scholarly journals Plant Protection and Quarantine: Recognizing Program Successes in 2015

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Old World ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Pest Outbreaks ◽  
History Of ◽  
Old World Bollworm ◽  
New Pest

In many ways, 2015 was extraordinary for plant health protection. We had more new pest detections and saw higher numbers of pest outbreaks than in previous years, including the first-ever detection of old world bollworm in the continental United States and a record-setting 12 fruit fly outbreaks. The year 2015 was also an impressive year for agricultural trade. The value of U.S. agricultural exports exceeded the value of imports again, making the last 7 years the strongest period for American agricultural exports in the history of our country.

scholarly journals Plant Protection and Quarantine: Helping U.S. Agriculture Thrive--Across the Country and Around the World, 2016 Annual Report

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
The World

For Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) and our partners, 2016 was a year of remarkable successes. Not only did we eradicate 10 fruit fly outbreaks, but we also achieved 4 years with zero detections of pink bollworm, moving us one step closer to eradicating this pest from all commercial cotton-growing areas of the continental United States. And when the U.S. corn industry faced the first-ever detection of bacterial leaf streak (Xanthomonas vasicular pv vasculorum), we devised a practical and scientific approach to manage the disease and protect valuable export markets. Our most significant domestic accomplishment this year, however, was achieving one of our agency’s top 10 goals: eliminating the European grapevine moth (EGVM) from the United States. On the world stage, PPQ helped U.S. agriculture thrive in the global market-place. We worked closely with our international trading partners to develop and promote science-based standards, helping to create a safe, fair, and predictable agricultural trade system that minimizes the spread of invasive plant pests and diseases. We reached critical plant health agreements and resolved plant health barriers to trade, which sustained and expanded U.S. export markets valued at more than $4 billion. And, we helped U.S. producers meet foreign market access requirements and certified the health of more than 650,000 exports, securing economic opportunities for U.S. products abroad. These successes underscore how PPQ is working every day to keep U.S. agriculture healthy and profitable.

Agricultural Surplus Disposal and U.S. Economic Policies

1960 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-433
Author(s):  
Robert M. Stern
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Local Currency ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Aid Programs

In the four and a half years ending December 31, 1958, the United States exported close to $6 billion of surplus agricultural commodities under various foreign disposal programs, the most important being the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act, known commonly as P. L. 480. These P. L. 480 exports included the barter of American surpluses for imports of strategic materials, foreign relief shipments and donations and, most significantly, sales for the local currency of importers. This last type of transaction, which is without precedent in world trade, has enabled the United States to dispose of some 3.3 billion dollars' worth of surpluses in agreements made with 28 nations, and the major part of the foreign currencies generated—that is, some $2.1 billion—has been earmarked for economic development purposes in the receiving countries. Surplus disposal thus not only has become a primary means of promoting United States agricultural exports, but has acquired a major role in our foreign aid programs as well.

scholarly journals Free Trade Impacts On U.S. And Southern Agriculture

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Burfisher ◽  
Robert M. House ◽  
Suchada V. Langley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Trade Relationship

In June 1991, the United States and Mexico agreed to work toward the formation of a free trade area (FTA), in which trade barriers between the two countries will be gradually reduced and eUrninated. An FTA is expected to deepen a trade relationship that has always been important to the two countries, and which has been expanded by the unilateral trade liberalization initiated by Mexico in 1983. A U.S. Mexico FTA will be an important development for U.S. agriculture. In 1990, Mexico ranked among the top four markets for U.S. agricultural exports nd imports. Mexico's share of U.S. agricultural trade has increased since the mid-1980s, and could expand further if trade barriers are removed.

The Future of Cuba’s Non-Sugar Agricultural Sector

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-116
Author(s):  
Mario A. González-Corzo ◽  
Armando Nova-González
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Future ◽  
Trade Sanctions ◽  
Dramatic Growth

Despite a dramatic growth in agricultural trade between the United States and Cuba, trade between these two states has been “one-way trade,” primarily due to U.S. economic sanctions. A new scenario could potentially emerge as diplomatic and trade relations between the United States and Cuba improve and are eventually normalized. These changes could facilitate the expansion of U.S. agricultural and food exports to the island, as well as Cuban exports to the United States. This chapter examines the evolution of U.S. agricultural exports to Cuba since the approval of the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act (TSRA) in 2000. The future prospects and policy implications for U.S.-Cuba agricultural trade are also discussed, taking into account the shift in U.S–Cuba relations initiated after December 17, 2014.

scholarly journals Chapter 10: Agri-Food Trade Between the United States and Russia: From Divergence to Irrelevance

2021 ◽  
pp. 279-316
Author(s):  
Stephen K. Wegren
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
The Cold War

AbstractThis chapter investigates the impact of political relations on U.S. food exports to the Soviet Union and Russia. The chapter finds that during the Cold War, political relations between the United States and Russia and agricultural trade were divergent, which means that food trade was not much affected by poor relations. In the post-Soviet period, the relationship between politics and agricultural exports has become convergent, which means that political relations and U.S. exports move in the same direction. With Putin in office, U.S. agricultural exports have fallen into irrelevance, a trend that predates Russia’s 2014 food embargo against the West.

Review of A brief history of the United States.

1919 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 414-414
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of

An American Language

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina Lozano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S

An American Language is a political history of the Spanish language in the United States. The nation has always been multilingual and the Spanish language in particular has remained as an important political issue into the present. After the U.S.-Mexican War, the Spanish language became a language of politics as Spanish speakers in the U.S. Southwest used it to build territorial and state governments. In the twentieth century, Spanish became a political language where speakers and those opposed to its use clashed over what Spanish's presence in the United States meant. This book recovers this story by using evidence that includes Spanish language newspapers, letters, state and territorial session laws, and federal archives to profile the struggle and resilience of Spanish speakers who advocated for their language rights as U.S. citizens. Comparing Spanish as a language of politics and as a political language across the Southwest and noncontiguous territories provides an opportunity to measure shifts in allegiance to the nation and exposes differing forms of nationalism. Language concessions and continued use of Spanish is a measure of power. Official language recognition by federal or state officials validates Spanish speakers' claims to US citizenship. The long history of policies relating to language in the United States provides a way to measure how U.S. visions of itself have shifted due to continuous migration from Latin America. Spanish-speaking U.S. citizens are crucial arbiters of Spanish language politics and their successes have broader implications on national policy and our understanding of Americans.

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