scholarly journals Evaluation of acute toxicity of the "Orgasept" disinfectant

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
V.L. Kovalenko ◽  
G.V. Ponomarenko ◽  
M.D. Kukhtyn
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Specific Factors

The purpose of the research was to study acute toxicity, irritating and sensitizing effects, biochemical and immunological parameters of animal blood after influence of "Orgasept" disinfectant, consisted from silver nanoparticles, benzalkonium chloride and lactic acid. To determine acute toxicity, 6 months old clinically healthy male rats (5 groups, six rats per each group) and female rats (5 groups, six per each group) with body weight of 180-200 g were used. We determined the average lethal dose (LD50) and the main parameters of acute toxicity after Orgasept rats administration in various dozes. We found that, at intra-gastrointestinal administration of Orgasept, the LD50 for male rats was 5000.0±43.0 mg/kg body weight and 5045.0±56.3 mg/kg for the females. We also registered that Orgasept does not have cumulative and sensitizing properties, does not show irritating effect, suppressive effect on growth and development of animals, and does not affect the hemopoiesis. We revealed that Orgasept demonstrated significant effect on nonspecific and specific factors of the organism's protection compared to the formaldehyde.

scholarly journals Determination of acute toxicity parameters of “Zoodizin” disinfectant

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
O. L. Nechyporenko ◽  
A. V. Berezovskyy ◽  
H. A. Fotina ◽  
R. V. Petrov ◽  
T. I. Fotina
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
White Male ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Intragastric Administration

An important element in ensuring the epizootic well-being of the poultry industry is disinfection. Modern poultry farming requires a large number of effective disinfectants. It is known that the resistance of microorganisms to the effects of disinfectants is based on a genotypic mechanism. The nature of the formation of resistance to disinfectants and antiseptics is different than antibiotics. With regard to disinfectants, resistance is formed more slowly and the proportion of resistant strains in the population of microorganisms may not be high for a long time. This is due to different mechanisms of formation of resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants, in the first case – plasmid mechanism, in the second – chromosomal. However, increasing the resistance to the active substance in disinfectants can be widespread, so it is necessary to periodically rotate disinfectants. The goal of the work – to investigate the parameters of acute toxicity of the disinfectant biocide “Zodizin”. The studies were conducted in the laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacy and the Vivarium of Sumy National Agrarian University. The drug “Zodizine” contains: polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride – 21.0 %, alkylldimethylbenzylammonium chloride – 3.0 %. For toxicological examination of the disinfectant, healthy white male rats and white female rats weighing 200 ± 10 g 1.5 years of age were used. In the study of acute toxicity of animals observed daily, noted the general condition of the animals, features of their behavior. Studies have found that the toxic effect of the disinfectant “Zodizin” clinically manifested almost equally in both males and females. The average lethal dose for the rat female was 1000.0 ± 35.0 mg/kg body weight, males 1033.0 ± 34.3 mg/kg. Therefore, according to the classification of substances by toxicity, the drug by intragastric administration can be attributed to low-toxic substances. Observations on animals revealed that 1–3 hours after oral administration of the drug in a subtoxic dose in laboratory animals, shortness of breath and inhibition of the central nervous system were noted. Most of them died during the first day. Subsequent observations of the surviving animals indicated that their motor response was suppressed over the next 24–72 hours. Conclusions and prospects for further research: 1. It was found that the average lethal dose of the drug “Zodizin” with oral administration to rats-females was 1000.0 ± 35.0 mg/kg body weight, males – 1033.0 ± 34.3 mg/kg. 2. Experimental studies have proved that the disinfectant “Zodizin” according to GOST 12.1.007-76, belongs to the IV class of danger, that is, to the low-dangerous compounds, and according to GOST 12.1.07 – to the III class of hazard of substances and can be used for disinfection premises where animals and poultry are kept. Further, the sporoсide and corrosion properties of the “Zoodizin” biocide will be studied.

