):  
Ayesha Mushtaq ◽  
Muhammad Asif Hanif ◽  
Muhammad Zahid ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Zahid Mushtaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Tamarind Seed

Biodiesel has attracted considerable interest as an alternative biofuel due to its many advantages over conventional petroleum diesel such as inherent lubricity, low toxicity, renewable raw materials, biodegradability, superior flash point, and low carbon footprint. However, high production costs, poor low temperature operability, variability of fuel quality from different feedstocks, and low storage stability negatively impact more widespread adoption. In order to reduce production costs, inexpensive inedible oilseed alternatives are needed for biodiesel production. This study utilized inedible tamarind (Tamarind indica) seed oil as an alternative biodiesel feedstock, which contained linoleic (31.8%), oleic (17.1%), and lauric (12.0%) acids as the primary fatty acids. A simple and cost-effective high vacuum fractional distillation (HVFD) methodology was used to separate the oil into three fractions (F1, F2, and F3). Subsequent transesterification utilizing basic, acidic, and enzymatic catalysis produced biodiesel of consistent quality and overcame the problem of low temperature biodiesel performance. The most desirable biodiesel with regard to low temperature operability was produced from fractions F2 and F3, which were enriched in unsaturated fatty acids relative to tamarind seed oil. Other properties such as density and cetane number were within the limits specified in the American and European biodiesel standards.

Mungongo Seeds Oil (Schinziophyton rautanenii) as a Potential Source of Bio-Diesel

2014 ◽  
Vol 472 ◽  
pp. 780-784
Author(s):  
Thomas Kivevele ◽  
Zhongie Huan
Keyword(s):  
Cetane Number ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Biodiesel Standards ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Total Glycerol ◽  
Astm D6751

Biodiesel from mungongo seeds oil (Schinziophyton rautanenii) was investigated in the present study to determine its suitability for use as substitute of petro diesel. The fuel properties of Mungongo Oil Methyl ester (MOME) such as cetane number, kinematic viscosity, oxidative stability, lubricity, cloud point, pour point, cold filter plugging point, flash point, acid value, density, higher heating value, free and total glycerol were determined and compared with global biodiesel standards such as ASTM 6751 and EN 14214. Most of the determined fuel related properties of MOME fulfilled the minimum requirements of ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 biodiesel standards except oxidation stability. The stability of biodiesel is very critical and biodiesel requires antioxidant to meet storage requirements and to ensure fuel quality at all points along the distribution chain. Therefore, three antioxidants; 1, 2, 3 tri-hydroxy benzene (Pyrogallol, PY), 3, 4, 5-tri hydroxy benzoic acid (Propyl Gallate, PG) and 2-tert butyl-4-methoxy phenol (Butylated Hydroxyanisole, BHA) were investigated. The result showed that, PY and PG were more effective antioxidants than BHA.

Significant Seed Oil Feedstocks for Renewable Production of Biodiesel: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 1509-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Muhammad Ikram ◽  
Muhammad Asif Hanif ◽  
Ghufrana Samin Khan ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Farwa Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
Full Life Cycle

: The rapidly increasing demand for biodiesel is now tying agriculture and energy more closely than ever. Biodiesel may be one of the key ways to pump immediate life into the flaccid economy of many underdeveloped countries. The present review critically describes leading potential feedstocks available for biodiesel production based on a full life-cycle analysis which comprises major producer countries, important cultivation practices and major fatty acid compositions of the produced biodiesel. This article provides a comprehensive approach about the twenty leading plant sources which can contribute to enhance biodiesel production throughout the world along with their production methodologies, physical and chemical fuel quality parameters and analytical techniques for the assessment of the quality of the prepared biodiesel. Biodiesel has become further interesting in recent years because of its eco-friendly benefits and the fact that it is made from renewable and sustainable resources. A wide literature review was conducted and the major fatty acid composition of various vegetable oils was discussed as it significantly affects biodiesel properties. Lipids obtained from filamentous fungi, for example, Cunninghamella echinulata exhibit great promise for biofuel production. Finally, this review will be helpful in promoting the development of biodiesel by several countries not only by extending scientific research and knowledge but also through the introduction of policies and expressing reasons underlying these policies. Conclusion: This review explains the potential feedstocks for renewable production of biodiesel.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the reaction conditions in the transesterification of canola oil for biodiesel production

Engevista ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Sílvio Miguel Parmegiani Marcucci ◽  
Carina Akemi Araki ◽  
Renata Teresinha Kiffer ◽  
Murilo Pereira Moisés ◽  
Pedro Augusto Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Canola Oil ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Acid Esters

The development of renewable fuels has received great attention in recent years. Fatty acid esters, known as biodiesel, are promising for partially or total diesel replacement. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the reaction conditions of transesterification of refined canola oil and a quality of biodiesel produced. The influence of the different alkaline catalysts, the catalyst amount, stirring speed, molar ratio of oil:alcohol and the alcohol type were assessed. The ester yield in the best reaction conditions were 96.1 ± 1.26% for ethanol and 95.32 ± 2.68% for methanol. The biodiesel produced was analyzed according to the ANP (Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás Natual e Biodiesel) quality norms. The esters showed good quality in relation to the cold filter plugging point, oxidation stability and the cetane number.

scholarly journals Fuel Properties of Butanol – Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil Blends as a Diesel Extender Option for Internal Combustion Engines

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Máté Zöldy
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil

European legislation and new engine technologies require better quality in fuels, and the diesel scandal pushes engine and fuel developers to investigate new solutions. The decrease of fossil energy sources and the new, stricter emission regulations necessitate the discovery of renewable sources. Biofuels are an obvious solution to replace fossil fuels in a more environmentally conscious way. This study presents a new approach with the analytical investigation of butanol, hydrogenated vegetable oil, and diesel oil blends.In the presented phase of the research, our focus was on the most application- critical chemical properties of the fuels, to analyze if the three component blends are suitable for compression ignition engines. A wide-ranging chemical-analytical test plan was prepared with nearly 20 parameters measured of the chemical and physical parameters of blends, especially regarding flash point, cetane number, viscosity and cold filter plugging point (CFPP).The findings prove that from an engine-critical characteristics point of view butanol – hydrogenated vegetable oil – diesel blends are a potential solution, as HVO and butanol counterbalance its critical parameters.

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