scholarly journals Particulate matter characterization of Cauca River water in Colombia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Gutiérrez ◽  
Doris van Halem ◽  
Luuk Cornelis Rietveld
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
River Water ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Water Source ◽  
True Color ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract. The particulate matter composition in the Upper Cauca River section was studied, considering the importance of this river for the water supply of Cali, Colombia, and the implications that the turbidity of this water source has had for the city's water treatment. Additionally, the upstream Palo River was investigated, as this river is a major contributor to the Cauca River. River water samples were taken in both rivers in the period 2012–2014 during dry and rainy seasons. The origin of the particulate matter was studied through measurements of turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids, particle size distribution, Fe3+, PO43−, NO3-N, chlorophyll-a, chemical oxygen demand, and true color. Turbidity and TSS values, measured during this survey, were highly variable, ranging from 25 to 465 NTU and 10 to 490 mg/L in the Cauca River, and from 30 to 840 NTU and 15 to 710 mg/L in the Palo River, respectively. High scattering was obtained in TSS and turbidity relationships in both rivers, potentially due to the different sources contributing to both parameters. It was concluded that the concentration of particulate matter depended merely on precipitation events in the Cauca and Palo River basins, leading to soil erosion due to extensive and intensive agricultural practices. In addition, the South Canal was identified as one of the main contributors to organic particulate matter.

scholarly journals Quality of Ground and Surface Water of Rajshahi City Area for Sustainable Drinking Water Source

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 577 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Rasul ◽  
M. S. Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
City Area ◽  
Rajshahi City

An investigation was carried out to assess the water qualities and extents of impurities in groundwater and surface water (Padma river water) in Rajshahi City area. Water samples from a total of 330 tube wells and five spots of the river Padma were analysed for physicochemical, biological and hydrological parameters with standard methods. Among all considered parameters of ground water, concentrations of arsenic, iron, manganese, total hardness, and total coliform and faecal coliform bacteria were found above the permissible limits for potable water. In case of the river Padma, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total coliform, faecal coliform and suspended solids exceeded permissible limits. Both ground and river water must be treated properly before distribution for drinking purpose. Finally, the Padma is recommended as the most sustainable drinking water source for Rajshahi City Corporation area. Keywords: Rajshahi City; Ground water; Surface water; Quality control. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4093                 J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 579-586 (2010) 

Assesment of Water Pollution in the Tigris River in Diyarbakır, Turkey

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Memet Varol ◽  
Bülent Gökot ◽  
Aysel Bekleyen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Tigris River

Diyarbakır is the biggest city and the largest urban settlement in the Tigris Basin in Turkey. It has been gradually developing and growing thanks to the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP), and is one of the most important centers of industry, agriculture and animal husbandry in the Tigris Basin. The Tigris River is an important water source for the city, and it serves for irrigation, fishing, recreation and receiving wastewater. With the development of industry, agriculture and the growth of urban population, its pollution has become a serious problem. Pollution from domestic, industrial and agricultural activities has led to deterioration of water quality. In this context, the aim of the present study is to identify point sources of pollution and to assess the surface water quality of the Tigris River in the study area by monitoring physicochemical parameters. Diyarbakır produced a negative impact on the Tigris River water quality, particularly after the WWTP discharge. Concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, organic nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased markedly downstream of Diyarbakır WWTP discharge point. During the summer, the extent of organic pollution was so serious in the stations, downstream of WWTP, that dissolved oxygen became almost absent from the river water. The metal concentrations of all water samples were mostly below or close to the maximum permitted concentration for protection of aquatic life and drinking water.

Performance and behaviour of planted and unplanted units of a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system treating municipal effluent from a UASB reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1495-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocilene Ferreira da Costa ◽  
André Cordeiro de Paoli ◽  
Martin Seidl ◽  
Marcos von Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Filter Medium ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow

A system composed of two horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands operating in parallel was evaluated for the post-treatment of UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactor effluent, for a population equivalent of 50 inhabitants per unit. One unit was planted with cattail (Typha latifolia) and the other was unplanted. The study was undertaken over a period of 4 years, comprising monitoring of influent and effluent constituents together with a full characterization of the behaviour of the units (tracer studies, mathematical modelling of chemical oxygen demand (COD) decay, characterization of solids in the filter medium). The mean value of the surface hydraulic load was 0.11 m3m−2d−1, and the theoretical hydraulic retention time was 1.1 d in each unit. Using tracer tests with 82Br, dispersion number (d) values of 0.084 and 0.079 for the planted and unplanted units were obtained, indicating low to moderate dispersion. The final effluent had excellent quality in terms of organic matter and suspended solids, but the system showed low capacity for nitrogen removal. Four-year mean effluent concentration values from the planted and unplanted units were, respectively: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5): 25 and 23 mg L−1; COD: 50 and 55 mg L−1; total suspended solids (TSS): 9 and 9 mg L−1; N-ammonia: 27 and 28 mg L−1. The COD decay coefficient K for the traditional plug-flow model was 0.81 and 0.84 d−1 for the planted and unplanted units. Around 80% of the total solids present in the filter medium were inorganic, and most of them were present in the interstices rather than attached to the support medium. As an overall conclusion, horizontal subsurface flow wetlands can be a very suitable post-treatment method for municipal effluents from anaerobic reactors.

scholarly journals Water Bodies Quality along Paddy Field in Karang Ploso Sub District, Malang City, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Kiki Gustinasari ◽  
Joni Hermana ◽  
Ellina S. Pandebesie
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Organochlorine Contaminants

Agricultural activities cannot be separated from the use of agrochemical, both chemical fertilizer and pesticides. As the largest water user sector, agricultural activities are a source of water pollution. This study was carried out in Brantas’ upper stream along paddy fields, Karangploso Subdistrict, Malang District. The river water samples were collected along the paddy field. The samples were collected when ahead of the harvest season. During the harvest season, pesticides were not sprayed but the concentration of pesticides in the river is quite high. Because no studies have previously measured Organochlorine Pesticide levels in the river along paddy fields, this study is an important contribution to the knowledge of organochlorine contaminants present in surface water in Karang Ploso Subdistrict. The river water has a high concentration of organochlorine pesticides of 400.000 ppt, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of 226,8 mg/L, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) of 10,2 mg/L, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of 3,8 mg/L, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of 36,4 mg/L, total phosphate (PO4-) of 0,2 mg/L, nitrate (NO3-N) of 0,7 mg/L, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) of 53 mg/L, and potential of Hydrogen (pH) in lab and field of 8 and 7,08, respectively.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Ash Salts for Goat Skins Preservation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11S) ◽  
pp. 184-190
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Acacia Albida ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Worldwide, mostly skin is preserved using NaCl which is polluting the environment by increasing soil salinity, affecting water body, releasing of more than 40 % TDS and 55 % Cl- . In the current study, plant derived ash salt from Acacia albida and Acacia bussei was used as salt-less and less salt formulations for curing goat skins, proving effective alternative to the conventional preservation with NaCl. Ash salt was prepared by burning the plants’ stems and leaves completely into ashes, soaked in water and then filtering; then boiling to evaporate water to get an ash salt. The ash salt demonstrated better antibacterial properties in preserving goat skins for 21st days without disintegration. Moisture contents were reduced to less than 30 %, nitrogen content and bacterial counts were sound and stood in a normal unaffected range and preserved skins were later processed and chrome tanned into crust upper leather. The physico-mechanical and chemical properties of all crust leathers were tested and the results met the standard requirements. The shrinkage temperatures (Ts) of all the prepared and preserved goat leathers were shown to be above 90 0C. Organoleptic properties were also analyzed and were shown much better. The pollution loads of soaking liquors were assessed and there was dramatic reduction in levels of total solid, total suspended solids, chloride, total dissolved solid, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand released along with the wastewater with the significant variations (P > 0.05).

Characterization of the potential impact of retention tank emptying on wastewater primary treatment: a new element for CSO management

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1898-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Maruejouls ◽  
P. Lessard ◽  
B. Wipliez ◽  
G. Pelletier ◽  
P. A. Vanrolleghem
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
To Come

Theoretical studies have shown that discharges from retention tanks could have a negative impact on the WWTP's (Wastewater Treatment Plant) effluent. Characterization of such discharges is necessary to better understand these impacts. This study aims at: (1) characterizing water quality during emptying of a tank; and (2) characterizing the temporal variation of settling velocities of the waters released to the WWTP. Two full-scale sampling campaigns (18 rain events) have been realized in Quebec City and laboratory analyses have shown a wide variability of total suspended solids (TSS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentrations in the water released from the tank. Suspended solids seem to settle quickly because they are only found in large amounts during the first 15 min of pumping to the WWTP. These solids are hypothesized to come from the pumping in which solids remained after a previous event. When these solids are evacuated, low TSS containing waters are pumped from the retention tank. A second concentration peak occurs at the end of the emptying period when the tank is cleaned with wash water. Finally, settling velocity studies allowed characterizing combined sewer wastewaters by separating three main fractions of pollutants which correspond to the beginning, middle and end of emptying. In most cases, it is noticed that particle settling velocities increase as the pollutant load increases.

