scholarly journals Hematological and histological effect of fractionated neem leaf extract in healthy Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-321
Author(s):  
David Chibuike Ikwuka ◽  
◽  
Ed Nwobodo ◽  
Bond U. Anyaehie ◽  
Emmanuel I Umegbolu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction: In recent years, the growing research towards new drugs has been targeted on plant-based drugs, and Neem (Azadirachta indica) is one of the plants that have been extensively researched for its diverse medicinal properties. The study aimed to determine the effects of neem on the hematological parameters (total white blood cells, neutrophil, monocyte and eosinophil counts) and histology of some organs of rats. Methods: Fifteen healthy male Wister rats divided into control (Nm0) and experimental groups (Nm11 and Nm22). Control group 1 (Nm0) was given 100mg/200g body weight of normal saline orally twice daily; experimental group 2 (Nm11), 100mg/200g body weight neem extract twice daily for 11 days and experimental group 3 (Nm22), 100mg/200g neem leaf extract twice daily for 22 days. Total number of white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils, packed cell volumes (PCV) and histological changes in the spleen, liver and kidneys were evaluated. Results: There were no significant differences in mean values of the hematological parameters (total WBC; PCV; neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils). We observed the central vacuolation and accumulation of lymphocytes in the spleen, hypertrophy of the central vein in the liver and shrinking of the glomeruli and accumulation of the lymphocytes in the kidney using hematoxylin and eosin staining following prolonged administration of neem extract (Nm22). Conclusion: Prolonged administration of neem affected the histology of some organs of the rats more than the hematological parameters.

DYNAMICS OF PROTEIN METABOLISM AND ACTIVITY OF AMINOTRANSFERASES OF DOGS BY ADDING DIHYDROQUERCETIN

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Полищук ◽  
Sergey Polishchuk ◽  
Молянова ◽  
Galina Molyanova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Formalin Edema ◽  
And Function ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of research is to increase protective and adaptive reactions, the service and the working potential of an organism of dogs through the use of DHQ. The article presents the results of an experiment to the effect of DHQ on the dynamics of hematological parameters of dogs blood. Dihydroquercetin – an active antioxidant, a natural scavenger of oxygen free radicals, hepatoprotective, has anti-inflammatory action due to limitations of the formalin edema and histamine, and inhibits the formation of serous fluid, pain killers, immunocorrectional properties. Due to the high complexing properties it displays the body of heavy metals, including radionuclides, it helps to restore the tone of blood vessels, normalization of the lipid spectrum of the blood and slows the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Investigations were carried out in Dogs State Service Ministry of I A of Russia zonal center in Samara Region by clinically healthy of dog breed German Shepherd, age 2-4 years with an average body weight of 30 kg on the background conditions and feeding, adopted by the enterprise. Dogs experimental group received Dihydroquercetin to 0.001 g/kg body weight dose once a day with food. When added to the basic diet Dihydroquercetin dog experimental group show an increase in indicators such as red blood cells – by 18.3% (p<0.01), hemoglobin – by 11.7% (p <0.01) hematocrit – 7.1% (p<0.01), white blood cells – by 9.1% (p<0.05) compared to control data. The research results give reason to believe that the use of dietary supplements in Dihydroquercetin in dogs diet dose 0.001 g/kg allows significantly increase the morphological and physiological indicators of animal organism. In this case a significant increase erythrocytes and hemoglobin and hematocrit indicates increased oxidative metabolism and function of the intensity of the blood in dogs treated with the drug, and increase in the blood indicates an increase in immune status.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Toxic Effect of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl Leaf Extract on Hematological Parameters

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Hanif M Q ◽  
Yuandani Y ◽  
Harahap U
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa ◽  
Hematology Parameters

