scholarly journals Studying about “Wood burial” - a treatment of cremation ash in Japan, today

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Hoai Chau
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Old People ◽  
Ancestor Worship ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
And Performance

This paper studied “wood burial”, a form of the burial of cremation ash under the tree in Japan today. Cremation has been conducted in Japan at a rate of more than 90%. Traditionally, the cremation ashes are buried in the family grave with known Japanese name as “ie haka”. But now, in Japan,  the factors influencing traditional customs such as family structure, the proportion of young and old people, religious consciousness... are changing. This led to new trends and changes in the culture of treatment of cremated remains. Among that, “wood burial” has emerged and become increasingly popular.  In general, the “wood burial” in Japan has many common features such as having harmony with nature, using trees instead of artificial gravestones, etc. in the general trend in the world. Besides, through my study,  in the particular context of Japan, the Japanese style wood burial, inheriting traditional characteristics such as burying the cremated ashes in the family unit (like family grave),  the permanence of grave,etc...has been clarified. Like that, inheriting the previous studies, this paper did a research about the background, characteristics, popularity… of the “wood burial” in Japan. It is also a noticeable topic of having attracted attention from various viewpoints nowadays. Through this, it is possible to understand Japanese burial culture, the culture of family, ancestor worship, etc. And relating to Vietnam, it is also a meaningful topic in the background that cremation has been increasingly accepted in Vietnam, and based on that, in the culture of burial, ancestor worship custom, …the change has been happening. Through the study, the author hopes to contribute to providing the knowledge systematically about this new topic in Vietnam. In this paper, through fieldwork research of the author, clarifying the characteristic, the acceptance and performance of wood burial,…, and through it, making clear the culture of treatment of cremation ashes, the change of family structure, ancestor worship, the concept of patriarchy... in Japan nowadays, is the purpose of my research. This topic has almost not been studied in Vietnam systematically and is meaningful in the context cremation is increasingly accepted, and brings changes in burial culture, the ancestor worship… in Vietnam today.  

scholarly journals Study about the Japanese family grave “ie haka” today - Through the research about Japanese family grave “ie haka” in big cities of Japan (Tokyo, Osaka)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Hoai Chau
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Material Research ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Japanese Family ◽  
Ancestor Worship ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
The Family

This paper studied the form of the family grave “ie haka” in Japan. Burying cremated ashes into family grave “ie haka” is the second stage of cremation, being practiced more than 90% in Japan. Through inheriting the result of precedence researches and material research, fieldwork of author, making clear the background, the characteristics, the present status, the trend in future, etc. of the family grave “ie haka” is the purpose of this paper. Among that, especially, emphasizing the “traditional characteristic”, which has been still the debate point among the researchers when studying about family grave “ie haka”. Through it, it is possible to understand the current burial method, as well as the religious consciousness, family… of Japan. And today, in Japan, in the background, many influencing factors such as family structure, religious beliefs concerning death, the afterlife, etc. has been changing outstandingly, the current status, change… of burial culture, including the family grave system “ie haka” has been the noticeable topic. This is also a significant keyword to understand Japanese society and culture. But in fact, it almost hasn’t been studied in Vietnam. With this research, I hope to contribute to the study of such related fields of Japan, as mentioned above. And relating with Vietnam, in the context of urbanization and industrialization, many problems of burial cemeteries has occurred, and instead of it, cremation has been received gradually. Based on that, the noticeable change, such as the process of changing from handling burial bodies to cremated ashes, increasing the outside service in ancestor worship practice, etc. has been brought. Like that, through the study about the case of Japan, the similarities, experiences, and application in solving related issues in Vietnam are hoped to be clarified.

