scholarly journals Synthesis of water-soluble chitosan for biomedical applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-180
Author(s):  
Anh Thi Tram Tu ◽  
Huy Thuc Ha
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Wide Ph Range ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ph Range

Highly deacetylated chitosan (CS) reacted with anhydride acetic (Ac2O) to produce chitosan with various degree of deacetylation (DDA) depending on the CS/Ac2O ratios. The structure of products was characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and the molecular weight was identified by GPC. The DDA of products decreases as the CS/Ac2O ratio increases. The products with less than 80 % DDA were soluble in water with a wide pH range. The water-soluble chitosan can be used in many biomedical applications such as manufacturing drug delivery systems or functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Comparison of Traditional and Ultrasound-Enhanced Electrospinning in Fabricating Nanofibrous Drug Delivery Systems

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakkarainen ◽  
Kõrkjas ◽  
Laidmäe ◽  
Lust ◽  
Semjonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Pulse Repetition Frequency ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Aqueous Acetic Acid ◽  
Promising Alternative

We investigated nozzleless ultrasound-enhanced electrospinning (USES) as means to generate nanofibrous drug delivery systems (DDSs) for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Traditional electrospinning (TES) equipped with a conventional spinneret was used as a reference method. High-molecular polyethylene oxide (PEO) and chitosan were used as carrier polymers and theophylline anhydrate as a water-soluble model drug. The nanofibers were electrospun with the diluted mixture (7:3) of aqueous acetic acid (90% v/v) and formic acid solution (90% v/v) (with a total solid content of 3% w/v). The fiber diameter and morphology of the nanofibrous DDSs were modulated by varying ultrasonic parameters in the USES process (i.e., frequency, pulse repetition frequency and cycles per pulse). We found that the USES technology produced nanofibers with higher fiber diameter (402 ± 127 nm) than TES (77 ± 21 nm). An increase of a burst count in USES increased the fiber diameter (555 ± 265 nm) and the variation in fiber size. The slight-to-moderate changes in a solid state (crystallinity) were detected when compared the nanofibers generated by TES and USES. In conclusion, USES provides a promising alternative for aqueous-based fabrication of nanofibrous DDSs for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.

Facile synthesis of novel hydrophilic and carboxyl-amine functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (102) ◽  
pp. 99948-99959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganeshlenin Kandasamy ◽  
Sreeraj Surendran ◽  
Anindita Chakrabarty ◽  
S. N. Kale ◽  
Dipak Maity
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Amine Functionalized ◽  
One Step ◽  
Cancer Theranostics

We report a one-step facile synthesis of novel water-soluble and functionalized SPIONs, which could be promising candidates for cancer theranostics.

scholarly journals Tuning the Properties of High Molecular Weight Chitosans to Develop Full Water Solubility Within a Wide pH Range

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Fiamingo ◽  
Sergio Paulo Campana Filho ◽  
Osvaldo Novais Oliveira Junior
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Wide Ph Range ◽  
Ph Range

<p>The preparation of chitosans soluble in physiological conditions has been sought for years, but so far solubility in non-acidic aqueous media has only been achieved at the expense of lowering chitosan molecular weight. In this work, we applied the multistep ultrasound-assisted deacetylation process (USAD process) to β-chitin and obtained extensively deacetylated chitosans with high molecular weights (Mw ≥ 1,000,000 g mol<sup>-1</sup>). The homogeneous <i>N</i>-acetylation of a chitosan sample resulting from three consecutive USAD procedures allowed us to produce chitosans with a high weight average degree of polymerization (DPw ≈ 6,000) and tunable degrees of acetylation (DA from 5 to 80%). <i>N</i>-acetylation was carried out under mild conditions to minimize depolymerization, while preserving a predominantly random distribution of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyanose (<i>GlcN</i>) and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyanose (<i>GlcNAc</i>) units. This close to random distribution, inferred with deconvolution of nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H NMR) spectra, is considered as responsible for the solubility within a wide pH range. Two of the highly <i>N</i>-acetylated chitosans (DA ≈ 60 % and ≈ 70 %) exhibited full water solubility even at neutral pH, which can expand the biomedical applications of chitosans. </p>

scholarly journals Degraded Hyaluronic Acid-Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Wan Nie ◽  
Baolin Zhang ◽  
Xianjia Yan ◽  
Lichao Su ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) conjugated with hyaluronic acid (HA) functional groups have potential applications as cell targeting materials. However, SPIONs incubated with high-molecular weight HA can result in severe agglomeration. In this work, we found that when modified with degraded HA (hyaluronan oligosaccharides (oHAs)), the nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed with small hydrodynamic sizes, and the oHA-modified SPIONs exerted minimal cytotoxicity. With the same functional groups as HA, the oHA-modified SPIONs may have various biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticles Engineering for Biomedical Applications—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Abdulkader Baki ◽  
Frank Wiekhorst ◽  
Regina Bleul
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Magnetic Fluid ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia ◽  
Targeted Drug