scholarly journals Evaluation of acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of the aqueous extract of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves in Sprague Dawley rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Redzuan Nul Hakim Abdul Razak ◽  
Suzanah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Asmah Hanim Hamdan ◽  
Roszaman Ramli ◽  
Muhammad Lokman Md Isa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Aquilaria malaccensis or commonly known as ‘gaharu’ is a species of Aquilaria genus and belongs to the Thymelaeaceae family. It is widely distributed in Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Borneo Islands. Traditionally, its leaves were used to relieve bruises and studies have shown that they function as an antioxidant, aphrodisiac, and tranquilizer. Despite its proven beneficial medicinal properties, information regarding its toxicity is limited. Therefore, we performed a safety evaluation on the aqueous A. malaccensis leaves extract (AMAE) in Sprague Dawley rats. The assessment of acute toxicity based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guideline 420 revealed that AMAE did not influence mortality, clinical appearance, body weight gain, or necropsy findings at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. In the sub-acute toxicity, all doses did not significantly modify the body weight and food and water intake. In male rats treated with 2000 mg/kg, there was a significant reduction in the relative weight of liver. Not only that, an increase in alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase was also observed in different groups among the female rats. A significant decrease in the creatinine level was also seen among male rats administered with different doses of AMAE. In both sexes, histopathological analysis had shown abnormalities in the liver and kidney of rats treated at the dose of 2000 mg/kg. In conclusion, the 50% lethal dose (LD50) of AMAE was estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg. In sub-acute duration, the findings suggested that AMAE administered orally is slightly toxic at higher doses (2000 mg/kg) and could provoke functional and structural changes in the kidney and liver of rats. Thus, the extract should be used with caution.

The Effect of Sodium Nitrite on Experimental Animals

1942 ◽  
Vol 6a (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. A. Tarr ◽  
N. M. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Subcutaneous Route ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Healthy Female

Incorporation of sodium nitrite in the diet of cats and white rats on the basis of an average sized man consuming 1 lb. (454 g.) of fish containing 0.2 per cent (908 mg.) of this salt daily for six days each week does not appear to affect their growth rate nor the development (weight) of their thyroid, heart, lungs, spleen, liver, kidneys or adrenals. The fecundity of white rats as judged by their ability to breed and raise normal litters is apparently not affected thereby. The lethal dose of sodium nitrite by oral route is about 1.1 to 2.0 g./kg. for healthy male rats, 0.46 to 1.2 g./kg. for healthy female rats and 0.073 g./kg. for cats (one animal). The lethal dose by subcutaneous route is about 0.19 to 0.20 g./kg. for healthy male rats and 0.057 to 0.13 g./kg. for healthy female rats.

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii (Miq.) Miq. stem bark in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
EL Lappa ◽  
◽  
C Bogning Zangueu ◽  
EL Nguemfo ◽  
JJ Kojom Wanche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats

Ficus vogelii is a medicinal plant mainly found in tropical Africa and reported to treat inflammatory complaints. This study aims to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark in wistar rats. For acute study, aqueous extract at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight was administered to female rats and observed for 14 days. In the sub-chronic study, the extract was administered daily to both sex rats at the doses of 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight for 28 consecutive days. Body weight was measured weekly, while hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were analyzed after euthanize. Aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii at all tested doses didn’t produced any mortality or significant change on the body weight and relative weight of rats on acute and sub-chronic studies. The lethal dose 50 was estimated greater than 5000 mg/kg (DL50˃5000 mg/kg). Hematological parameters were recorded non-significant in all treated rats. Aqueous extract at 600 mg/kg significantly changed transaminases and alkaline phosphatase activities, these changes were reversible in satellites. The concentrations of bilirubin was increased at 200 and 600 mg/kg in male rats, at 100, 400 mg/kg in female rats. The levels of lipids markers didn’t changed, except the significant decrease of LDL-cholesterol. Histological examination didn’t showed any change in the architecture of the liver and kidney of rats treated compared to control. Thus aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark didn’t produced adverse effects in rats after oral acute and sub-chronic treatment.

Acute Oral Safety Study of Sodium Caseinate Glycosylated via Maillard Reaction with Galactose in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-479
Author(s):  
ARTURO ANADÓN ◽  
MARIA A. MARTÍNEZ ◽  
IRMA ARES ◽  
VICTOR CASTELLANO ◽  
MARIA R. MARTÍNEZ-LARRAÑAGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Sodium Caseinate ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Safety Study ◽  
Male And Female Rats