Objectives: This current study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of P. macrocarpa leaf extract (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl) on hematology parameters in rats. Design: The toxicity of ethanol extract of P. macrocarpa leaf was evaluated by OECD guidelines. The extract at doses of 100, 500, 1000 mg/kg body weight (bw), control satellite and satellite group dose 1000 mg/kg bw were orally administered to the test animal for 90 days. Hematological parameters were observed for 90 days and 118 days for treatment and satellite group, respectively. Interventions: The variable that was intervened in this study was the doses of P. macrocarpa extract. Main outcome measure: The main results in this study were the toxic effect of P. macrocarpa leaf on hematology parameters. Results: The etanol extract of P. macrocarpa did not cause any changes in hematological parameters, these include red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet, white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils levels as compared to normal control (P>0.05) Conclusion: The ethanol extract of P. macrocarpa leaf did not cause any toxic effect on hematological parameters for long-term use.  

scholarly journals Sex-Related Differences in Hematological Parameters and Organosomatic Indices of Oreochromis niloticus Exposed to Aflatoxin B1 Diet

Scientifica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Marijani ◽  
Johnson Nasimolo ◽  
Emmanuel Kigadye ◽  
Gbemenou Joselin Benoit Gnonlonfin ◽  
Sheila Okoth
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

A 24-week feeding experiment was conducted to assess whether males and females of Oreochromis niloticus exhibit differences in their hematological responses and organosomatic indices to dietary AFB1 contamination. Triplicate groups of O. niloticus (initial body weight: 24.1 ± 0.6 g) were fed with four diets (Diets 1 to 4) containing 0, 20, 200, and 2,000 μg AFB1 kg−1. A significant decrease (P<0.05) in hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBC), and hematocrit (Hct) was observed in AFB1 exposure groups, with the lowest levels recorded in the 2000 μg AFB1 kg−1 treatment. A significant increase in mean white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, and lymphocytes was observed in AFB1 exposure groups. No sex-related differences in RBC, WBC, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils levels were observed. However, hemoglobin and hematocrit values for female O. niloticus were significantly lower than those for male O. niloticus. Organosomatic indices showed that the relative liver, kidney, and spleen weights were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the AFB1 supplemented group than in the control group. However, the effect of aflatoxin on organosomatic indices does not depend on sex but rather depends on the dose of aflatoxin in the diet. These results provide useful information for monitoring changes in the health status of male and female O. niloticus.

scholarly journals Evaluation de la toxicité d’un aphrodisiaque ivoirien d’origine naturelle (aphro) chez le rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1595-1604
Author(s):  
Moussa Gbogbo ◽  
Rufin Yao Kouadio ◽  
Félicité Tano-bla Aboli ◽  
Mama Kone ◽  
Elisée Kouassi Kporou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
World Population ◽  
Poids Corporel ◽  
Rate Of Increase

L’usage des plantes à des fins thérapeutiques est très ancien. De nos jours encore, elles sont utilisées par une frange partie de la population mondiale. La présente étude avait pour objectif d’étudier les effets toxiques de l'administration subaiguë d'un phytomédicament ivoirien Aphro vendu sur les marchés chez le rat Wistar albinos. Pour ce faire, le phytomédicament Aphro a été administré quotidiennement par voie orale à trois lots de rats, aux doses de 5,75 ; 11,5 et 23 mg/kg de poids corporel et cela pendant 28 jours. Le taux de croissance des rats, les paramètres hématologiques et biochimiques sanguins ont été étudiés. Les résultats de cette étude ont révélé qu’aux doses de 5,75 ; 11,5 et 23 mg/kg de poids corporel, le phytomédicament ne modifie pas de façon significative le taux d’accroissement de la masse corporelle et les paramètres hématologiques constitués du taux de globules rouges, de globules blancs, de plaquettes sanguines et le taux d’hémoglobine. Par ailleurs, des marqueurs hépatiques et lipidiques sériques des rats traités n'ont pas été perturbés par l’administration du phytomédicament comparativement au lot témoin. En revanche, la créatinine, l’un des marqueurs rénaux étudiés a connu une augmentation significative (p < 0,05) chez les rats traités avec le phytomédicament aux doses de 11,5 et 23 mg/kg de poids corporel par rapport au lot témoin. Cette étude a permis de montrer que l’usage prolongé et à doses élevées de Aphro pourrait entraîner des effets nocifs sur les reins.   English title: Assessment of the toxicity of an ivoirian natural aphrodisiac (aphro) on rat The use of plants for therapeutic purposes is very old. Even today, they are used by a part of the world population. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the toxic effects of the subacute administration of an ivorian phytomedicine Aphro sold in the markets in the albino Wistar rat. To do this, the phytomedicine Aphro was administered orally daily to three batches of rats, at doses of 5.75; 11.5 and 23 mg/kg of body weight for 28 days. Rats' growth rate, blood haematological and biochemical parameters were studied. The results of this study showed that at doses of 5.75; 11.5 and 23 mg/kg of body weight, the phytomedicine does not significantly modify the rate of increase in body mass and the hematological parameters consisting of the level of red blood cells, white blood cells, blood platelets and the level hemoglobin. Furthermore, hepatic and serum lipid markers of the treated rats were not disturbed by the administration of the phytomedicine compared to the control group. In contrast, creatinine, one of the renal markers studied, experienced a significant increase (p <0.05) in rats treated with the phytomedicine at doses of 11.5 and 23 mg / kg of body weight compared to the batch witness. This study showed that prolonged use and in high doses of Aphro could cause harmful effects on the kidneys.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Senyawa Taurin dan Ekstrak Daun Dewa Gynura segetum (Lour) Merr terhadap Eritrosit dan Leukosit Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Benzo[α]Piren

