Modelli economici di allocazione delle risorse idriche: l'analisi del mercato cileno dei water rights

2009 ◽  
pp. 37-68
Author(s):  
Chiara Redaelli
Keyword(s):  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Efficient Allocation ◽  
Tradeable Permits ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
The Many ◽  
Jel Classifications

Market instruments have been often proposed with the aim of improving the efficient allocation of use rights over natural resources. This article analyzes the potential of market mechanisms in the field of water resources and focuses attention on the experience of Chile, one of the few cases in which water markets have been implemented on a wide scale. Evidence from the Chilean case is discussed in order to verify theoretical hypotheses and to outline the potential benefits but also the many drawbacks of these instruments.Key words: Water policy, water markets, tradeable permits.JEL classifications: Q25, Q58.Parole chiave: Risorse idriche, mercati ambientali, permessi trasferibili.

The development of water markets in China: progress, peril, and prospects

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Agricultural Structure ◽  
The Status ◽  
Proper Design

This article employs the case of China to address questions concerning the proper design and implementation of Water Rights Trading (WRT) and its applicability in developing countries. The article relies on key-informant interviews and Chinese-language sources to explain the development of China's water markets to date, and to assess their future prospects for expansion. The article proceeds in three parts. First, it identifies three distinctive features of water policy in China that limit the applicability of market-based responses to water scarcity: a legacy of administrative control over water, a distinctive agricultural structure and politics, and central–local tensions and conflicts. Second, it surveys the status of current WRT projects in China, highlighting their limited scope by examining three case studies. Finally, the article identifies specific issues that must be addressed to further develop Chinese water markets. The article argues that water markets have an important but only partial role in meeting China's water resource challenges. Scholars interested in the design and implementation of water markets in developing countries should pay greater attention to such fundamental features of governance and water resource management, and the prospect of integrating market mechanisms with administrative and supply-augmentation approaches.

scholarly journals Understanding the emergence of water market institutions: learning from functioning water markets in three countries

Water Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1075-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Velloso Breviglieri ◽  
Guarany Ipê do Sol Osório ◽  
Jose A. Puppim de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Water Market ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Management Of Resources ◽  
The Usa

AbstractMarkets for managing natural resources have existed for many decades and have gradually made their way into the mix of discourses on water policy. However, there are not many established water markets functioning worldwide and little understanding about how and why water markets emerge as allocating institutions. In order to understand the dynamics of the evolution of water markets, the experiences of selected cases with relatively mature water market systems were analyzed, namely: the Murray–Darling Basin in Australia; the Colorado-Big Thompson Project and the transfers between the Palo Verde and Metropolitan Water Districts in the USA; and Spain. We found that formal markets emerged in water scarcity situations where water rights already existed and were sometimes exchanged informally. Water markets have not always moved to reduce transaction costs, as some of those costs were necessary to achieve societal goals beyond economic efficiency. There is a significant difference between the idea of water markets as proposed by economic theory and actual practice in the water sector. As institutions, markets are humanly devised rules embedded in a social and political context and do not always lead to efficient or effective solutions for the management of resources.

An analysis and proposal to improve water rights transfers on the Mexican Conchos Basin

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús R. Gastélum ◽  
Juan B. Valdés ◽  
Steven Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Water Transfers ◽  
Rio Bravo

Water rights transfers are allowed in México under the National Waters Law (LAN) promulgated in 1992. However, water transfers to date have not been widely used and those that have occurred have done so in small quantities and mainly at the level of the irrigation district (ID). We evaluate water policy in México as it relates to transfers and propose alternatives to current policy along the lines of Howe et al. (Water Resources 22(4), 439–445, 1986). Howe et al. proposed guidelines for water markets that comply with efficiency and equity. This guideline is the basis for implementing the approach proposed in this paper. Even though this research targets the Conchos basin, which is the most important tributary to the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo system, the analysis contains experiences and examples of water rights transfers of other Mexican regions. The paper focuses on two main aspects: first, a summarized and structured effort characterizing water resources policy in México in terms of involved institutions, legal aspects, stakeholder roles, etc; second, a series of proposals and recommendations oriented to improving the performance of this policy.

scholarly journals Roles of the Water Court and the State Engineer for water administration in Colorado

Water Policy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. McIntyre ◽  
David C. Mays
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
The Us ◽  
State Engineer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Water Administration ◽  
Civil Courts

Colorado manages water using an administrative structure that is unique among the United States following the doctrine of prior appropriation: Water rights are adjudicated not by the State Engineer, but by Water Courts – separate from and operating in parallel to the criminal and civil courts – established specifically for this purpose. Fundamental to this system is the notion that water rights are property, with consequent protections under the US Constitution, but with the significant constraint that changes in water rights must not injure other water rights, either more senior or more junior. Population growth and climate change will certainly trigger changes in water administration, to be guided by the recent Colorado Water Plan. To provide the foundation necessary to appreciate these changes, this paper reviews the history of Colorado water administration and summarizes the complementary roles of the Water Courts and the State Engineer. Understanding water administration in Colorado depends on a firm grasp on how these two branches of state government formulate and implement water policy.