In order to potentially use sodium caseinate (SC) glycated with galactose (Gal) in the food industry as a new functional ingredient with proved technological and biological properties, an evaluation of oral acute toxicity has been carried out. An acute safety study with SC-Gal glycoconjugates in the Wistar rat with a single oral gavage dose of 2,000 mg/kg of body weight was conducted. The SC-Gal glycoconjugates were well tolerated; no adverse effects or mortality was observed during the 2-week observation period. No abnormal signs, behavioral changes, body weight changes, or alterations in food and water consumption occurred. After this period, no changes in hematological and serum chemistry parameters, organ weights, or gross pathology or histopathology were detected. It was concluded that SC-Gal glycoconjugates obtained via the Maillard reaction were well tolerated in rats at an acute oral dose of 2,000 mg/kg of body weight. The SC-Gal glycoconjugates have a low order of acute toxicity, and the oral 50% lethal dose for male and female rats is in excess of 2,000 mg/kg of body weight.

scholarly journals Acute toxicity assessment for TiO2 photocatalyst (GST) made from wastewater using TiCl4 in rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. e2021019
Author(s):  
Ja Kyung Seol ◽  
Myeongkyu Park ◽  
Jae Min Im ◽  
Heung Sik Seo ◽  
Hee Ju Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Weight Changes

TiO2 was a photocatalyst that used to the most common product because of the high efficiency. TiO2 (P-25, commercial nanomaterial product) is the most typical photocatalyst product and TiO2 (GST) was a sludge recycling product. This study was reported to evaluate an acute toxicity of TiO2 (P-25 and GST) according to OECD test guideline 402 and 423 in Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats via route of oral and dermal. There was investigated the lethal dose (LD50), and mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings were continually monitored for 14 days following the single administration. After administration, TiO2 (P-25) was calculated that LD50 was considered to be a dose of over 2000 mg/kg body weight for both different route of exposure, and TiO2 (GST) was the same. Other items were no observed an adverse effect between P-25 and GST; no mortality and clinical signs, accidental body weight loss, no gross findings. On the basis of the above results, the toxicity of the GST was almost equal to that of the commercial product, P-25 and there was no toxicological evidence.

Safety Evaluation of an Apitherapy Formulation, Bao-Yuan-Ling: Acute and Sub-acute Oral Toxicity in Wistar Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Sun Yanru ◽  
Shen Zhenhuang ◽  
Jia Zhe ◽  
Miao Xiaoqing
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Oral Toxicity

Bao-Yuan-Ling (BYL) is an apitherapy formulation which is composed of royal jelly, propolis and bee venom. Cardioprotective effects of BYL has been demonstrated, while the toxicity of BYL was not clear. In this study, acute and sub-acute toxicity test of BYL was processed following Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 and OECD 407, respectively, in Wistar rats. In acute toxicity test, rats were orally treated with BYL at the single dose of 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg. No death occurred in the acute toxicity test for 7 days, which indicated the lethal dose 50% value exceeded 5000 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity study, rats were treated with BYL at the dose of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg in a daily base for continuous 28 days. Results showed that female rats were more likely to be affected by BYL in body weight changes, while biochemical indicators of blood serum in male rats were more susceptible to drug effects. However, neither female nor male rats were affected by BYL administration significantly on the organs via hematoxylin-eosin staining analysis. Results suggested that BYL was slightly toxic and clinical use was safe and reliable.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity of the Aqueous Extract from the Fruit of Solanum indicum Linn. (Solanaceae) in Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Nadine Joissy Epoh ◽  
Olivette Laure Matafack Dongmo ◽  
Herve Tchoumbou Tadjoua ◽  
Félicité Mbiapo Tchouanguep ◽  
Phelix Bruno Telefo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Solanum Indicum

Aim: The fruit of Solanum indicum Linn have been reported traditionally to have anti-hypertensive and diuretic properties. This study was undertaken to evaluate the toxicological potential of S. indicum fruits aqueous extract through the acute and sub-acute toxicity tests in rats. Methodology: For acute toxicity evaluation, a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg of the plant extract was administrated in 60 days old female albino Wistar rats. Then, the animals were observed for 14 days. Sub-acute toxicity studies were conducted with 50 adult rats of both gender that orally received during 28 days, increasing doses of the plant extract. Their body weight and food intake were weekly collected. At the end of the experiment, biochemical and hematological parameters as well as histological analysis of organs (liver, kidneys and spleen) were undertaken. Results: Single oral administration of 5000 mg/kg dose of the fruit plant aqueous extract produced no mortality or signs of toxicity. During sub-acute test, no variations in body weight and food intake of both animals gender were observed. An important decrease in male’s rat liver weight were obtained at the dose 25 mg/kg; serum urea, total cholesterol, TAG, ALP and AST levels were significantly lowered in male especially at the dose 50 mg/kg, but this decrease was noticed only in serum urea, ALP and ALT in female rats. Furthermore, a significant decrease in platelets number, serum PCT, MPV and PDW levels were recorded in all treated male rats except those receiving the highest extract dose. No structural changes in treated animal organs section histology were observed when compared to controls. Conclusion: The fruits aqueous extracts of S. indicum is safe when administered acutely and for 28 days in rats. However, alterations on their hematological and biochemical parameters were not closely related with the dose, implying caution on its use.