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henny Marlinda ◽  
Endang Linirin Widiastuti ◽  
G. Nugroho Susanto ◽  
Sutyarso '
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I

Blood cancer (leukemia) is a cancer that occurs due to malignancy of blood cells. Treatment of leukemia generally causes damage to normal cells. Therefore, it needs a drug that has the effect of repairing cell damage and the ability to boost immunity of normal such as taurine and Gynura leaves which are expected to have anticancer and antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of taurine and dewa leaf extract on blood tissues induced by benzo [α] pyrene in vivo, by looking at changes in body weight, the number of red blood cells (erythrocytes), the total number and differentiation of white blood cells (leukocytes) in mice (Mus musculus). Data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA test followed by LSD at 5% significance level. The treatment groups were the group I was given 0.2 mL of corn oil (negative control), group II (given benzo [α] pyrene as a positive control, Group III (given taurine 7.8 mg/BW/day starting from day 1 to 15 before the induction of benzo [α] pyrene until the end of the study), Group IV was given benzo [α] pyrene, then were given taurine 7.8 mg/BW/day were given 2 times a day, as well as the V group was given benzo [α] pyrene, then given a dose of Gynura leaf extract 277.8 mg /BW/day. The results showed taurine and Gynura leaf extract were able to obstruct leukemia by increasing body weight, erythrocyte, leukocyte, and the number of leukocyte differentiation which becomes normal again. In conclusion taurine has better ability for therapoitic than Gynura leaf extact against blood cells induced by benzo[α]piren

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SILYMARIN EXTRACTED FROM SILYBUM MARIANUM ON NICKEL HEMATOTOXICITY AND NEPHROTOXICITY IN MALE ALBINO WISTAR RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Samira Bouhalit ◽  
Zine Kechrid ◽  
Abdelfattah Elfeki
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Nickel Sulfate ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Renal Markers

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of silymarin extract from Silybum marianum against nickel-induced alterations in haematological indices, kidney dysfunction and renal antioxidant defence system.Methods: Male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups seven each. Control, silymarin, nickel and nickel plus silymarin. Silymarin was administrated orally (100 mg/kg b. wt) and nickel as nickel sulfate (NiSO4 6H20) was given intraperitoneally (20 mg/kg b. wt) at alternative days. The experiment continued for three consecutive weeks. Body weight was recorded regularly. After overnight fasting, animals were killed and serum creatinine, serum urea, serum uric acid, hematological parameters and renal antioxidant markers were determined.Results: The treatment with nickel led to a significant decrease in body weight with an increase in both absolute and relative kidney weights and a significant increase in renal markers, which confirmed by histopathological alteration. A microcytic anemia was also observed, which was manifested by a reduction of red blood cells count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, platelet counts (Plt), hematocrit and white blood cells counts (WBC). The level of lipid peroxidation was increased. Whereas, GSH concentration and enzymatic antioxidants SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were decreased. The co-treatment with methanolic extract of milk thistle attenuated the variation in the hematological and renal markers, decreasing renal lipid peroxidation (p<0.05) with a concomitant increasing reduced glutathione content (p<0.01) and restoring the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px) in kidney, as well as an improvement in histological changes compared to those previously noticed in nickel group.Conclusion: To conclude, these findings demonstrated that silymarin extract effectively improved heamatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity caused by nickel.