scholarly journals Using Drama in EFL Classroom

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Luh Angelianawati
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Practical Guideline ◽  
Efl Teaching ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Efl Classrooms ◽  
The Many

Due to the many potential benefits and drama can offer in language learning, there has been a growing interest to use drama in ESL/EFL classrooms. However, the practice still causes many difficulties to both teachers and students due to several factors. This article reviews current theories and research findings on the use of drama in ESL/EFL teaching and learning to provide a better understanding of the use of drama to facilitate learning in EFL classrooms. It begins with current theories behind drama use in English learning. This section tries to clarify what drama is in the context of ESL/EFL, what benefits it offers, and what challenges teachers potentially meet. After that, the discussion focuses on a practical guideline for using drama in the classroom. It proceeds with a brief description of some useful drama techniques. The article ends by offering some concluding remarks.

Adaptation and Customization in Virtual Rehabilitation

2016 ◽  
pp. 141-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Orihuela-Espina ◽  
L. Enrique Sucar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Therapy Outcome ◽  
Motor Training ◽  
Virtual Rehabilitation ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Many ◽  
System Configurations ◽  
Privacy Issues

Background. Adaptation and customization are two related but distinct concepts that are central to virtual rehabilitation if this motor therapy modality is to succeed in alleviating the demand for expert supervision. These two elements of the therapy are required to exploit the flexibility of virtual environments to enhance motor training and boost therapy outcome. Aim. The chapter provides a non-systematic overview of the state of the art regarding the evolving manipulation of virtual rehabilitation environments to optimize therapy outcome manifested through customization and adaptation mechanisms. Methods. Both concepts will be defined, aspects guiding their implementation reviewed, and available literature suggesting different solutions discussed. We present “Gesture Therapy”, a platform realizing our contributions to the field and we present results of the adaptation techniques integrated into it. Less explored additional dimensions such as liability and privacy issues affecting their implementation are briefly discussed. Results. Solutions to implement decision-making on how to manipulate the environment are varied. They range from predefined system configurations to sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) models. Challenge maintenance and feedback personalization is the most common driving force for their incorporation to virtual rehabilitation platforms. Conclusions. Customization and adaptation are the main mechanisms responsible for the full exploitation of the potential of virtual rehabilitation environments, and the potential benefits are worth pursuing. Despite encouraging evidence of the many solutions proposed thus far in literature, none has yet proven to substantially alter the therapy outcome. In consequence, research is still on going to equip virtual rehabilitation solutions with efficacious tailoring elements.

scholarly journals Scenario Analysis of Initial Water-Rights Allocation to Improve Regional Water Productivities

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tienan Li ◽  
Xueting Zeng ◽  
Cong Chen ◽  
Xiangmin Kong ◽  
Junlong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Model Based

In this study, an initial water-rights allocation (IWRA) model is proposed for adjusting the traditional initial water-rights empowerment model based on previous water intake permits, with the aim of improving the productivity of water resources under population growth and economic development. A stochastic scenario with Laplace criterion mixed fuzzy programming (SSLF) is developed into an IWRA model to deal with multiple uncertainties and complexities, which includes dynamic water demand, changing water policy, adjusted tradable water rights, the precise risk attitude of policymakers, development of the economy, and their interactions. SSLF not only deals with fuzziness in probability distributions with high satisfaction degrees, but also reflects the risk attitudes of policymakers with the Laplace criterion, which can handle the probability of scenario occurrence under the supposition of no data available. The developed IWRA model with the SSLF method is applied to a practical case in an alpine region of China. The results of adjusted initial water rights, optimal water-right allocation, changed industrial structure, and system benefits under various scenarios associated with risk attitudes and water productivity improvement were obtained and analyzed. It was found that the current initial water-rights allocation scheme based on previous intake water permits is not efficient, and this can be modified by the IWRA model. Based on the strategies of drinking safety and ecological security, the main tradeoff between agricultural and industrial water rights can facilitate optimization of the current initial water-rights allocation. This can assist policymakers in producing an effective plan to promote water productivity and water resource management in a robust and reliable manner.

scholarly journals Do Security‐Differentiated Water Rights Improve the Performance of Water Markets?

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Lefebvre ◽  
Lata Gangadharan ◽  
Sophie Thoyer
Keyword(s):  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Markets

scholarly journals The Political Economy of European Wine Regulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Meloni ◽  
Johan Swinnen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Wine Market ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
The Many ◽  
Historical Origins ◽  
Jel Classifications

AbstractThe wine market in the European Union is heavily regulated. Despite the many distortions in the wine market as a consequence, reforming the regulations has proven difficult. This paper analyzes the political economy mechanism that created existing wine regulations. We document the historical origins of the regulations and relate these to political pressures that resulted from international integration, technological innovations, and economic developments. (JEL Classifications: K23, L51, N44, N54, Q13)

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