Acute and subacute toxicity assessment of Madhulai Manappagu (Siddha herbal syrup formulation) in animal model

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Sundaram Malayappan ◽  
Gayathri Natarajan ◽  
Logamanian Mockaiyathevar ◽  
Meenakumari Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Gross Pathology ◽  
Toxicity Studies

Abstract Objectives Madhulai Manappagu – a well-known sastric and widely prescribed Siddha herbal syrup formulation indicated for treating Veluppu Noi (Anaemia especially Iron deficiency Anaemia) has been in day today practice in Tamil Nadu for a quite longer decades. The syrup is a herbal preparation which has a sweet pleasant odour and a palatable taste, contain the juice of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) as the main ingredient. Though the formulation is a fruit juice, the safety profile of the syrup is not established and is being marketed without toxicological evaluation. The study is aimed at ascertaining the acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of Madhulai Manappagu in Wistar Albino rats. Methods The acute and sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies were performed as per the guidelines mentioned in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 423 (adopted on December 2001) and TG 407 (adopted on October 2008) with slight modifications respectively. For acute toxicity study, three female rats were randomly selected as control; three female rats were randomly selected and were administered a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. For sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies, three doses of test drug MM of 500 mg/kg/day (low dose), 750 mg/kg/day (intermittent dose) and 1,000 mg/kg/day (high dose) were selected for administration. Both sexes of Wistar Albino rats were randomized into four groups of 10 animals each (five males, five females). Group I was kept as control group. Group II, III and IV served as low, intermittent and high doses of MM respectively. Animals were observed for mortality, morbidity, body weight changes, feed and water intake. Haematology, clinical biochemistry, electrolytes, gross pathology, relative organ weight and histopathological examination were performed. Results In the acute toxicity study, rats showed no toxicological signs on behavior, gross pathology and body weight of rats when treated with a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. In the subacute (28 days repeated oral) toxicity study, rats have showed no significant changes on behavior, gross pathology, body weight, and hematological and biochemical parameters when treated with Madhulai Manappagu in three different doses. Conclusions The toxicity studies which include both acute and 28 days repeated (subacute) oral toxicity studies, revealed no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Madhulai Manappagu in animals. Thus the safety of the drug in human usage was ensured.

Dexrazoxane does not protect against doxorubicin-induced damage in young rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. H499-H506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Héon ◽  
Martin Bernier ◽  
Nicolas Servant ◽  
Stevan Dostanic ◽  
Chunlei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Cardiac Damage

Doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, causes a dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Some evidence suggests that female children have an increased risk for DOX-mediated cardiac damage. To determine whether the iron chelator dexrazoxane (DXR) could reduce DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in the young, we injected day 10 neonate female and male rat pups with a single dose of saline or DOX, DXR, or DXR + DOX (20:1). We followed body weight gain with growth, measured cardiac hypertrophy after a 2-wk swim exercise program, markers of apoptosis (Bcl-2, BAX, BNIP1, caspase 3 activation), oxidative stress (heme oxygenase 1, protein carbonyl levels), the chaperone protein clusterin, and the transcriptional activator early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) in hearts of nonexercised and exercised rats on neonate day 38. All DOX-alone and DXR + DOX-treated rats showed decreased weight gain, with female rats affected earlier than male rats. DXR-alone, DOX-alone, and DXR + DOX-treated rats had an increased heart weight-to-body weight (heart wt/body wt) ratio after the exercise program with female rats showing the largest increase in heart wt/body wt. Drug-treated females also showed increased cardiac apoptosis, as measured by the increased expression of the proapoptotic proteins BAX and BNIP1 and the appearance of caspase 3 activation products, and oxidative stress, as measured by increased heme oxygenase 1 expression, and reduced Egr-1 and clusterin expression when compared with the similarly treated male rats. We conclude that DXR preinjection did not reduce DOX-induced noncardiac and cardiac damage and that young female rats were more susceptible to DXR and DOX toxicities than age-matched male rats.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document