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) have been developed and applied for a broad range of biomedical applications, such as diagnostic imaging, magnetic fluid hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery, gene therapy and tissue repair. As one key element, reproducible synthesis routes of MNPs are capable of controlling and adjusting structure, size, shape and magnetic properties are mandatory. In this review, we discuss advanced methods for engineering and utilizing MNPs, such as continuous synthesis approaches using microtechnologies and the biosynthesis of magnetosomes, biotechnological synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles from bacteria. We compare the technologies and resulting MNPs with conventional synthetic routes. Prominent biomedical applications of the MNPs such as diagnostic imaging, magnetic fluid hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery and magnetic actuation in micro/nanorobots will be presented.

scholarly journals Water-Soluble Photoinitiators in Biomedical Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Tomal ◽  
Joanna Ortyl
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
High Water Solubility

Light-initiated polymerization processes are currently an important tool in various industrial fields. The advancement of technology has resulted in the use of photopolymerization in various biomedical applications, such as the production of 3D hydrogel structures, the encapsulation of cells, and in drug delivery systems. The use of photopolymerization processes requires an appropriate initiating system which, in biomedical applications, must meet additional criteria: high water solubility, non-toxicity to cells, and compatibility with visible low-power light sources. This article is a literature review on those compounds that act as photoinitiators of photopolymerization processes in biomedical applications. The division of initiators according to the method of photoinitiation was described and the related mechanisms were discussed. Examples from each group of photoinitiators are presented, and their benefits, limitations and applications are outlined.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Hyaluronic Acid-Conjugated Fe3O4@CeO2 Composite Nanoparticles for a Target-Oriented Multifunctional Drug Delivery System

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1018
Author(s):  
Chang Ryong Lee ◽  
Gun Gyun Kim ◽  
Sung Bum Park ◽  
Sang Wook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir

This study is based on the principle that superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) can be used to target a specific area given that their magnetic properties emerge when an external magnetic field is applied. Cerium oxide (CeO2), which causes oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the environment of tumor cells, was synthesized on the surface of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to produce nanoparticles that selectively kill cancer cells. In addition, hyaluronic acid (HA) was coated on the cerium’s surface to target CD44-overexpressing tumor cells, and natZr was chelated on the Fe3O4@CeO2 surface to show the usefulness of labeling the radioisotope 89Zr (T1/2 = 3.3 d). The synthesis of Fe3O4@CeO2 was confirmed by Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission-Transmission Electron Microscope (FE-TEM). The coating of HA was confirmed by FT-IR, X-ray Photoelectron. Spectroscopy (XPS), FE-TEM, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)/Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The sizes of the prepared nanoparticles were confirmed through FE-TEM and Field Emission-Scanning Electron (FE-SEM) (sizes of 15 to 30 nm), and it was confirmed that natZr was introduced onto the surface of the nanoparticles using EDS. The particle size of the dispersed material was limited through Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) to about 148 nm in aqueous solution, which was suitable for the (enhanced permeation and retention) EPR effect. It was confirmed that the HA-coated nanoparticles have good dispersibility. Finally, a cytotoxicity evaluation confirmed the ability of CeO2 to generate ROS and target the delivery of HA. In conclusion, Fe3O4@CeO2 can effectively inhibit cancer cells through the activity of cerium oxide in the body when synthesized in nano-sized superparamagnetic coral iron that has magnetic properties. Subsequently, by labeling the radioactive isotope 89Zr, it is possible to create a theranostic drug delivery system that can be used for cancer diagnosis.

scholarly journals Tuning the Properties of High Molecular Weight Chitosans to Develop Full Water Solubility Within a Wide pH Range

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Fiamingo ◽  
Sergio Paulo Campana Filho ◽  
Osvaldo Novais Oliveira Junior
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Wide Ph Range ◽  
Ph Range

<p>The preparation of chitosans soluble in physiological conditions has been sought for years, but so far solubility in non-acidic aqueous media has only been achieved at the expense of lowering chitosan molecular weight. In this work, we applied the multistep ultrasound-assisted deacetylation process (USAD process) to β-chitin and obtained extensively deacetylated chitosans with high molecular weights (Mw ≥ 1,000,000 g mol<sup>-1</sup>). The homogeneous <i>N</i>-acetylation of a chitosan sample resulting from three consecutive USAD procedures allowed us to produce chitosans with a high weight average degree of polymerization (DPw ≈ 6,000) and tunable degrees of acetylation (DA from 5 to 80%). <i>N</i>-acetylation was carried out under mild conditions to minimize depolymerization, while preserving a predominantly random distribution of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyanose (<i>GlcN</i>) and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyanose (<i>GlcNAc</i>) units. This close to random distribution, inferred with deconvolution of nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H NMR) spectra, is considered as responsible for the solubility within a wide pH range. Two of the highly <i>N</i>-acetylated chitosans (DA ≈ 60 % and ≈ 70 %) exhibited full water solubility even at neutral pH, which can expand the biomedical applications of chitosans. </p>

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