scholarly journals Determination of acute toxicity parameters of “Zoodizin” disinfectant

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
O. L. Nechyporenko ◽  
A. V. Berezovskyy ◽  
H. A. Fotina ◽  
R. V. Petrov ◽  
T. I. Fotina
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
White Male ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Intragastric Administration

An important element in ensuring the epizootic well-being of the poultry industry is disinfection. Modern poultry farming requires a large number of effective disinfectants. It is known that the resistance of microorganisms to the effects of disinfectants is based on a genotypic mechanism. The nature of the formation of resistance to disinfectants and antiseptics is different than antibiotics. With regard to disinfectants, resistance is formed more slowly and the proportion of resistant strains in the population of microorganisms may not be high for a long time. This is due to different mechanisms of formation of resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants, in the first case – plasmid mechanism, in the second – chromosomal. However, increasing the resistance to the active substance in disinfectants can be widespread, so it is necessary to periodically rotate disinfectants. The goal of the work – to investigate the parameters of acute toxicity of the disinfectant biocide “Zodizin”. The studies were conducted in the laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacy and the Vivarium of Sumy National Agrarian University. The drug “Zodizine” contains: polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride – 21.0 %, alkylldimethylbenzylammonium chloride – 3.0 %. For toxicological examination of the disinfectant, healthy white male rats and white female rats weighing 200 ± 10 g 1.5 years of age were used. In the study of acute toxicity of animals observed daily, noted the general condition of the animals, features of their behavior. Studies have found that the toxic effect of the disinfectant “Zodizin” clinically manifested almost equally in both males and females. The average lethal dose for the rat female was 1000.0 ± 35.0 mg/kg body weight, males 1033.0 ± 34.3 mg/kg. Therefore, according to the classification of substances by toxicity, the drug by intragastric administration can be attributed to low-toxic substances. Observations on animals revealed that 1–3 hours after oral administration of the drug in a subtoxic dose in laboratory animals, shortness of breath and inhibition of the central nervous system were noted. Most of them died during the first day. Subsequent observations of the surviving animals indicated that their motor response was suppressed over the next 24–72 hours. Conclusions and prospects for further research: 1. It was found that the average lethal dose of the drug “Zodizin” with oral administration to rats-females was 1000.0 ± 35.0 mg/kg body weight, males – 1033.0 ± 34.3 mg/kg. 2. Experimental studies have proved that the disinfectant “Zodizin” according to GOST 12.1.007-76, belongs to the IV class of danger, that is, to the low-dangerous compounds, and according to GOST 12.1.07 – to the III class of hazard of substances and can be used for disinfection premises where animals and poultry are kept. Further, the sporoсide and corrosion properties of the “Zoodizin” biocide will be studied.

scholarly journals Evaluation of acute toxicity of the "Orgasept" disinfectant

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
V.L. Kovalenko ◽  
G.V. Ponomarenko ◽  
M.D. Kukhtyn
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Specific Factors

The purpose of the research was to study acute toxicity, irritating and sensitizing effects, biochemical and immunological parameters of animal blood after influence of "Orgasept" disinfectant, consisted from silver nanoparticles, benzalkonium chloride and lactic acid. To determine acute toxicity, 6 months old clinically healthy male rats (5 groups, six rats per each group) and female rats (5 groups, six per each group) with body weight of 180-200 g were used. We determined the average lethal dose (LD50) and the main parameters of acute toxicity after Orgasept rats administration in various dozes. We found that, at intra-gastrointestinal administration of Orgasept, the LD50 for male rats was 5000.0±43.0 mg/kg body weight and 5045.0±56.3 mg/kg for the females. We also registered that Orgasept does not have cumulative and sensitizing properties, does not show irritating effect, suppressive effect on growth and development of animals, and does not affect the hemopoiesis. We revealed that Orgasept demonstrated significant effect on nonspecific and specific factors of the organism's protection compared to the formaldehyde.

