scholarly journals ACCOUNTING AND TAX ASPECTS OF COLLECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL TAX

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borys Zanko
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Environmental Taxation ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the main aspects of collecting environmental tax. Collection of environmental taxes is one of the means that can restrain the process of deteriorating environmental conditions, and in some cases improve the environmental situation. The article also examines the impact of environmental taxation on improving the environmental situation. The role of the environmental tax at financing of nature protection measures is considered. There are critical remarks of some scientists who point out that the availability of revenues from the environmental tax is not a guarantee of sufficient funding for environmental measures. Attention is paid to the risks of environmental taxation, which are associated with reduced solvency and financial stability of environmental taxpayers who pollute the environment. The classification of environmental taxes is considered, which is built depending on the purposes for which the amounts received as a result of taxation are directed. The essence of the environmental tax levied in Ukraine is investigated. The article analyzes the norms of the Tax Code of Ukraine, which regulate the object of taxation with an environmental tax. Factors influencing the amount of environmental tax to be paid to the budget are studied. First of all, these are the factors that lead to an increase in the tax base. In addition, higher environmental tax rates, which are set by the Tax Code of Ukraine for more hazardous pollutants, also affect the amount of environmental tax to be paid to the budget. The amount of environmental tax paid to the budget is also increased by special coefficients used in calculating the tax liability. It is proposed to apply tax benefits related to the construction of treatment facilities and the installation of treatment equipment when collecting environmental tax. The essence of the proposed environmental tax benefits is that the environmental taxpayer will be able to reduce part of the tax liability. This reduction is carried out by the amount of depreciation of fixed assets, which directly carry out the treatment of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere, discharges of pollutants into water bodies, etc. Some aspects of environmental tax accounting are considered.

Comparison of Environmental Tax Systems of China and the United States and the Enlightenments

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950008
Author(s):  
Yunfeng YAN ◽  
Ran WANG ◽  
Qingwen FAN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Taxation ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Taxation System

Environmental taxes are an important means of achieving green development. By referring to the statistical coverage of environmental taxes by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), this paper analyzed the scale, changing tendency, income structure and stringency of environmental taxes in China and the United States, and compared the basic environmental taxation elements of the two countries. The findings show that in terms of absolute amount, China’s environmental tax revenues were much higher than those of the United States; in terms of relative amount, the proportions of environmental taxes in China’s tax revenue and in GDP also surpassed those of the United States. Besides, in 2010, the Environmental Policy Stringency (EPS) Index in China also exceeded that of the United States, indicating that China’s taxation frame has been further developed towards a greener one; but China’s environmental taxation still faces problems such as improper tax system and imperfect design of taxation elements. The authors suggest that it is necessary to deepen the reform of the top-level design of environmental taxes, scientifically determine taxation elements and taxation structure, and establish an extensive environmental taxation system.

scholarly journals MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TAX ECONOMIC REFORMS IN EU COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
I. Marekha ◽  
V. Myrhorodska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The article substantiates the necessity to introduce systematic and effective tax eco-reforms in the context of resource-oriented economic development by the European Union countries. The performance and effectiveness of the reforms are estimated in relation to the main four groups of environmental taxes: energy taxes, pollution taxes, resource taxes and transport taxes. The macroecological policy of the European Union countries is the object of the undertaken analysis. The article examines the impact of macroeconomic factors on environmental taxes across the EU, using a correlation analysis toolkit. Four groups of macroeconomic parameters were selected for analysis: internal macroeconomic factors (nominal GDP, real GDP, inflation, business cycle stage, budget deficit, energy consumption level); external macroeconomic factors (government debt, exports, foreign direct investments); institutional macroparameters (environmental culture, shadow economy, trust in government) and fiscal macroparameters (tax culture and fiscal freedom). The economic interpretation of the obtained correlates is given. Based on the correlation analysis, stimulators and de-stimulators of tax environmental reforms across the EU were identified. It is established that the factors that positively influence on the tax environmental reforms are the overwhelming majority of the analyzed factors. The formation of indicators of the effectiveness of tax environmental reforms is undertaken for six countries of the Community. In particular, the analysis covers three economic leaders (Germany, the United Kingdom and France) and three leading EU countries in the field of environmental tax collection (Latvia, Greece and Slovenia). The article presents approaches to improving the assessment of the effectiveness of tax environmental reforms based on the consideration of fiscal (budget-filling) and reproductive (multiplicative) functions of environmental taxes. In this regard, the environmental tax multiplier and accelerator, as well as the GDP elasticity coefficient for environmental taxes, were calculated for the analyzed group of countries. The criteria of economic efficiency of tax eco-reforms are proposed. Keywords: environmental taxes, macroeconomic effect, macro-environmental policy, multiplier, accelerator, elasticity

