scholarly journals A Beginner’s Guide to Water Management — Color

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2004 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florida LAKEWATCH
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Light Refraction ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Apparent Color ◽  
True Color

Aside from water clarity, the color of water in a lake is one of the main attributes that captures people's attention—particularly if the color begins to change. As this circular explains, changes in color can affect the biological productivity of a waterbody including the abundance of aquatic plants and/or algae. However, readers will also learn that most of these changes are the result of natural processes that occur within the watershed. Related topics of discussion include apparent color, true color, suspended and dissolved substances, along with the dynamics of light refraction. The last section provides two empirical models (equations) that can be used to determine if color in a waterbody is the result of algae or suspended solids.  This document, CIR108, is the eighth of a series of information circulars dedicated to familiarizing citizens with the language and techniques used by those involved in water management. © January 2004, 1st Edition. Cir108/FA105: A Beginners Guide to Water Management?Color (ufl.edu)

Quantum yield of the marine benthic microflora of near-shore coastal Penang, Malaysia

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. McMinn ◽  
S. Sellah ◽  
W. A. Wan Ab. Llah ◽  
M. Mohammad ◽  
F. Md. Sidik Merican ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Reduced Water

Benthic microalgal communities often contribute more than 30% of the primary production of shallow coastal and estuarine areas. At Muka Head Penang (Pulau Pinang) and the Songsong Islands (Pulau Songsong), Kedah, Malaysia, high concentrations of suspended solids and phytoplankton biomass (10.6 mg Chl a m−3) has reduced water clarity such that the euphotic zone of these areas is less than 2 m and 3 m deep respectively. The benthic microalgal communities, which were composed of the diatom genera Cocconeis, Fragilaria, Paralia and Pleurosigma, had a low biomass, had low maximum quantum yields (0.325 ± 0.129), were poorly adapted to their light environment and were constantly light limited. These characteristics suggest that the benthic microalgal communities were likely to have made only a minor contribution to the total primary production of the area.

scholarly journals Developing A Simple Water Use Model of Ilex x ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ from Liners to Four Meter Tall Trees

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Beeson, Jr. ◽  
Hang Thi Thu Duong ◽  
Roger J. Kjelgren
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Projected Area ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Tree Farms ◽  
Landscape Trees

To meet minimum spring flows, water management districts in Florida sought to make both agriculture and urban landscapes water efficient, which includes tree farms. Ilex spp. (holly) trees are endemic to Central Florida and among the most popular landscape trees for their hardness, bright colors and go-anywhere size. To provide a basis for irrigation allocations both during production and in landscapes, daily actual evapotranspiration (ETA) for three holly trees were measured with weighing lysimeters over 5.75 years, beginning with rooted cuttings and continuing until trees averaged 4.3 meters in height. Empirical models were derived to calculate ETA based on crown horizontal projected area or trunk caliper, adjusted daily by changes in evapotranspiration (ETo). Average ETA to produce these hollies was 20 432 L cumulative over 5.75 years.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality Based on Trophic Status and Nutrients-Chlorophyll Empirical Models of Different Elevation Reservoirs

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3640
Author(s):  
Md Mamun ◽  
Usman Atique ◽  
Kwang-Guk An
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Chl A ◽  
State Index

Water quality degradation is one of the most pressing environmental challenges in reservoirs around the world and makes the trophic status assessment of reservoirs essential for their restoration and sustainable use. The main aims of this study were to determine the spatial variations in water quality and trophic state of 204 South Korean reservoirs at different altitude levels. The results demonstrated mean total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll-a (CHL-a), total suspended solids (TSS), organic matter indicators (chemical oxygen demand: COD; total organic carbon: TOC), water temperature (WT), and electrical conductivity (EC) remain consistently higher in the very lowland reservoirs (VLLR) than those in other altitudes, due to sedimentary or alluvial watersheds. The average TP and CHL-a levels in VLLR crossed the limit of the eutrophic water, symptomizing a moderate risk of cyanobacterial blooms. Empirical models were developed to identify critical variables controlling algal biomass and water clarity in reservoirs. The empirical analyses of all reservoir categories illustrated TP as a better predictor of CHL-a (R2 = 0.44, p < 0.01) than TN (R2 = 0.02, p < 0.05) as well as showed strong P-limitation based on TN:TP ratios. The algal productivity of VLLR (R2 = 0.61, p < 0.01) was limited by phosphorus, while highland reservoirs (HLR) were phosphorus (R2 = 0.23, p < 0.03) and light-limited (R2 = 0.31, p < 0.01). However, TSS showed a highly significant influence on water clarity compared to TP and algal CHL-a in all reservoirs. TP and TSS explained 47% and 34% of the variance in non-algal turbidity (NAT) in HLR. In contrast, the TP and TSS variances were 18% and 29% in midland reservoirs (MLR) and 32% and 20% in LLR. The trophic state index (TSI) of selected reservoirs varied between mesotrophic to eutrophic states as per TSI (TP), TSI (CHL-a), and TSI (SD). Mean TSI (CHL-a) indicated all reservoirs as eutrophic. Trophic state index deviation (TSID) assessment also complemented the phosphorus limitation characterized by the blue-green algae (BGA) domination in all reservoirs. Overall, reservoirs at varying altitudes reflect the multiplying impacts of anthropogenic factors on water quality, which can provide valuable insights into reservoir water quality management.