scholarly journals Evaluation of acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of the aqueous extract of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves in Sprague Dawley rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Redzuan Nul Hakim Abdul Razak ◽  
Suzanah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Asmah Hanim Hamdan ◽  
Roszaman Ramli ◽  
Muhammad Lokman Md Isa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Aquilaria malaccensis or commonly known as ‘gaharu’ is a species of Aquilaria genus and belongs to the Thymelaeaceae family. It is widely distributed in Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Borneo Islands. Traditionally, its leaves were used to relieve bruises and studies have shown that they function as an antioxidant, aphrodisiac, and tranquilizer. Despite its proven beneficial medicinal properties, information regarding its toxicity is limited. Therefore, we performed a safety evaluation on the aqueous A. malaccensis leaves extract (AMAE) in Sprague Dawley rats. The assessment of acute toxicity based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guideline 420 revealed that AMAE did not influence mortality, clinical appearance, body weight gain, or necropsy findings at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. In the sub-acute toxicity, all doses did not significantly modify the body weight and food and water intake. In male rats treated with 2000 mg/kg, there was a significant reduction in the relative weight of liver. Not only that, an increase in alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase was also observed in different groups among the female rats. A significant decrease in the creatinine level was also seen among male rats administered with different doses of AMAE. In both sexes, histopathological analysis had shown abnormalities in the liver and kidney of rats treated at the dose of 2000 mg/kg. In conclusion, the 50% lethal dose (LD50) of AMAE was estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg. In sub-acute duration, the findings suggested that AMAE administered orally is slightly toxic at higher doses (2000 mg/kg) and could provoke functional and structural changes in the kidney and liver of rats. Thus, the extract should be used with caution.

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii (Miq.) Miq. stem bark in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
EL Lappa ◽  
◽  
C Bogning Zangueu ◽  
EL Nguemfo ◽  
JJ Kojom Wanche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats

Ficus vogelii is a medicinal plant mainly found in tropical Africa and reported to treat inflammatory complaints. This study aims to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark in wistar rats. For acute study, aqueous extract at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight was administered to female rats and observed for 14 days. In the sub-chronic study, the extract was administered daily to both sex rats at the doses of 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight for 28 consecutive days. Body weight was measured weekly, while hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were analyzed after euthanize. Aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii at all tested doses didn’t produced any mortality or significant change on the body weight and relative weight of rats on acute and sub-chronic studies. The lethal dose 50 was estimated greater than 5000 mg/kg (DL50˃5000 mg/kg). Hematological parameters were recorded non-significant in all treated rats. Aqueous extract at 600 mg/kg significantly changed transaminases and alkaline phosphatase activities, these changes were reversible in satellites. The concentrations of bilirubin was increased at 200 and 600 mg/kg in male rats, at 100, 400 mg/kg in female rats. The levels of lipids markers didn’t changed, except the significant decrease of LDL-cholesterol. Histological examination didn’t showed any change in the architecture of the liver and kidney of rats treated compared to control. Thus aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark didn’t produced adverse effects in rats after oral acute and sub-chronic treatment.

Acute Oral Safety Study of Sodium Caseinate Glycosylated via Maillard Reaction with Galactose in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-479
Author(s):  
ARTURO ANADÓN ◽  
MARIA A. MARTÍNEZ ◽  
IRMA ARES ◽  
VICTOR CASTELLANO ◽  
MARIA R. MARTÍNEZ-LARRAÑAGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Sodium Caseinate ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Safety Study ◽  
Male And Female Rats

In order to potentially use sodium caseinate (SC) glycated with galactose (Gal) in the food industry as a new functional ingredient with proved technological and biological properties, an evaluation of oral acute toxicity has been carried out. An acute safety study with SC-Gal glycoconjugates in the Wistar rat with a single oral gavage dose of 2,000 mg/kg of body weight was conducted. The SC-Gal glycoconjugates were well tolerated; no adverse effects or mortality was observed during the 2-week observation period. No abnormal signs, behavioral changes, body weight changes, or alterations in food and water consumption occurred. After this period, no changes in hematological and serum chemistry parameters, organ weights, or gross pathology or histopathology were detected. It was concluded that SC-Gal glycoconjugates obtained via the Maillard reaction were well tolerated in rats at an acute oral dose of 2,000 mg/kg of body weight. The SC-Gal glycoconjugates have a low order of acute toxicity, and the oral 50% lethal dose for male and female rats is in excess of 2,000 mg/kg of body weight.

scholarly journals Study of acute toxicity of the drug «Kolidev 8M» with a single intragastric injection in laboratory animals

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Roman Sachuk ◽  
Yaroslav Stravskyy ◽  
Bogdan Gutyj ◽  
Tetiana Velesyk ◽  
Orest Katsaraba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Class Iv