scholarly journals ACCOUNTING AND TAX ASPECTS OF COLLECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL TAX

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borys Zanko
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Environmental Taxation ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
State Tax ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Waste Accumulation

The article examines the actual topic of collecting environmental tax on waste disposal. As enterprises of different sectors of the economy work to meet the diverse needs of the population of our planet, this leads to the formation of a huge amount of waste that needs to be disposed of. The means that can somewhat restrain the process of waste accumulation and environmental degradation is the collection of environmental tax. The views of various scientists on the impact of environmental taxation on the incentives of environmental taxpayers to use the latest waste-free technologies and make environmentally constructive changes in production technology are considered. Factors that negatively affect environmental pollution during waste disposal and coefficients used in calculating the environmental tax are considered. For example, if the waste is placed within a settlement or at a distance of less than 3 kilometers from such boundaries, the coefficient used in calculating the environmental tax is 3. Situations when economic entities are payers of the environmental tax on waste disposal are considered. The definition of the term "waste disposal" is investigated. Attention is drawn to the fact that according to the tax legislation, waste disposal is considered to be exclusively permanent (final) stay or disposal of waste in places that are specially designated for this purpose, or at facilities (storage facilities, landfills, etc.). The use of such sites or facilities must be authorized by the authorities. If economic entities carry out only temporary disposal of waste, then such economic entities are not payers of environmental tax. However, representatives of the state tax service sometimes provide clarification that businesses that have only temporarily disposed of waste must also pay an environmental tax, as stated in these explanations. Given this, the article proposes amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine, aimed at protecting the interests of those businesses that only temporarily dispose of waste. Some aspects of environmental tax accounting are considered.

INTERBUDGETARY TRANSFERS AND TAX BENEFITS AS TOOLS TO PROVIDE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
E. A. ZAITSEVA ◽  
◽  
N. P. MELNIKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The Impact

The subject of this study is to analyze the impact of interbudgetary transfers and tax incentives on strengthening the financial stability of regions, as well as on the formation of the dependent sentiments of regional authorities as a barrier to the socio-economic development of regions. The aim of the study is to substantiate the possibilities for regions with high and low budgetary stability of combining interbudgetary transfers as a way to cover current expenditures of regional budgets and to provide tax benefits as a tool to expand the tax base of regions. In the course of the study, general methods of cognition (deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, description and generalization) and private scientific methods of cognition (comparison method, tabular and graphical methods of data presentation) were used. Improving the system of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of regional tax incentives will allow monitoring the activities of regions to increase the financial stability of requests for transfers from the higher budget. Currently, in the Russian Federation, interbudgetary transfers have become an integral part of budgetary relationships. The analysis of the financial stability of all 85 subjects showed that the regions cannot fulfill their current expenditure obligations only at the expense of their own revenues. The overwhelming majority of the subjects of the Federation need to increase their financial independence. Subsidies as a type of interbudgetary transfers can lead to dependent sentiments of regional authorities. Regional tax policy based on the use of regional tax incentives helps to strengthen the tax base in the region and increase financial stability. Subsidies as a type of interbudgetary transfers carry a latent threat to the formation of the dependent sentiments of regional authorities. The way to reduce this threat is to develop a system of effective tax incentives to stimulate the socio-economic growth of the regions. The results obtained can be taken into account in the activities of the Ministry of Finance of Russia when developing the main directions of fiscal policy.