scholarly journals Comparative Effects of Using New Multi-Strain Synbiotics on Chicken Growth Performance, Hematology, Serum Biochemistry and Immunity

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1555
Author(s):  
Artur Żbikowski ◽  
Karol Pawłowski ◽  
Katarzyna Śliżewska ◽  
Beata Dolka ◽  
Joanna Nerc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Rbc Count

In this study, the influence of new multi-strain synbiotics on chicken growth performance, hematology, serum biochemistry and immunity was explored. Each synbiotic preparation (A, B and C) comprised three, four or five strains of Lactobacillus sp., respectively, as well as S. cerevisiae and inulin. All strains used in the synbiotics originated from wild-type strains from animal farms in Poland. Six groups of chickens, ROSS 308 line, were fed with three different synbiotics at a dose of 0.5 g/1 kg of feed. Body weight, as well as the biochemical and hematological parameters of the animals in each study group, were determined on the 7th, 14th, 28th and 42nd day of life. Body weight on day 42 differed between groups and was the highest in control group. This group also had the highestfeed conversion ratio (FCR) value. All measured biochemical parameters were in the normal ranges for poultry; however, we observed a lower alkaline phosphatase (AP) concentration on day 7 in the groups fed with synbiotics, which correlated with a lower level of triglycerides in those groups. The aspartate transaminase (AST) concentration was significantly lower in all groups on day 42 in comparison with the control. On day 7, the control group showed the highest concentration of Ca, K and P. Other parameters did not differ significantly throughout the experiment. All groups showed a similar tendency of increase in the red blood cells (RBC) count according to the age of the birds. Every white blood cells (WBC) population showed differences in the proportions between T and B lymphocytes. The T cell and monocyte counts increased until day 28 in all groups. The results showed that our newly developed synbiotic formulas do not have any unfavorable influence on chicken health and may modulate immune response and biochemical parameters. However, this hypothesis needs to be evaluated in future experiments.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTICANCER POTENTIAL OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ALANGIUM SALVIFOLIUM LEAVES IN ANIMAL MODELS

2019 ◽  
pp. 397-400
Author(s):  
PRATHIMA C ◽  
SHASHIKUMARA SHASHIKUMARA ◽  
THIPPESWAMY T
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Albino Mice

Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the anticancer potential of ethanolic extract of Alangium salvifolium leaves (EASL) against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in animal model. Methods: The ethanolic extract of A. salvifolium was prepared by continuous method using Soxhlet apparatus. Phytochemical analysis of EASL was conducted. Anticancer activity of the extract was evaluated by EAC model in Swiss albino mice. EASL was administered at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight once a day orally for 14 days, after 24 h of tumor inoculation. Results: A. salvifolium leaves extract treatment produced significant decrease in tumor volume and body weight, and increase in total and non-viable cell count, along with elevated life span of EAC-bearing mice. The EASL exhibited potent dose-dependent antitumor activity. Further, the altered hematological parameters such as red blood cells, hemoglobin, and white blood cells levels as well as biochemical parameters such as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and total protein levels in EAC mice were significantly (p<0.05) regained following treatment with EASL. The anticancer potential of EASL can be attributed to the presence of phenols and flavonoids. Conclusion: Results suggest that EASL possesses significant anticancer activity against EAC tumor-bearing Swiss albino mice.