A Comparative Analysis of Women and Men-Owned MSMEs with Special Emphasis on Women Entrepreneurship: A Case Study of Cachar District, Assam

2021 ◽  
pp. 097084642110442
Author(s):  
Md Sahnewaz Sanu ◽  
Md Firdos Ahmad ◽  
Shabana Anjum
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Support Family

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of micro, small and medium enterprises on women entrepreneurship development with particular reference to Cachar district of Assam. The study also aims to compare the characteristics and performance of women-owned MSMEs with those owned by men. A survey method is used to gather information from 200 MSME owner-managers located in various revenue circles/ tehsils of Cachar district. The results of the study indicate that, though very slowly, MSMEs are significantly promoting women entrepreneurship. The most important reasons for women entrepreneurs to join MSMEs appear to be (a) ‘profit motive’ or ‘to earn better income’, (b) ‘desire for independence’ and (c) ‘to support family’ or ‘the desire to provide financial security to the family’. The results of the Kruskal Wallis test demonstrate that women entrepreneurs’ background characteristics such as their marital status, age, levels of educational attainment, previous business experience and place of residence significantly affect their motivations to join MSMEs. While the employment growth in female-owned MSMEs is much higher than their male counterparts, net-return per owner-manager is found to be significantly higher in men-owned MSMEs than in women-owned MSMEs.

Business Strategies And Competitive Advantage Of Family Hotel Businesses In Ghana: The Role Of Strategic Leadership

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Agyapong ◽  
Raheema Boakye Boamah
Keyword(s):  
Family Businesses ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Strategic Leadership ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Cost Leadership ◽  
Knowledge Deficit ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
And Performance

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; text-align: justify; mso-pagination: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Although family businesses contribute largely to the world output, little is known in literature about their mode of operations in the family hotels. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The study aims to address the knowledge deficit on this critical component of the economy by investigating the experiences of family hotels in Ghana to gain a better understanding of the factors that facilitate the competitive positioning of family businesses. This paper investigates the moderating influence of strategic leadership on business strategies and performance of family hotel businesses in Ghana. </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">The findings indicate that cost leadership, differentiation and strategic leadership enhance the performance of family hotel businesses in Ghana. It further showed that strategic leadership moderate the influence of both cost leadership and differentiation strategies on the performance of family hotel businesses</span></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>

scholarly journals Economic Issues in Budgeting Genetic Test in Israel and in the World

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Sara Gabaren
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Hereditary Disease ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Economic Considerations

<p><em>Promotion and performance of hereditary screening tests is known by the world health organizations as one of the economically most efficient processes, i.e., investing resources in screening tests in a process, which has increasing efficiency every year to locate an increasing number of known hereditary diseases in order to advice in preventing pregnancies with risk to have a child with incurable hereditary diseases and that will shorten his life expectancy. However, besides the economic success discussion, the other side must be examined, the side of the tests’ target population. For this population the screening tests’ economic aspect is both the tests cost and the illness’s influence on the family. The discussion in these two aspects is separate, with only few researches examining the mutual influence of these economic considerations. Therefore, an integrated examination of the considerations must be taken to increase the hereditary screening tests and continue to reduce the incidence of hereditary disease in the world.</em></p>

A Mother's Role, a Daughter's Duty: Lady Blanche Balfour, Eleanor Sidgwick, and Feminist Perspectives

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Oppenheim
Keyword(s):  
Women's Movement ◽  
Domestic Life ◽  
Old People ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Feminist Perspectives ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Sacrifice

Addressing the Women's Institute in London on November 23, 1897, Eleanor Sidgwick, principal of Newnham College, Cambridge, observed thatThere will always be gaps in domestic life which can best be filled by the unmarried girls and women of the family; help wanted in the care of old people and children and invalids, or in making the work of other members of the family go smoothly, to which a woman may well devote herself at some sacrifice of her own future—a sacrifice she will not regret. This kind of work can best be done by women, not only because they are generally better adapted to it, but because the sacrifice is not so clear nor so great in their case as it would generally be in that of a man. Only let the cost be counted and compared with the gain, and do not let us ask women to give up their chance of filling a more useful place in the world for the sake of employing them in trivial social duties from which they might be spared with little loss to anyone.With these remarks, Mrs. Sidgwick joined the extended debate over the rights and duties of spinster daughters that the Victorian women's movement pursued for decades. For many participants, it was the preeminent issue that women had to confront if they were significantly to improve the condition of their lives.

Niepełna rodzina jako zaburzenie prawidłowego funkcjonowania struktur rodzinnych

2018 ◽  
pp. 126-142
Author(s):  
Michał Kuzdak
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Family

The author discusses the topic of families, especially incomplete. The work is about the disorganization of the family structure, showing its causes and history. The article describes the dangers of modern family and relations on the parentchild line. The author refers to economic emigration as one of the reasons for the loosening of family ties and the cause of incomplete families.

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