scholarly journals Análise física da água de entrada no sistema agroindustrial de curtume em Maringá-Paraná

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Marcelo Estevam ◽  
Adriano Willian da Silva ◽  
Frederico Fonseca da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Apparent Color ◽  
The City ◽  
Cutting System

Assessment of water quality is extreme importance for the health of animals, especially humans. The physical paraments (electrical conductivity, pH, turbidity, apparent color, taste, smell, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids), in water indicate the quality, including that used for human consumption. Therefore, a water inspection at the entrance and exit of an agroindustrial cutting system in the city of Maringa (Brazil), between the years 2014 and 2017, is important for a relaxation of water standards. The results were published and published based on the environmental legislation showed that the quality of the water used in the agroindustry, regarding the physical parameters, respects as current environmental regulations, not causing damage to the environment and demonstrating that the process used in the agroindustrial system is efficient from an environmental standpoint.

scholarly journals The statistical relation/coherence between ice-regimes of Lake Raduńskie Górne and Lake Ostrzyckie

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Jacek Barańczuk
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Statistical Relation ◽  
Ice Regime ◽  
The University ◽  
Ice Phenomena ◽  
Cover Pattern

AbstractThis article is an attempt to analyse and compare several selected parameters regarding ice phenomena using the correlation analysis of two lakes, which are benchmark lakes located in the central part of the Kashubian Lakeland. These lakes are: Raduńskie Górne, a larger one (387.2 hm2) and Ostrzyckie, a smaller one covering an area of 308.0 hm2. The analysis covered measurement sequences for the period 1971–2010. The material for analysis regarding data on ice phenomena on Lake Raduńskie Górne was obtained from the University of Gdańsk Limnological Station in Borucino while the data for Lake Ostrzyckie was obtained from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW). Relations between the following parameters of the ice regime were analysed: duration of the ice phenomena, duration of the ice cover, average and maximum thickness of the ice cover. The analysis and data comparisons have revealed that there are strong and very strong relations between the analysed parameters, which made it possible to develop proper statistical models. Hence, should there be a lack of data on the ice-cover pattern for one of these lakes it is possible to recreate them using the elaborated empirical models and data for the other.

scholarly journals Assessment of observed and simulated low flow indices for a highly managed river basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1831-1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagen Koch ◽  
Stefan Liersch ◽  
José Roberto Gonçalves de Azevedo ◽  
Ana Lígia Chaves Silva ◽  
Fred Fokko Hattermann
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Low Flows

Abstract Droughts and resulting low flows are a threat for society, economy, and ecosystems. Droughts are natural phenomena, but anthropogenic water use can increase the pressure on water resources. To analyze the effects of changing land-use or water management and climate variability/change on water resources, models integrating the most important hydrological processes are needed. These models must account for natural processes and water resources management at different spatial and temporal scales, e.g., reservoir operation, water withdrawals. Low flow indices are analyzed for observed and simulated flows for the highly managed São Francisco river basin in Brazil, showing that during wet, normal, and moderately dry years, the existing reservoir system is able to augment low flows while during strong droughts the system reaches its limits. This effect is also represented in the simulations using the eco-hydrological model SWIM, which was adapted to account for region-specific characteristics of land-use and water management. While good to very good performance was achieved for calibration and validation for most gauges, for some gauges at tributaries only insufficient quantitative criteria are reached. The reasons for the deviation between observations and simulation results are discussed. Overall, the model is able to represent natural discharges and observed, managed discharges.

scholarly journals Retrieving Water Turbidity in Araucanian Lakes (South-Central Chile) Based on Multispectral Landsat Imagery

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3133
Author(s):  
Lien Rodríguez-López ◽  
Iongel Duran-Llacer ◽  
Lisdelys González-Rodríguez ◽  
Rolando Cardenas ◽  
Roberto Urrutia
Keyword(s):  
Landsat Imagery ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Mean Bias Error ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Temporal Representation ◽  
South Central ◽  
Combination Bands