scholarly journals Can Environmental Tax Policy Really Help to Reduce Pollutant Emissions? An Empirical Study of a Panel ARDL Model Based on OECD Countries and China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinglin He ◽  
Jing Ning ◽  
Zhongfu Yu ◽  
Hao Xiong ◽  
Huayu Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Distributed Lag

Under the background that environmental tax has increasingly become the main means of environmental governance in various countries, it is particularly important to study the effect of environmental tax on reducing pollutants and then put forward suggestions for building a scientific and rational environmental tax system. The novelty of this paper is the investigation of the pollutant emission reduction effects of environmental taxes in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries and Chinese provinces at the same time, and further comparison of the pollutant emission reduction effects of environmental taxes in OECD and China under different environmental tax collection scales, industrial added value levels, and economic development conditions based on Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Modelling Approach (ARDL). The data are derived from environmental taxes and pollutants of OECD countries from 1994 to 2016 and Chinese provinces from 2004 to 2016. The results show that from the overall regression results, environmental taxes really help to reduce pollutant emissions, both in OECD countries and China. From the grouping regression results, the OECD countries and Chinese inland provinces with small-scale or medium-level of environmental tax revenue and higher level of economic growth all show better emission reduction effects, while OECD countries with low industrial added value and Chinese inland provinces with high industrial added value have more significant effects on pollutant emission reduction via environmental taxes.

scholarly journals Environmental Taxes as a Fiscal Policy Instrument: The Case of the Baltic States

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilal Görkem
Keyword(s):  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Environmental Taxation ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Energy Taxes ◽  
The Baltic

The aim of this study is to evaluate environmental taxation in the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania). First, environmental policies and environmental tax reforms of these countries will be generally overviewed. After addressing the legal regulations related environmental taxation, the composition of environmental taxes, the share of environmental taxes in total tax revenue and GDP will be put forward. In the light of these indicators, the situation of the Baltic countries in EU will be assessed. The reports of the European Commission, Eurostat database, and OECD Database on instruments used for environmental policy are the main data sources used in the study. According to Eurostat data for 2014, energy taxes take the largest share from environmental taxes in EU. While Lithuania has the highest share of energy taxes (93,78%) in EU, Estonia has the lowest share of transport taxes (2,12%). Latvia ranks fifth in terms of the share of environmental taxes in total tax revenue (9.16%). Estonia is among in top ten countries with a share of 8,22%. The share of Lithuania (6.06%) remains slightly below average.

Research on Environmental Tax to Affect the Economic Development and GHG Mitigation in Beijing, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 1871-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zou ◽  
Jun Nian Song ◽  
Takeshi Mizunoya ◽  
Helmut Yabar ◽  
Yoshiro Higano
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Emissions Mitigation ◽  
The Impact

As the most industrialized and urbanized region, Beijing plays as a demonstration role to show the impact of environmental policies on the economy development and GHG mitigation. In this paper, we constructed a dynamic input-output model introducing the different levels of environmental taxes. It not only can choose the optimal tax level, explore the relationships between economy and environment, but also can analyze the future trends of the economy and GHG intensity from 2010 to 2025. The objective function is the maximized GRP, subject to GHG emissions constraint and a series of subjective functions. The simulation results illustrated that with the GHG emissions constraint as 1.5 times of the 2010 level, carbon tax as 50 CNY/t CO2-e is effective to promote the economic development and GHG emissions mitigation. Annual growth rate of GRP can be up to 6.1%. The economic growth rate increases 0.3% compared with the condition when not introducing the policies. In 2025, the GHG intensity will be 43.5 t CO2-e/million CNY, 38.8% reduced compared with the 2010 level. This research proves that the proposed environmental tax is effective to promote the economic development and GHG mitigation.