The effect of ethanol on some hematological parameters of the australian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus)

2022 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
D. Skafar ◽  
D. Shumeyko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Cherax Quadricarinatus ◽  
Total Hemocyte Count ◽  
Red Claw Crayfish ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose: to study the effect of ethanol on the parameters of THC, the percentage of granulocytes and total protein in the hemolymph of the Red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus).Materials and methods. The object of this experiment was 26 males of the Australian red-clawed crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) weighing from 23 to 83 g. The individuals were evenly divided into two experimental groups - with an injection of ethanol and a control group without an injection of 13 crayfish for each group. The injection dose was 2515 mg per 100 g of body weight. A day after the introduction of ethanol, hemolymph was taken with a syringe from the ventral sinus, the syringe was pre-washed with a 4% EDTA-Na2 solution. Three parameters were determined: the total hemocyte count (THC), percent granulocytes and percent total protein content. Counting of hemocytes and determination of granulocytes were performed in a Goryaev chamber under a light microscope. The total protein was determined by the refractometric method.Results. Differences in THC and total protein between the groups were statistically unreliable (p>0,05). THC in the experimental group is 36% more than in the control group. The total protein after the introduction of ethanol actually increased by 0,7%, and relatively by 14%. There were statistically different indicators of the proportion of granulocytes (p<0,05) - the average value of 33,1% in the experimental group versus 24,5% in the control group. A reliable (p<0,05) strong feedback was revealed between the total protein and the mass of individuals in both experimental groups, while in the experimental group there is a visible shift in the values of dependent hemolymph indicators towards an increase in smaller individuals.Conclusion. A single injection of ethyl alcohol with a dosage of 2515 mg per 100 g of body weight into the hemolymph of C. quadricarinatus does not cause significant changes in the THC and total protein after 24 hours. At the same time, the proportion of granulocytes actually increases by 9%, relative to 37%. This may indicate that granulocytes are involved in the formation of cancer defense mechanisms when exposed to toxic substances. The effect of different dosages of ethanol injections and the duration of its effect on hematological parameters requires additional consideration. It is necessary to investigate its effect on other indicators, such as the pH and buffer capacity of the hemolymph, the concentration of hemocyanin, glucose, lactates and calcium.

Hematological condition of breeding bulls after a long winter period of operation in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic

2022 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
A. Abilov ◽  
A. Azhmyakov ◽  
I. Novgorodova ◽  
N. Bogolyubova
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Udmurt Republic

Purpose: to study hematological parameters of blood in bulls-producers of dairy breeds on the day of semen collection in the Udmurt Republic after a long winter period of operation, depending on the breeds, age and place of selection.Materials and methods. The work was performed at the Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L. K. Ernst on the basis of AO "Udmurtplem" of the Udmurt Republic in the period from 2020 to 2021 on dairy bulls (n=20) aged 15-69 months, including a purebred Holstein breed of domestic selection (n=6), a Holstein black-and-white breed of European selection (the Netherlands, n=6), a black-and-white breed with blood transfusion on Holsteins on at the level of 94-98% (n=8). The content of white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit, depending on age and breed, was studied on the ABC VET hematological analyzer on the day of taking the seed.Results. It was found that on average, in 20 bulls aged 15-69 months, the level of white blood cells was at the level of reference values of 8.8±0.25 x 109/l, red blood cells 10.3 x 1012/l, which is 50% more than the reference values. The concentration of hemoglobin is 128.0±2.92 g/l, hematocrit is on average 54.3%, with a norm of 24-46%. Breeding bulls at a reliable level, differing in age, showed that some animals had high indicators for red blood cells of 10.3±0.26 x 102, for hematocrit of 54.3% against 24-46% of reference values. Also, according to hematological indicators, there was a tendency to increase the concentration of hemoglobin and hematocrit in European-bred bulls.Conclusion. The study of the variability in hematological parameters depending on the selection showed that there is no significant difference in leukocytes and all indicators are at the level of reference values, and in erythrocytes more than 50% than the highest indicators. The highest hemoglobin values were at the level of 141-156 g/l instead of 128 g/l according to the highest reference values. Hematocrit also showed high max values in all groups in comparison with the reference values of 59-66% versus 46% in the norm. It is necessary when analyzing hematological blood parameters in addition to the average statistical indicators (M+m) also, monitor the variability (min-max) in order to obtain more objective information.

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