Remote sensing was used as an early alert tool for water clarity changes in five Araucanian Lakes in South-Central Chile. Turbidity records are scarce or unavailable over large and remote areas needed to fully understand the factors associated with turbidity, and their spatial-temporal representation remains a limitation. This work aimed to develop and validate empirical models to estimate values of turbidity from Landsat images and determine the spatial distribution of estimated turbidity in the selected Araucanian Lakes. Secchi disk depth measurements were linked with turbidity measurements to obtain a turbidity dataset. This in turn was used to develop and validate a set of empirical models to predict turbidity based on four single bands and 16 combination bands from 15 multispectral Landsat images. The best empirical models predicted turbidity over the range of 0.3–12.3 NTUs with RMSE values around 0.31–1.03 NTU, R2 (Index of Agreement IA) around 0.93–0.99 (0.85–0.97) and mean bias error (MBE) around (−0.36–0.44 NTU). Estimation maps to analyze the temporal-spatial turbidity variation in the lakes were constructed. Finally, it was found that the meteorological conditions may affect the variation of turbidity, mainly precipitation and wind speed. The data indicate that the turbidity has slightly increased in winter–spring. These models will be used in the future to reconstruct large datasets that allow analyzing transparency trends in those lakes.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Purification Effect of Biochemical Pool Model for Treatment of Pavement Runoff by Aquatic Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2428
Author(s):  
Qinge Wang ◽  
He Cao ◽  
Huanan Yu ◽  
Luwei Zhao ◽  
Jinchan Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Road Runoff ◽  
Iris Pseudacorus ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pool Model ◽  
Better Than

The road runoff after rainfall carries a lot of pollutants that could cause great harm to the water environment. A biochemical pool can be used as a treatment for the road runoff. In order to further improve the efficiency of road runoff treatment by biochemical pool and to evaluate the purification effect of the aquatic plants, two aquatic plants of Iris pseudacorus and Myriophyllum verticillatum were chosen in this research. The effect of different planting densities on the treatment of runoff pollutants and the planting mode by different aquatic plants were studied. The results show that both plants have the ability to remove the pollutants like chemical oxygen demand (COD), Zn, Cu, oil, and suspended solids (SS), and the ability is increased with the increase of planting density. The Iris pseudacorus is better than Myriophyllum verticillatum on the removal of Zn, while Myriophyllum verticillatum does better on the removal of Cu, oil, and SS. Combined planting mode can effectively improve the purification effect of COD and petroleum.

scholarly journals Particulate matter characterization of Cauca River water in Colombia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Gutiérrez ◽  
Doris van Halem ◽  
Luuk Cornelis Rietveld
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
River Water ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Water Source ◽  
True Color ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract. The particulate matter composition in the Upper Cauca River section was studied, considering the importance of this river for the water supply of Cali, Colombia, and the implications that the turbidity of this water source has had for the city's water treatment. Additionally, the upstream Palo River was investigated, as this river is a major contributor to the Cauca River. River water samples were taken in both rivers in the period 2012–2014 during dry and rainy seasons. The origin of the particulate matter was studied through measurements of turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids, particle size distribution, Fe3+, PO43−, NO3-N, chlorophyll-a, chemical oxygen demand, and true color. Turbidity and TSS values, measured during this survey, were highly variable, ranging from 25 to 465 NTU and 10 to 490 mg/L in the Cauca River, and from 30 to 840 NTU and 15 to 710 mg/L in the Palo River, respectively. High scattering was obtained in TSS and turbidity relationships in both rivers, potentially due to the different sources contributing to both parameters. It was concluded that the concentration of particulate matter depended merely on precipitation events in the Cauca and Palo River basins, leading to soil erosion due to extensive and intensive agricultural practices. In addition, the South Canal was identified as one of the main contributors to organic particulate matter.

scholarly journals Cellulose Acetate Textile Fiber Filtration System Applied for Pre-Treatment of Surface Water

2022 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Silvia De Lima Vielmo ◽  
Ailton Borges Rodrigues ◽  
Eduardo Volkart da Rosa ◽  
Dayane Gonzaga Domingos ◽  
Juliana Barden Schallemberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Apparent Color ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Fiber ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
True Color

This study aimed to evaluate a nonwoven (NW) production and performance from cellulose acetate fiber from cigarette butts andapplied to a filtration system for surface water pre-treatment. The system had a surface area of 692 cm³, cellulose acetate from cigarette butt as filter media, was used and was fed with surface water from a pond. In order to evaluate the treatment performance of the filtration system were evaluated in the raw water (RW) and the filtered water (FW) the classical parameter of water quality as turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), apparent color, true color, and total organic carbon (TOC) and heavy metals (iron, copper, and cadmium). Moreover, the presence of nicotine was investigated in the FW. The results showed a mean removal efficiency in order to 62.01%, 54.42%, 50.36 %, 6.73%, and 5.20% for turbidity, TSS, apparent color, true color, and TOC, respectively. The removal of metals varied in the order of 72.26%, 9.61%, and 2.12% for cadmium, iron, and copper, respectively. The presence of nicotine in RW and FW was not identified. In this way, besides reducing the negative environmental impacts caused by cigarette butts present in the environment, the developed technology showed potential for removing pollutants present in surface waters.

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