scholarly journals European Green Deal: Environmental Taxation and Its Sustainability in Conditions of High Levels of Corruption

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1981
Author(s):  
Igor Kotlán ◽  
Daniel Němec ◽  
Eva Kotlánová ◽  
Petr Skalka ◽  
Rudolf Macek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Environmental Taxation ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Dynamic Stochastic ◽  
The Impact

Despite environmental taxation’s presumed advantages for long-term sustainable development goals, the problematic institutional conditions associated with high levels of corruption could become a significant obstacle undermining these efforts. Taking the example of the Czech Republic as a benchmark, the aim of this article is to evaluate the impact of corruption and its implications on the size of the official and the shadow economy in the sector burdened with environmental excise tax while confronting it with the sector not burdened with such tax. In terms of methodology, an extended DSGE (Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium) model has been used. In the case of the shadow economy, the two sectors, burdened and not burdened with environmental taxes, followed a similar trend. However, concerning the official economy, this research found out that if environmental taxation is not applied, then lower, non-systemic corruption has a positive effect on the size of production as the effect of increased workforce motivation clearly dominates, suppressing the effect of reduced capital accumulation. Conversely, in the sector burdened with environmental taxation, corruption has an almost unequivocally negative effect on the production economy. In this sense, corruption has the capacity to limit the implementation of sustainable development policies including the European Green Deal, especially if it is systemic in nature.

scholarly journals Eco-innovation vs. environmental taxation: what is more effective for state budget?

2021 ◽  
pp. 312-323
Author(s):  
Yegana Hakimova ◽  
Yaryna Samusevych ◽  
Shahla Alijanova ◽  
Esmira Guluzade
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Taxation ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the use of environmental taxes and the introduction of environmental innovations in terms of impact on the parameters of revenues and expenditures of the state budget. The study includes 10 countries of Central and Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Slovak Republic). The analysis period covers 2010–2019. Systematization of scientific research proves the importance of using different tools to ensure sustainable development and greening of the national economy. The main purpose of the study is to determine a more effective form of interaction between government and business in the process of transforming the national economy in the direction of more environmentally friendly products and technologies by economic and mathematical modeling of environmental taxes and eco-innovation impact of budget revenues and expenditures. The calculations consist on the several stages: 1) determining the list of relevant control variables using correlation analysis, which eliminates the problem of multicollinearity; 2) determination of the model specification (fixed or random effects) using the Hausman test; 3) identification of the generalizing effects of the impact of environmental taxation and the eco-innovation index on the indicators of budget revenues and expenditures using a generalized least squares panel regression model with random effects; 4) study of the impact of the main components of environmental taxes and components of the eco-innovation index on the parameters of the state budget using panel regression modelling; 5) determination of short-term and long-term effects of the impact of environmental taxes and eco-innovations on the parameters of budget revenues and expenditures bt auto-regression distributive lag modelling. Stata 12/SE software tools were used for calculations. The study indicates the need to transform approaches to the implementation of state environmental policy. Thus, it has been proven that government incentives for the introduction of environmental innovations in the economy can be more effective than increasing the burden of environmental taxes.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TAXATION PARAMETERS ON THE INDICATORS OF SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Я.В. Самусевич ◽  
М.В. Солодуха
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Environmental Taxation ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Ecosystem Protection ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to the study of the preconditions and peculiarities of the application of environmental taxation instruments for the implementation of the concept of “green” economy in the world. An analysis of world researches on the impact of environmental taxes on the indicators of sustainable development and socio-economic status has been conducted. Based on the analytical tools, a panel regression analysis of environmental taxation effects has been performed. The results of the assessment of the relationship between these indicators and the parameters of sustainable development should be the basis for the development of environmental policy aimed at reducing the burden on the environment and targeted funding for ecosystem protection. Prospects for further work are to develop guidelines for the formation of mechanisms for financial support of environmental activities and study the effectiveness of environmental and economic instruments of taxation.

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