«Kolidev 8M» (powder for oral use) is a veterinary drug used to treat ornamental birds (pheasants, peacocks) in diseases of the digestive tract caused by microorganisms sensitive to colistin. In the study of the drug «Kolidev 8M» for oral administration, along with the confirmation of therapeutic properties, it is necessary to determine the LD50 obtained in the process of studying acute toxicity. The aim of research. The aim of research was to determine the acute toxicity of the veterinary drug «Kolidev 8M» (powder for oral administration) under the conditions of intragastric administration to white mice. Materials and methods of research. To achieve this aim, an experiment was conducted on 114 males of nonlinear white mice kept under optimal conditions in the vivarium of DEVIE LLC (Rivne, Ukraine). In the first series of experiments on the principle of analogues was formed control and three experimental groups of 6 animals each (n=6). The drug in the form of a solution was administered once orally using a esophageal gastric tube in doses of 500,0; 2000,0 and 4000,0 mg/kg body weight by absolute weight of the drug. The animals of the control group were injected with distilled water. After taking into account the results of the first experiment in the next experiment, 6 experimental groups were formed – mice, which were administered the drug «Kolidev 8M» in the form of a solution in doses (by absolute weight of the drug) – 500,0; 1000,0; 1500,0; 2000.0; 2500,0; 3000,0; 3500 and 4000,0 mg/kg body weight, as well as the control group – animals that were injected with distilled water with a volume of 0.5 cm3 according to similar regulations (Zapadniuk, 1983; Kotsiumbas, 2005; Karkyshchenko & Hrachev, 2010). There were 6 animals in each group (n=6). After their death, a pathological autopsy was performed (Zharov A. et al., 2003). The average lethal dose of LD50 was calculated by the method of probit analysis by Prozorovsky V.B. Research results. According to the results of research, it was found that the LD50 of the drug «Kolidev 8M» (powder for oral administration) under the conditions of its single intragastric administration to male mice is 2024,72±232,45 mg/kg, LD10 – 392,87 mg/kg, LD16 – 751,56 mg/kg, LD84 – 3297,88 mg/kg, LD90 – 3656,57 mg/kg, LD100 – 3934,47 mg/kg body weight, respectively. According to the results of an acute toxicological experiment with intragastric administration of the drug «Kolidev 8M» to white male mice, LD50 was 2024,72±232,45 mg/kg body weight. This allows, according to toxicity, to refer this drug to class IV – low-toxic substances (LD50 501,0-5000,0 mg/kg body weight), and the degree of danger to class III – moderately safe substances (LD50 151,0-5000,0 mg/kg body weight). Conclusions and prospects for further research. The drug «Kolidev 8M» in terms of toxicity belongs to class IV – low-toxic substances, and the degree of danger to class III – moderately safe substances. Further studies will be the next stage of pre-registration trials aimed at studying the subacute toxicity of the drug «Kolidev 8M»

scholarly journals Research of acute toxicity, allergizing and local-irritative action of the veterinary drug “Yodozol”

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
R. M. Sachuk ◽  
S. V. Zhyhalyuk ◽  
I. M. Lukyanik ◽  
M. S. Mandyhra ◽  
Ya. S. Stravsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Mucous Membranes

The purpose of the work was to determine, in experiments on rodents, the parameters of acute toxicity, allergenic and locally irritative effects of iodine-containing uterine drug for the treatment and prevention of intrauterine infections of animals. Materials and methods. Preclinical studies of acute toxicity of “Yodosol” containing iodine and potassium iodide were performed on 90 white mice, 30 white outbred rats and 6 rabbits. Clinical, pharmacotoxicological and statistical methods were used. Results of work. It has been found that at intragastric administration in experimental rats and mice, DL50 values exceed 8,000 mg/kg body weight and have no effect on the behavioral responses and physiological parameters of laboratory animals. It has been investigated that “Yodosol” aerosol has no local toxic and irritant effects on the skin and mucous membranes of laboratory animals (rabbits). Conclusions. The use of the drug «Yodosol», in doses above 8,000 mg/kg body weight, does not affect the behavioral responses and physiological parameters of laboratory animals. The drug has no local toxic and irritant effects on the skin and mucous membranes. According to the requirements of SOU 85.2-37-736:2011 and GOST 12.1.007-76, the newly developed drug “Yodosol” belongs to low-toxic substances — 4 toxicity classes

scholarly journals Acute toxicity assessment for TiO2 photocatalyst (GST) made from wastewater using TiCl4 in rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. e2021019
Author(s):  
Ja Kyung Seol ◽  
Myeongkyu Park ◽  
Jae Min Im ◽  
Heung Sik Seo ◽  
Hee Ju Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Weight Changes

TiO2 was a photocatalyst that used to the most common product because of the high efficiency. TiO2 (P-25, commercial nanomaterial product) is the most typical photocatalyst product and TiO2 (GST) was a sludge recycling product. This study was reported to evaluate an acute toxicity of TiO2 (P-25 and GST) according to OECD test guideline 402 and 423 in Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats via route of oral and dermal. There was investigated the lethal dose (LD50), and mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings were continually monitored for 14 days following the single administration. After administration, TiO2 (P-25) was calculated that LD50 was considered to be a dose of over 2000 mg/kg body weight for both different route of exposure, and TiO2 (GST) was the same. Other items were no observed an adverse effect between P-25 and GST; no mortality and clinical signs, accidental body weight loss, no gross findings. On the basis of the above results, the toxicity of the GST was almost equal to that of the commercial product, P-25 and there was no toxicological evidence.