scholarly journals Status Mutu Air Sungai Unda Pada Lahan Eks Galian C Kabupaten Klungkung

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
I Made Sara Wijana ◽  
Abd. Rahman As-syakur ◽  
Made MS Mahendra ◽  
I GA Kunti Sri Panca Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Sampling Point

The Unda River (Tukad) is the second largest river in Bali Province after the Ayung River. The Unda River has been used for various activities, such as tourism activities for white water rafting and agricultural irrigation activities. In addition, Unda River water is planned to be used as a raw water source in the planned construction of the Bali Cultural Center (PKB) which is planned to be built in the lower reaches of the Unda River. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research related to the water quality of the Unda River, especially in the Lower Unda River. Water quality analysis refers to class II water quality standards according to the Bali Governor Regulation Number 16 of 2016. Meanwhile, the analysis of water quality status uses the pollution index (IP) according to the Decree of the Minister of the Environment Number 115 of 2003. The results of the analysis show that water quality parameters that exceed the highest quality standard is downstream (sampling point 3) with 4 (four) parameters, namely Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total coliform and fecal coli. While the sampling points 1 (one) and 2 (two), the parameters that exceed the quality standard are total coliform and fecal coli. In addition, the results of this study also show that the pollution index value downstream is increasing, where at sampling point 1 which is a DAM location has a pollutant index of 3.78 (light pollution) and at sampling point 2 of 6.27 (moderate pollution) and at sampling point 3 of 7.67 (medium polluted).

scholarly journals Characterization of Car Wash Wastewater from Manually dispersed, Snow and Auto Car Wash Stations

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.23) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahrul Shafendy Bin Ibrahim ◽  
Nor Haslina Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Sulphate Chloride ◽  
Car Wash ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Cleaning Methods ◽  
Car Wash Wastewater

Although commonly perceived lightly in the eye of public, car wash wastewater should be taken more seriously as they have the tendency to be harmful and toxic not only towards the environment, but also humans. In this study, car wash wastewater samples were taken from three stations in Johor with different cleaning methods; manually-dispersed car wash (MCW), snow car wash (SCW) and auto car wash (ACW). At each station, samples were taken during the initial rinsing (IR), and final rinsing (FR) of the vehicles. The samples taken were analyzed for its pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), oil and grease (O&G), total suspended solids (TSS), anions (anionic surfactant, nitrate, sulphate, chloride, fluoride, orthophosphate) and heavy metals (iron, zinc, magnesium, chromium, manganese, copper, lead, silver). The results obtained shows that there appears to be no specific pattern to differentiate between the IR and FR samples due to the different washing methods, chemicals and equipment used. The level of contamination of the car wash wastewater was SCW>MCW>ACW. Overall, the result shows that some of the samples did not pass the standard discharge limit; pH, COD, BOD, O&G, TSS, AS and Fe. This shows that car wash wastewater produced in the cleaning activities should be given more concern and need to be treated before being released to the water body.  

Runoff characteristics of particulate pesticides in a river from paddy fields

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Inoue ◽  
S. Ebise ◽  
A. Numabe ◽  
O. Nagafuchi ◽  
Y. Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
River Water ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Sorption Coefficient ◽  
Organic Carbon Concentration ◽  
Rain Events

Runoff characteristics of particulate pesticides from paddy fields have been intensively observed in the Koise River in Japan. The 8 pesticides that are applied to paddy fields were analyzed in both particulate and dissolved forms. The concentrations and the detection frequencies of particulate pesticides were lower than those of dissolved pesticides. The particulate pesticide concentrations in the river water were evaluated based on the soil sorption coefficient, particulate organic carbon concentration, and dissolved pesticide concentrations. The particulate pesticide concentrations in the river were higher than evaluated concentrations because the paddy soil contained more pesticides than did suspended solids in the river water discharged during rain events, and because the desorption rates of pesticides were slow. In observations made during rains, the particulate pesticide concentrations increased with the increases in both the discharge rate and the concentrations of suspended solids. The particulate loading was slight compared with dissolved loading, but particulate pesticides may be influenced by enclosed areas such as a lake or estuary because under such conditions particulate matter settles vertically and the pesticide decomposition rate in sediment is slow compared with that in water.

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