scholarly journals Acute Oral Toxicity of the Supramolecular Complex Based on Albendazole and Triclabendazole (Altric-Extra) in Laboratory Outbred Mice and Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Lagereva ◽  
Vladislav E. Abramov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Outbred Mice

The purpose of the research is to evaluate the acute toxicity of Altric-Extra when introduced into the stomach to mice and rats. Materials and methods. The studies were conducted in the vivarium of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plants. The acute toxicity of Altric-Extra was determined on 20 white outbred male mice weighing 19.3–23.3 g, 10 animals in a group and on 30 white outbred male rats weighing 150–196 g, 6 animals in a group. Altric-Extra was administered to mice of the experimental group once into the stomach in the form of a suspension in a dose of 5,986 mg/kg at the rate of 0.2 ml/10 g of body weight. Altric-Extra rats were also administered once into the stomach in the form of a suspension at the rate of 2.0 ml/100 g body weight. As a carrier in the preparation of the suspension, 1% starch gel was used. The experimental rats of groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were given Altric-Extra at doses of 4,580.2 mg/kg, 3,846.2; 3,088.8 and 1,577.9 mg/ kg respectively. Mice and rats of the control groups were administered once with 1% starch gel. For 14 days, the behavior and condition of the animals was monitored. The body weight of the experimental animals was measured on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 9th and 14th days of the experiment. Results and discussion. Medium lethal doses of LD50 have been established for oral administration to laboratory animals. For mice, the LD50 was more than 5 986 mg/kg, i.e., according to the generally accepted hygienic classification, Altrick-Extra belongs to hazard class 4 (low-hazard substances). On rats, the LD50 was 3 103.1±48.5 mg/kg (2,354.6÷3,851.5 mg/kg). Therefore, Altrik-Extra belongs to hazard class 3 (substances are moderately hazardous).

Safety Evaluation of an Apitherapy Formulation, Bao-Yuan-Ling: Acute and Sub-acute Oral Toxicity in Wistar Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Sun Yanru ◽  
Shen Zhenhuang ◽  
Jia Zhe ◽  
Miao Xiaoqing
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Oral Toxicity

Bao-Yuan-Ling (BYL) is an apitherapy formulation which is composed of royal jelly, propolis and bee venom. Cardioprotective effects of BYL has been demonstrated, while the toxicity of BYL was not clear. In this study, acute and sub-acute toxicity test of BYL was processed following Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 and OECD 407, respectively, in Wistar rats. In acute toxicity test, rats were orally treated with BYL at the single dose of 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg. No death occurred in the acute toxicity test for 7 days, which indicated the lethal dose 50% value exceeded 5000 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity study, rats were treated with BYL at the dose of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg in a daily base for continuous 28 days. Results showed that female rats were more likely to be affected by BYL in body weight changes, while biochemical indicators of blood serum in male rats were more susceptible to drug effects. However, neither female nor male rats were affected by BYL administration significantly on the organs via hematoxylin-eosin staining analysis. Results suggested that BYL was slightly toxic and clinical use was safe and reliable.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF COMBINED INJECTION OF THYROXIN AND PROPYLTHIOURACILUM ON SCTRUCTURAL INDICATORS OF RENAL PARENCHYMA

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
S. I. Dolomatov ◽  
V. G. Sipovski ◽  
N. Y. Novikov ◽  
I. N. Kasich ◽  
I. V. Myshko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Renal Parenchyma ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

THE AIM: to study of the dynamics of structural changes in renal parenchyma of rats exposed to long-term combined effects of thyroxine and propylthiouracilum (PTU). MATHERIAL AND METHODS – studies were performed on mongrel white male rats weighing 250-300g. Hyperthyroidism was caused by daily intragastric administration of thyroxine (T4) in amount of 50g per 100g of body weight over 30 days. On the first day of the experiment animals were divided into 2 groups. Animals of the first group (n = 25) received only T4. The rats of the second group (n = 25) were administrated propylthiouracilum and T4 daily. PTU was administered intragastric in amount of 1 mg per 100g of body weight. Kidney tissue samples were collected on the 10th, 20th and 30th days of the experiment. In addition, there were collected kidney tissue samples of the animals treated with only T4 after 20 days after cessation of hormone. Obtained tissue samples were fixed and treated by the usual method, followed by filling in paraffin. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS – it was established that course of experimental hyperthyroidism leads to significant structural abnormalities of the renal parenchyma. Leading features of kidneys pathology at a hyperthyroidism are rough structural damages of the nephron tubular epithelium. CONCLUSIONS – combined administration in rats of thyroxin and propylthiouracilum has weakly expressed beneficial effect by limiting the development of structural damages to the renal parenchyma and clot formation. 

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